Long-term approach for assessment of sloshing loads in LNG carrier,Part I: Comparison of Short- and Long-term approaches

To assess the long-term sloshing loads of a liquefied natural gas carrier, Daewoo Shipbuilding and Marine Engineering Co., Ltd., Hyundai Heavy Industry Co., Ltd, Samsung Heavy Industry Co., Ltd. (SHI), Korean Register, and Seoul National University conducted a series of joint industrial experiments using a six-degree-of-freedom irregular sloshing model test. SHI provides a 174 K S-LNGC and its cargo hold information. To consider the numerous test conditions of the long-term approach, the present study focuses on the upper regions of the cargo hold structure, and feasible operating scenarios are assumed. A total of 3870 h at a real scale are simulated based on 387 sailing conditions. Extensive experimental results of sloshing loads are analyzed based on different guidelines suggested by different maritime classification societies. Part I of this study provides an assessment of sloshing loads based on a comparison of short- and long-term approaches distinguished by the guidelines, and the possible reference values are presented. A practical solution for the long-term approach will be discussed in Part II.     

A numerical study of the effects of the longitudinal baffle on nickel ore slurry sloshing in a prismatic cargo hold

The nickel ore slurry sloshing in a rolling partially loaded prismatic cargo hold with a longitudinal baffle is investigated. A numerical model based on the volume of fluid (VOF) method and the non-Newtonian Herschel-Bulkley and Bingham equations is proposed to study the dynamic behavior of nickel ore slurry sloshing. The numerical model is solved by using the finite volume approximations and the dynamic mesh technique is utilized to handle the cargo hold's motion. After taking grid and time step independence study, the numerical results are compared with experimental data. Comparisons show good agreement in the cases investigated. Further, the relationship between the moment amplitude induced on the hold boundary and the excitation frequency is checked numerically. The ratio of baffle height to the initial cargo depth has been changed in the range of 0.0 ≤ h_B/d ≤ 1.2. The variation of the sloshing-induced moment and the deformation of the free surface under different baffle heights have been obtained and discussed. To clearly understand the sloshing behavior of nickel ore slurry, the sloshing of liquid water has also been carried out. Meanwhile, the dynamic viscosity of the nickel ore slurry is monitored. The critical baffle height with regard to the sloshing-induced moment and the elevation difference of the free surface at two sides of the cargo hold has also been presented and discussed.     

Structural safety assessment procedure for membrane-type LNG CCS considering hydroelasticity effect

As environmental regulations have become more onerous, the demand for LNG and LNG carriers has increased. The LNG cargo containment system (LNG CCS) is one of the most important facilities in LNG carriers, and many membrane types of LNG CCS have been developed so far. Traditionally, sloshing model tests are performed and a series of statistical approaches are used to obtain design sloshing pressures. Then, these design loads are utilized to analyze the structural safety of LNG CCS. In the sloshing model test, the flat and almost rigid plate is used as the LNG CCS instead of a real model, and thus, the hydroelasticity effect cannot be considered. In the present research, the effect of hydroelasticity on sloshing pressure was investigated in a fluid-structure interaction simulation. A wet drop simulation was conducted, and its results subsequently were compared with wet drop experimental test results to ensure their validity. Then, two types of structure model, namely a flat-rigid plate model and a flat-flexible CCS model, were generated to investigate the effect of hydroelasticity. Also, a fluid hitting analysis model was devised to realize the sloshing phenomenon, and the two generated structure models were applied as the structure domain in the analysis. In the fluid hitting simulations, it was found that the hydroelasticity effect on sloshing pressure is significant. Thus, correction factors, which are quantitative values of the effect of hydroelasticity, were derived (and are proposed herein). Finally, a structural safety assessment procedure for consideration of the hydroelasticity effect was derived (and is suggested herein).     

Data mining in sloshing experiment database and application of neural network for extreme load prediction

Database of the sloshing model test has been mined. More than 540 terabytes experimental data have been accumulated for various cargo holds, vessels, environmental conditions, operational conditions, and experimental conditions. The database was organized, cleaned, and analyzed for the floating units larger than standard size LNG carriers or LNG fueled vessels. The selected target data was used for the machine learning to predict the model test results from the test conditions. An artificial neural network has been developed. Many different types of parameters were scaled and transformed as the input attributes followed by the optimization of the hyperparameters and the architecture. The network predicted the test results that were not used in the training process. The prediction results were validated according to the changes in the environmental conditions, operational conditions, and model dimensions. The accuracy of the network was acceptable to be applicable to the designing perspective.     

800吨自升式风电安装平台的设计特点

800吨自升式风电安装平台是上海振华重工(集团)股份有限公司为江苏龙源振华海洋工程公司设计研发建造的一种新型风电安装平台。本文从总体布置、重量重心控制、锚泊系统、消防系统等方面介绍了该船的设计特点。     

钢结构大厦工程的控制管理

阐述了在江南重工股份有限公司承接的国内第一幢"全国产化"大楼——长春光大银行营业大厦钢结构工程的项目管理中,如何实施工程管理控制的方法和经验。     

货舱内液化矿砂晃荡机理及数值计算研究

装载含水量较高矿砂的船舶在长时间摇摆和振动时,装载的矿砂会出现液化现象,其中的水分会析出,并在矿砂表面形成自由液面.受液化矿砂的粘性流动及表层液面的影响,运输该类货物的船舶易发生倾覆事故.建立了载有液化矿砂的三维货舱数值模型,探讨了货舱晃荡时矿砂液面、壁面载荷以及货舱横摇力矩的变化规律等;结合横摇实验现象对液化矿砂晃动机理和危害性进行了初步验证.结果表明：货舱内粘性矿砂的流动滞后于货舱的横摇运动,因而货舱横摇力矩的变化与货舱运动存在着相位滞后的关系,其最大值发生在货舱处于最大晃动角度后返回到平衡位置的过程中;货舱回摇过程中,倾侧的液化矿砂不能及时回流,会在一侧产生堆积,进而增加船舶倾侧力矩,最终可能会导致船舶倾覆.     

新型多功能油船液货晃荡模拟装置设计

针对油船在恶劣海况航行晃荡所产生的爆炸危险、液货损失和环境污染问题,研制一种新型晃荡模拟平台,将晃荡箱体放置在水中通过液压驱动晃荡,并且实现其自动化控制及数据反馈,更加真实地模拟了实际晃荡情况。经晃荡实验结果表明,该装置具有良好的适用性,对今后液货晃荡实验有一定的应用价值。     

浅谈18000m^3耙吸式挖泥船电气系统设计

文章对大连中远海运重工有限公司建造的18000m^3耙吸式挖泥船电气系统进行了简要介绍,根据挖泥船的特点,对挖泥作业特有的系统进行了简要说明,对今后类似船舶的建造具有参考意义。     

浅谈钢板筒仓的使用与管理

立筒仓以其占地小、储量大、机械化程序高等优点,越来越广泛地应用于港口散货码头。介绍了日照港裕廓码头有限公司现有钢板筒仓的概况和钢板筒仓的组成。着重阐述了筒仓使用5个阶段的操作要求和注意事项。并介绍了搞好钢板筒仓管理的一些行之有效的做法。     

A fully coupled ship motion and sloshing analysis in various container geometries

In the present study a novel modeling approach is presented to solve the combined internal sloshing and sea-keeping problem. The model deals with interesting effects arising due to the coupled interaction between the sloshing in partially filled containers of several geometries and the ship motion. The study is very important for the liquid cargo carrier operating in rough sea or under different environmental conditions. The resulting slosh characteristics that include transient pressure variation, free surface profiles and hydrodynamic pressure over the container walls have been reported in this study. In addition, the effects of coupled ship response and sloshing on ship motion parameters have also been investigated. The equations of motion of fluid, considered inviscid, irrotational, and partially compressible, are expressed in terms of the pressure variable alone. A finite difference-based iterative time-stepping technique is employed to advance the coupled solution in the time domain. Several parameters of interest, including the container parameters, level of liquid, thrusters modeling and some important environmental factors are investigated.     

FPSO内孤立波载荷特性数值研究

文章将KdV、eKdV和MCC内孤立波理论应用到内孤立波数值模拟水槽入口速度条件计算,讨论内孤立波与浮式生产储卸油装置FPSO强非线性作用问题。结果表明,数值模拟所得FPSO内孤立波水平载荷、垂向载荷及力矩与实验结果相吻合,内孤立波载荷主要由波浪压差力、粘性压差力和摩擦力构成,粘性压差力很小,可以忽略;在水平载荷中,摩擦力较压差力约小一个量级,流体粘性的影响不可忽略;在垂向载荷中,摩擦力比压差力小很多,在分析时可以忽略流体粘性的影响。由于FPSO始终处于上层流体中,对内孤立波的模拟波形和其诱导流场的影响很小。波浪压差力可利用傅汝德-克雷洛夫公式基于动压力进行计算,而水平载荷中的摩擦力则需根据内孤立波诱导速度的切向分量对FPSO吃水湿表面求积分的方法进行计算。     

基于改进MPS方法的三维时域水弹性计算模型

本文在作者已有的二维改进MPS(Moving Particle Semi-implicit)方法基础上进行了三维拓展(主要包括三维自由面粒子判断),并通过将计算得到的三维溃坝问题结果与文献中实验结果相对比,验证了所发展模型的准确性。在结构响应计算方面,将刚性和柔性模态耦合并计及相互影响。在此基础上,将流体和结构部分通过迭代方式耦合,从而实现强流固耦合计算。最后,应用上述模型对涉及大刚体位移叠加弹性变形的三维方梁的强非线性时域水弹性问题进行了计算,验证了模型对此类问题的有效性。     

耦合运动下液货舱晃荡压力预报研究

针对液货船舱晃荡载荷预报问题,进行了单自由度简谐运动激励下液舱模型试验,研究冲击压力特性,并选择70%H装载水平工况开展数值计算比较,结合试验结果得到计算预报的修正系数,同时用简单解耦方法根据单自由度修正系数对纵横摇耦合运动下的压力计算结果进行修正,所得结果可为晃荡载荷工程评估提供参考。     

X型船艉管冷却系统改造设计

我厂建造的X型船艉管冷却系统冷却水由主机机带海水泵冷却主机后提供,冷却、冲刷橡胶轴承后排出舱外.由于X型船受多泥沙、多海生物且频繁进出浅水港等航行环境的影响,泥沙等杂质易进入冷却系统,导致橡胶轴承烧损,轴系铜套被严重划伤.为了避免类似事故再次发生,通过总体分析故障原因,根据系统的理论计算,对艉管冷却系统进行改造设计,并通过实船试验进行验证,确保改造后系统具有良好的可靠性及安全性.     

基于ALE的矿粉货物液化晃荡问题并行数值模拟

含水量较高的矿粉货物在海上运输过程中易出现液化,形成自由表面并使晃荡现象加剧,严重威胁船舶运输安全。针对船载液化矿粉晃动和舱壁冲击问题,采用ALE有限元方法对其进行了细致建模和计算模拟,从三维角度考察了在船舱一定装载率和运动状态下液化矿粉的晃荡现象和特性;同时,借助不同仿真软件,对计算结果的合理性和准确性进行了相互比对和分析。模型求解借助了高性能计算资源,以解决问题求解时间长和多组计算工况带来的大规模计算需求;结合所建计算模型特点和流固耦合特性,研究了多核环境下两种不同区域分解策略和实现方式,通过并行计算性能数据比较分析,以探求更为合理的并行加速策略。     

LNG船液舱围护系统结构极限承载力研究

在船舶尺度和营运状态与传统条件发生很大变化的情况下,大型液化天然气船(LNG)液舱晃荡研究显得尤为重要。本文首先介绍了LNG船液舱围护系统的结构特点,然后以15.68万立方LNG船液舱围护系统结构为对象,采用非线性有限元方法计算其极限强度,并比较分析3种边界条件下的结果,最后用试验和解析公式验证本文方法是可行的,适用于工程设计。     

小型液货船惰性气体系统最新动向

防止油船和化学品船火灾及爆炸事故一直是IMO关注的问题,同时也是油轮公司和化学品船公司日常安全管理的重点之一。液货船(包括油船、化学品船和液化气体船)在海上航行或在货物操作期间,可能发生各种不可预测的因素,存在着很多巨大的火灾或爆炸危险性。为确保安全,避免航行及货物操作期间各种不可预测因素的影响,只有在液货船,如油船上安装惰性气体系统,并对船员作全面培训,才能减少甚至防止事故的发生。     

大连港内陆“散改集”的技术创新

为提高内陆散粮的装卸效率,大连港集装箱发展有限公司开发了"散改集"装卸工艺,并研发了门式倾转机。介绍内陆"散改集"主要工艺和该公司对工艺的改革和创新。介绍了门式倾转机的功能与特点。该研究成果取得良好的经济效益和社会效益,可为其它港口和行业提供技术借鉴。     

Experimental and numerical study on tuned liquid dampers for controlling earthquake response of jacket offshore platform

Earthquake loading has to be considered when the offshore platform is constructed in active fault zone. Tuned liquid dampers (TLD) have been proposed to control the dynamic response of structures. Liquid sloshing experiments on cylinder tank show the sloshing happens more seriously when the frequency of external excitation is close to the fundamental sloshing frequency of liquid. Lumped mass method is employed to numerically analyze the controlling earthquake effect on TLD. Based on TLDs the feasibility to control earthquake response of jacket platform is studied and applied to CB32A oil tank platform. Using extra TLDs in CB32A to control the seismic response of the platform is researched by the model test and numerical simulation. Lumped mass method can simulate the behavior of TLD during earthquake very well and gives close numerical results compared with those from model experiments. It has been found that the ratio of the fundamental sloshing frequency of liquid to the natural frequency of platform is the key factor to control earthquake response. The larger ratio of water-mass to platform-mass is also useful to reduce vibration as well.