钢板桩挡土结构加固方法研究

基于天津港某码头钢板桩在恶劣海洋环境下出现的严重锈蚀破损现象,采用ANSYS有限元建立了钢板桩结构与土相互作用的数值计算模型,分析了钢板桩在锈蚀及局部破损状况下的结构安全性。通过对帽板加固法、局部外包法的有限元计算分析,得到了以上2种加固方案下的土体变位和钢板桩受力情况,并结合经济性和施工可行性等指标推荐局部外包法为最优加固方案。     

港口工程钢筋混凝土结构性能退化模型研究

根据应力和氯离子共同作用下港口工程混凝土结构的性能退化机理,确定了描述结构性能退化的参数：以承载 力描述结构安全性退化,以刚度和纵向裂缝描述结构适用性退化。考虑了应力大小、持续时间和氯离子对结构性能的综合 影响,提出了港口工程钢筋混凝土结构钢筋锈蚀率计算模型。以钢筋锈蚀率为表征参数,通过理论分析和室内试验,建立 了港工钢筋混凝土结构承载力衰减模型、纵向裂缝开展模型和刚度退化模型。     

港口工程钢筋混凝土结构性能退化模型研究

根据应力和氯离子共同作用下港口工程混凝土结构的性能退化机理,确定了描述结构性能退化的参数:以承载力描述结构安全性退化,以刚度和纵向裂缝描述结构适用性退化。考虑了应力大小、持续时间和氯离子对结构性能的综合影响,提出了港口工程钢筋混凝土结构钢筋锈蚀率计算模型。以钢筋锈蚀率为表征参数,通过理论分析和室内试验,建立了港工钢筋混凝土结构承裁力衰减模型、纵向裂缝开展模型和刚度退化模型。     

某栈桥的建造、维修历史及其耐久性状况

青岛地区受海水侵蚀的混凝土结构破坏的主要原因是氯离子侵入引发的钢筋腐蚀。传统的对盐污染结构简单地涂覆涂层这种局部修补方式不能有效地解决氯离子诱发的钢筋腐蚀问题，采用渗入型钢筋阻锈剂是一种有效的修复新技术.     

基于电化学综合法的混凝土中钢筋锈蚀检测与评价

通过室内试验和工程实际应用,研究了基于电化学综合法的混凝土结构中钢筋锈蚀检测与评价技术。首先通过3组试件试验研究不同腐蚀条件、不同测试条件对混凝土电阻率、半电池电位和腐蚀电流密度3种电化学检测结果的影响规律,得到电化学综合法检测混凝土中钢筋锈蚀状况的递进式评定准则。以某高桩码头检测项目为依托,采用电化学综合法对混凝土中钢筋锈蚀状况进行检测,并根据该递进式评定准则对钢筋锈蚀情况进行综合评价。结果表明,基于电化学综合法的混凝土中钢筋锈蚀检测与评价技术可有效提高钢筋锈蚀状况检测的准确性和可靠性。     

钢板桩式接岸结构锈损与力悃研究

结合工程实例,采用现场检测、化学分析和有限元分析等技术手段对接岸结构钢板桩锈损破坏的环境条件、破损特点、形成机理、影响程度和加固方法进行研究。检测数据表明,接岸结构钢板桩锈损主要表现为局部锈蚀成洞。认为接岸结构钢板桩在泥面附近局部腐蚀的主要原因是电化学腐蚀,另外水流冲蚀、空泡腐蚀、砂石磨蚀也是重要影响因素。对钢板桩完好、锈蚀和局部锈损情况的变形、受力分析表明,钢板桩锈损已导致接岸结构的安全处于不确定状态,应立即采取修复补强措施。并进一步提出局部外包法加固方案,加固后接岸结构的变形和受力均可满足要求。     

Analysis of corrosion risk due to chloride diffusion for concrete structures in marine environment

The chloride-induced steel corrosion is one of the main causes of deterioration for reinforced concrete structures exposed to marine environments. The chloride ingress into reinforced concrete structures is even more complex since it depends on random parameters linked to transport and chemical properties of materials, which results in variability of corrosion initiation. This variation raises the need of statistical approaches to evaluate the risk of corrosion initiation due to chloride ingress. To address this issue, we use sensitivity analysis to identify the influence of input parameters on critical length of time before corrosion initiation predicted by our chloride diffusion model. Exceedance probabilities of corrosion initiation time given that input parameters exceed certain thresholds were also calculated. Results showed that the corrosion initiation time was most sensitive to: chloride effective diffusion coefficient D_e in concrete, that is a parameter controllable by relevant stakeholders; surface chloride concentration C_s, a non-controllable parameter depending on surrounding conditions. Reducing the chloride diffusion coefficient enables us to postpone the maintenance of structures. However, the interaction between controllable parameters and non-controllable surrounding conditions was revealed influential on the reliability of results. For instance, the probability that corrosion initiation time exceeds 15 years given an effective diffusion coefficient (D_e) equal to 0.1 × 10⁻¹² m²⋅s-1 can vary from 19 to 41% according to stochastic variations of chloride concentrations (C_s) values. Postponing the corrosion initiation time was combined with a decreasing probability of its occurrence.     

混凝土保护层厚度施工允许偏差

钢筋腐蚀是造成水运工程钢筋混凝土破损的主要原因之一,混凝土保护层是保证钢筋延迟开始腐蚀时间的重要屏障。文中对混凝土保护层厚度施工允许偏差的确定进行了研究和讨论,以合理有效地控制混凝土保护层厚度施工允许偏差,提高水运工程混凝土结构使用寿命。     

氯离子侵蚀下混合纤维增强钢筋混凝土损伤规律

混合纤维增韧混凝土具有很好的耐久性。针对PVA和UPE混合纤维混凝土,采用高浓度氯离子溶液进行120 d侵蚀试验,并结合三维数值模拟技术,预测分析氯离子侵蚀前后钢筋混凝土梁的承载力和损伤变化规律。结果表明,无纤维混凝土和纤维体积含量为0.2%(其中0.1%PVA和0.1%UPE)的混凝土受海水侵蚀后脆性增加,峰值应力和对应的应变减小;但掺加纤维能降低混凝土梁遭受氯离子侵蚀的抗弯曲承载能力的损失率和峰值应力对应的应变损失率,同时增加梁的韧性;加载位移为20 mm时,海水侵蚀后有纤维的梁最终拉伸损伤比无纤维的梁最终拉伸损伤减小4.9%,最终压缩损伤比无纤维的梁最终压缩损伤减小16.2%。     

对水运工程钢筋混凝土结构实体保护层作用的认识

钢筋腐蚀是造成水运工程钢筋混凝土破损的主要原因之一，混凝土保护层是保证钢筋延迟开始腐蚀的重要屏障。认识保护层的主要作用，对提高水运工程混凝土结构使用寿命具有重要意义。     

Corrosion of working chains continuously immersed in seawater

Chains used in the offshore industry typically are exposed to continued high rates of corrosion, in part due to the working of the chain not permitting a build up of protective rusts. Herein, a procedure is described for estimating the corrosion loss of low-alloy steel chain under continued immersion corrosion conditions. The procedure is based on extensive recent investigations of the effects of water temperature, salinity, water velocity, and surface roughness on steel corrosion under field conditions. Since the working of the chain does not allow corrosion products (rust) to build up on the critical contact surfaces, erosion due to wear and abrasion can be estimated separately. Two example applications are given.     

海洋环境下钢筋混凝土构件抗力随时间变化模型研究

考虑混凝土强度变化、钢筋锈蚀过程、混凝土碳化和钢筋锈蚀引起的混凝土与钢筋之间粘结能力的改变等因素,建立了高桩码头钢筋混凝土构件抗力随时间变化的随机过程模型。通过算例研究了混凝土碳化、氯离子侵蚀、混凝土强度、构件所处水位等对高桩码头钢筋混凝土构件抗力的影响。并提出海洋环境条件和使用荷载作用下钢筋混凝土构件的累积损伤、裂缝宽度计算方法、裂缝宽度对氯离子侵蚀速度的影响、以及钢筋混凝土码头健康状态诊断方法等。     

高桩码头纵梁维修加固方法及对比

20世纪70～80年代修建的高桩码头由于长期处于氯盐侵蚀的环境中,码头浪溅区梁板钢筋容易发生锈蚀膨胀,进而引起混凝土纵向开裂、脱落。为保证码头结构安全需要对此类型的梁进行维修加固,基于实际码头维修加固工程对加大梁截面和粘贴碳纤维布两种维修加固方法进行介绍,从应用范围、施工效率、质量及成本4个方面对两种方法进行对比分析。结果表明,加大截面法比粘贴碳纤维布法的适用范围更广泛,但在施工效率、成本、施工难易及质量可控性等方面,粘贴碳纤维布法具有明显优势。     

不同应力状态下钢筋混凝土梁加速腐蚀试验研究*

开展了不同应力状态下钢筋混凝土梁电解液加速腐蚀试验,研究了加速腐蚀试验中通电时间、钢筋腐蚀率和荷载水平等外界条件对试验构件力学性能的影响,分析了钢筋锈蚀过程中梁截面应变变化和锈蚀裂缝产生情况,为进一步开展应力状态下钢筋混凝土梁的研究提供了试验参考。     

Time-variant bulk carrier reliability analysis in pure bending intact and damage conditions

Time-variant reliability analysis of a corroded bulk carrier in intact and damage conditions is performed by First-Order (FORM), Second-Order (SORM) Reliability Methods and Importance Sampling simulation. Annual failure probabilities are determined up to 25-year ship lifetime, accounting for time-variant corrosion wastage of structural members contributing to hull girder strength. Statistical properties of hull girder capacity are determined by Monte Carlo simulation, applying three correlation models among corrosion wastages of structural members contributing to hull girder strength, namely no correlation, full correlation and full correlation among wastages of structural members belonging to the same category of compartments. A modified incremental-iterative method is applied, to account for instantaneous neutral axis rotation, in case of asymmetrical damage conditions, as for collision and grounding events. Incidence of intact/damage condition, as well as correlation among corrosion wastages, on annual sagging/hogging time-variant failure probability is investigated and discussed. Time-variant sensitivity analyses for intact and damage conditions are also performed, to investigate the incidence of random variables' uncertainties on the attained failure probability. Finally, the bulk carrier section scheme, benchmarked in the last ISSC Report, is applied as test case.     

高桩码头方桩维修加固技术

建设年代较早的混凝土方桩码头,常规维修加固方法很难保证其设计使用寿命。针对这一问题,基于桩基氯离子含量分布情况、桩基保护层厚度和桩基剩余使用年限的计算结果,进行了旧码头桩基耐久性评价研究。采用对旧码头平台方桩桩头局部凿除、重新浇筑,并创新性地应用安装牺牲阳极以阻止方桩钢筋继续锈蚀的技术方案,保证其满足耐久性使用要求。实践证明该方案切实可行,既避免了旧桩基全部拆除、节省了投资,又成功地将牺牲阳极技术应用于混凝土方桩防腐。     

钢筋坑蚀对混凝土柱偏压性能的影响

坑蚀是混凝土钢筋锈蚀的主要形式之一。与钢筋均匀锈蚀相比,钢筋坑蚀具有显著的不确定性和更大的截面损失等特点,对混凝土构件的性能具有一定的影响。借助Monte Carlo模拟,分析了锈蚀钢筋混凝土柱的偏压抗力性能,研究了钢筋坑蚀对混凝土偏压柱承载能力的影响。结果表明,钢筋坑蚀的随机性对柱的可靠性有很大影响,钢筋坑蚀构件承载力的下降速度比均匀锈蚀更快,对柱的耐久性具有潜在危害。     

碳钢、低合金钢全浸没海洋环境下最大点蚀深度简化模型

腐蚀是导致老龄船舶结构失效的主要原因之一。结合基本点蚀原理,文章对碳钢、低合金钢海水全浸没点蚀的主要影响因素、具体点蚀进程做了简要解释与评述。基于Melchers点蚀深度模型及其相关实验数据,文中提出一种简化形式的新型点蚀最大深度模型,并采用该模型对三组我国船舶结构常用碳钢、低合金钢的青岛海域全浸没点蚀试验观测数据进行分析。通过对比验证,证明采用Weibull函数表示点蚀最大深度随时间变化关系是合适的。此外,依据青岛、厦门、榆林海域碳钢试验数据,文中还对海水环境因素,如:溶解氧浓度、平均温度、盐度、PH值等,以及钢材成分变化对新型最大点蚀深度模型各参数的影响进行了初步探讨,得出了相应的函数关系式及相关结论。     

Effect of WO<Subscript>3</Subscript> nanoparticle loading on the microstructural,mechanical and corrosion resistance of Zn matrix/TiO<Subscript>2</Subscript>-WO<Subscript>3</Subscript> nanocomposite coatings for marine application

In this study, for marine application purposes, we evaluated the effect of process parameter and particle loading on the microstructure, mechanical reinforcement and corrosion resistance properties of a Zn-TiO₂-WO₃ nanocomposite produced via electrodeposition. We characterized the morphological properties of the composite coatings with a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) equipped with an Energy Dispersive Spectrometer (EDS). We carried out mechanical examination using a Dura Scan hardness tester and a CERT UMT-2 multi-functional tribological tester. We evaluated the corrosion properties by linear polarization in 3.5% NaCl. The results show that the coatings exhibited good stability and the quantitative particle loading greatly enhanced the structural and morphological properties, hardness behavior and corrosion resistance of the coatings. We observed the precipitation of this alloy on steel is greatly influenced by the composite characteristics.     

舰用蒸汽动力装置特有的环境适应性

讨论了装备环境适应性的概念及其与可靠性概念的关系,鉴于现有研究集中于解释装备为何在特定环境中不能正常工作的特点,指出了舰用蒸汽动力装置环境适应性概念与度量的特殊性,继而对海水温度、大气温度和湿度、水深和风浪等因素对舰用蒸汽动力装置的特殊影响进行了分析,得到了装备环境适应性的新案例。