Numerical Modelling for the Hydraulic Performance Prediction of Automotive Monotube Dampers

A computer model of an automotive monotube damper is developed based on fundamental principles of mechanics. The model can identify the required damper valve and/or size for the desired performance and hence speed the design process. Also, a parametric study can be easily conducted to understand the effects of parameters on the performance. A typical monotube damper is introduced and numerical formulations are described. Satisfactory agreement is achieved between model results and test data for a wide range of parameters including stroke conditions, valve combinations, and gas charge pressure. Some of these results are presented including the correlation at low and high speed strokes, cavitation simulation, and thermal effects on the performance.     

筒式液阻减振器工作特性的实验研究

作者制备了一种单筒式减振器实验样品,利用专用振动实验台对其外特性和内特性进行了测试和分析。比较了低速工作条件下油液阻尼力、补偿阻力和摩擦阻力等之间的关系。考察了不同激振频率和幅值条件下减振器工作特性的不同特征及原因,探讨了油液工作温度以及橡胶衬套等的影响。建立了简化的减振器力学模型,据此分析了等效阻尼系数、等效刚度、激振频率、振幅等参数对减振器阻力幅值和滞后角的影响,解释了实验测试中的现象。     

麦弗逊式前悬架液力减振器阻尼特性仿真与试验

分析了某轿车麦弗逊式前悬架液力减振器的结构特点,建立了该减振器阻尼特性的数学模型,分别采用钱氏摄动法和有限元法计算减振器节流阀片的挠曲变形,通过仿真计算得到了相应的减振器阻尼特性,通过台架试验进行了减振器样件的阻尼性能测试。对比分析表明:仿真结果与试验结果基本一致,验证了减振器阻尼特性数学模型的有效性;根据有限元法计算的阀片变形所预测的减振器阻尼特性更接近试验值,研究结果有利于提高液力减振器阻尼特性的计算精度。     

汽车筒式液阻减振器技术的发展

分析了汽车乘坐舒适性／行驶平顺性和操作稳定性对筒式液阻减振器特性的要求，提出汽车在不同行驶工况减振器特性的要求是不的；分析了被动式减振器的发展历程及非充气和充气减振器的特点，阐述了机械控制式可调阻尼减振器，电子控制式减振器以及电流变和磁流变液体减器等的结构特点，工作原理及其动态特性；分析了筒式液阻减振器其于经验设计／实验修正开发方法的缺点，阐述了基于CAD／CAE技术的现代设计开发方法的过程及其关键问题，最后分析了我国筒式液阻减振器技术的发展状况及问题，展望了减振器技术的发展前景。     

基于混合编程技术的可调阻尼减振器性能仿真与试验

建立了分体式充气可调减振器阻尼特性数学模型,运用混合编程方法开发了该减振器阻尼特性的仿真分析软件。利用C Builder语言完成了应用程序模块和用户界面的设计,通过调用MATLAB中的数学函数库和图形函数库,实现了仿真结果的图形绘制功能。运用所开发的仿真软件计算了减振器的阻尼特性,并进行了减振器性能台架试验,仿真结果与试验结果基本一致,从而验证了减振器模型和仿真系统的有效性。     

一种新型汽车减振器优化设计方法研究

在对磁流变液减振器理论模型进行分析的基础上,确定了影响磁流变液减振器性能的结构参数。将磁流变液的非线性磁特性与非牛顿流体力学性能相结合,建立了以降低磁流变液减振器响应时间常数、增加其调节比为目标函数的优化模型。根据优化结果,研制了一种新型车用磁流变液减振器,并进行了验证试验。     

电控气动式可调阻尼减振器的设计与应用

确定了电控气动式可调阻尼减振器在"软"、"硬"阻尼状态下的阻尼力设计目标.设计了以电磁阀和摆动气缸作为驱动机构的电控气动式可调阻尼减振器,通过仿真计算分析了该减振器的阻尼特性.研制了可调阻尼减振器样件并在试验台架上进行了性能测试.结果表明,除后减振器压缩阻力外.其余各项阻尼力试验值与仿真值的平均偏差小于7%,表明减振器的仿真模型有效.将该可调阻尼减振器装车进行的道路平顺性试验表明,与被动式减振器相比,采用可调阻尼减振器可使客车的行驶平顺性得到提高.     

汽车减振器阀系参数建模及CAD软件开发

利用节流压力与流量以及阀片变形之间的关系,建立了减振器阀系参数设计数学模型和优化目标函数.在此基础上,开发了一套减振器阀系参数CAD软件,并对其特点进行分析.通过实例,利用该软件对阀系参数进行CAD设计,并对减振器进行了阻力特性试验,其结果与特性要求值相近.这表明所建立的减振器阀系参数设计模型是正确的,所开发的阀系参数CAD软件是可靠的,对于减振器设计具有实际推广价值.     

一种新型汽车馈能减振器的结构设计与特性分析

简述了馈能减振器结构与工作原理及其主要零部件的选型方法.采用SIMULINK软件建立了馈能减振器模型,并进行了阻尼特性、示功特性和馈能特性分析.仿真结果表明,馈能减振器的阻尼系数可通过串联不同电阻值的负载而进行改变,阻值越小,阻尼系数越大;在相同振幅不同频率的路面位移激励作用下,随着激励频率的增加,馈能减振器相对位移和最大阻尼力随之增大;减振器压缩速度越大,电机转速越快,输出电压越高.     

半主动悬架磁流变液减振器研究

针对Passat B5轿车前悬架,开发了双筒滑阀式磁流变液减振器,提出了簧载质量的绝对速度及其与非簧载质量间的相对运动速度估计算法,利用实测悬架参数和磁流变液减振器的非线性阻尼力特性,建立了带磁流变液减振器的半主动悬架模型。沥青路面试验结果表明:相对于被动悬架,采用磁流变液半主动悬架后车辆平顺性改善大于10%。     

斜拉桥索力监测技术研究与应用

通过对斜拉桥索力监测技术研究成果及工程经验的回顾和总结,研究了目前常用的索力量测方法(即振动频率量测法)的使用范围及带减振器拉索索力量测的缺陷,分析了带橡胶组合减振器拉索的构造特点及力学特性,建立了带橡胶组合减振器拉索的动力学模型,根据能量原理,推导出考虑减振器影响的索力计算公式,并在青岛丹山斜拉桥进行了应用,取得了预期的效果,为同类桥梁的施工控制与运营管理,特别是为带橡胶组合减振器拉索索力监测提供了理论依据与技术保障。     

液压减振器非线性动态仿真和试验

本文建立复杂的减振器台架试验动力学模型,并应用多体系统动力学软件ADAMS开发出双筒液压减振器虚拟样机,进行数值仿真。在虚拟样机中采用的不对称非线性迟滞环足由速度外特性试验曲线拟合而得,突破了常规减振器建模中的速度外特性不对称双线性化模型。比较表明,虚拟样机动态仿真与台架试验结果基本相符。该样机可为优化设计和整车性能匹配提供设计平台。     

车用减振器的外特性建模与仿真

针对某轿车的弹性阀片和弹簧结合型减振器的结构形式，建立了减振器复原行程开阀前、开阀后及压缩行程的阻尼力力学模型，推导出了减振器阻尼力的计算公式，并通过计算机仿真得出该轿车减振器的模拟工作特性。计算机仿真和生产实践证明，所建立的数学模型是正确的，计算方法也符合实际要求。     

基于VC＋＋的双筒武减振器外特性仿真软件开发

根据双筒式减振器的结构特点,依据流体力学和材料力学,总结前人所建立的数学模型,基于VC＋＋开发出双筒式减振器外特性仿真分析软件,通过获取双筒式减振器的重要结构尺寸,输入相关参数,软件可根据内置模型分析出双筒式减振器的外特性——示功特性和速度特性,为减振器设计提供理论参考。     

Simulation Tools,Modelling and Identification,for an Automotive Shock Absorber in the Context of Vehicle Dynamics

For purpose of simulation of vehicle dynamics, a physical model of an automotive shock absorber has been developed and implemented in several software packages for multibody simulations. In the present paper, the damper model structure is shortly elaborated together with some measurement and estimation techniques to retrieve the model parameters, possibly from dynamometer measurements only. These techniques are illustrated on a shock absorber normally used on the front suspension of a BMW series 7.     

Simulation Tools, Modelling and Identification, for an Automotive Shock Absorber in the Context of Vehicle Dynamics

For purpose of simulation of vehicle dynamics, a physical model of an automotive shock absorber has been developed and implemented in several software packages for multibody simulations. In the present paper, the damper model structure is shortly elaborated together with some measurement and estimation techniques to retrieve the model parameters, possibly from dynamometer measurements only. These techniques are illustrated on a shock absorber normally used on the front suspension of a BMW series 7.     

A Thermomechanically Coupled Model for Automotive Shock Absorbers: Theory,Experiments and Vehicle Simulations on Test Tracks

In the development of cars numerical simulation plays a more and more important role. A method commonly used in this context is based on the formalism of multibody dynamics. In this approach a vehicle is described as a system of rigid bodies connected by joints, bushings, springs and dampers. For the purpose of estimating the time-dependent dynamical loads when riding, for example, over potholes or other obstacles we need enhanced models representing the mechanical behavior of the shock absorbers. A model of this type should describe the nonlinear rate dependence of the force in combination with friction effects and thermomechanical coupling phenomena. Due to the dissipation of energy the temperature of the shock absorber increases and influences its damping behavior. When riding over long rugged test tracks these effects are strongly pronounced. Thus we develop a thermomechanical model representing all these phenomena with good approximation and being compatible with the natural laws of thermodynamics. To validate the theory, we investigate the thermomechanical behavior of two automotive shock absorbers in detail. We measure the velocity dependence of the force under different temperature levels as well as the dissipative change in the temperature during cyclic excitations. Finally we carry out a vehicle test on a rugged test track and record the temperature of the front and rear dampers. As we show, the model describes all phenomena with sufficient approximation, especially the evolution of temperature.     

A Thermomechanically Coupled Model for Automotive Shock Absorbers: Theory, Experiments and Vehicle Simulations on Test Tracks

In the development of cars numerical simulation plays a more and more important role. A method commonly used in this context is based on the formalism of multibody dynamics. In this approach a vehicle is described as a system of rigid bodies connected by joints, bushings, springs and dampers. For the purpose of estimating the time-dependent dynamical loads when riding, for example, over potholes or other obstacles we need enhanced models representing the mechanical behavior of the shock absorbers. A model of this type should describe the nonlinear rate dependence of the force in combination with friction effects and thermomechanical coupling phenomena. Due to the dissipation of energy the temperature of the shock absorber increases and influences its damping behavior. When riding over long rugged test tracks these effects are strongly pronounced. Thus we develop a thermomechanical model representing all these phenomena with good approximation and being compatible with the natural laws of thermodynamics. To validate the theory, we investigate the thermomechanical behavior of two automotive shock absorbers in detail. We measure the velocity dependence of the force under different temperature levels as well as the dissipative change in the temperature during cyclic excitations. Finally we carry out a vehicle test on a rugged test track and record the temperature of the front and rear dampers. As we show, the model describes all phenomena with sufficient approximation, especially the evolution of temperature.     

某车型减振器支架断裂原因分析及改进方案

悬架系统的减振器支架作为连接车架及减振器的零件,在车辆运行过程中,因受到减振器的拉力及压力,经常导致断裂失效,致使减振器无法正常工作。文章以某车型减振器支架的故障断裂为例,采用HyperMesh有限元分析方法对支架进行应力分析,计算结果表明:支架最大应力384MPa,应力最大位置与故障件断裂位置吻合,因此,判断支架因强度不足导致的断裂。针对支架的断裂原因,提出了3种加强改进方案,从应力、重量、成本、整改周期等因素考虑,选择最优的改进方案。整改后的减振器支架3年内售后故障率为0,达到预期效果,整改方案有效。     

扩张喷管与收缩喷管中空化现象的数值模拟

对扩张与收缩喷管中的空化特性进行了数值模拟研究,综述了空化现象的基础理论,建立了喷油器的几何模型;确定了运算的物理和数学模型以及相关条件;重点研究了在同一工况下,不同喷管扩张系数对喷管中空化流的影响,模拟了不同喷管扩张系数下喷管中空化现象的特征;总结出喷管的扩张系数对喷管中空化流的影响规律。数值计算结果表明,扩张喷孔随着扩张程度的加大,空化现象加剧,而收缩喷孔则不利空化的产生。