广义公共自行车在中国城市交通体系中的作用

为了更有效理解并引导广义公共自行车服务在中国城市的发展,本文回顾了广义的公共自行车服务在中国城市中的发展历程。基于多年积累的调查数据,结合相关研究的成果,从历史发展变化的角度,研究广义的公共自行车服务在中国城市交通体系中的作用,并且从城市建设与管理的角度,提出未来的发展建议。     

发挥主编单位作用 稳步推进项目实施——国家标准《城市公共自行车交服务规范》编制体会

<正>"随着城市公共自行车交通服务系统的发展,迫切需要有标准可依,以达到服务质量目标化、服务方法规范化和服务过程程序化,促进这个新兴的交通体系为广大市民提供更优质的服务。"城市交通是市民生活、工作的重要组成部分,随着城市化进程的发展,人口增加、城市地域扩大,交通拥堵和带来的环境问题是目前迫切需要解决的民生问题。城市公共自行车是目前城市交通"可持续发展"和"绿色交通"中产生的新举措,其绿色环保、节能降耗、灵活便捷等优点,受到了广大市民的高度认可。近年来,在巴黎、阿姆斯特丹、哥本哈根、伦敦等一些发达国家的城市纷纷建立了城市公共自行车交通服务系统。国内     

基于一卡通数据的公共自行车慢行系统构建

随着城市的发展,道路交通资源日益紧缺,伴随的环境问题越来越突出,为缓解交通出行紧张压力,满足广大公众出行内需,慢行系统正越来越备受人们的关注与青睐,目前十分流行的共享单车以及传统的公共自行车正是解决城市居民短距离出行的最佳方式。基于以上的问题及出行需求,本文将分析建设城市慢行系统的背景及意义,并初步提出了基于一卡通的公共自行车慢行系统构建模型及其应用模式。     

中山市公共自行车总体规模及站点规模计算

笔者通过四种方法,推算中山市公共自行车租赁系统的总体规模,并通过计算得到不同用地类型的公共自行车需求规模指标,从而给单个站点规模的计算提供依据。本文可为其他城市开展公共自行车租赁系统的规划建设提供参考。     

城市公共自行车租赁站远期发展规模分析

国内外相关研究实践表明,城市公共自行车租赁系统是破解城市交通问题的有力措施,但是在初始确定公共自行车租赁站时具有一定盲目性和平均非配性,导致部分站点服务能力不能满足服务要求,而其他站点能力过剩,文章通过建立城市公共自行车租赁系统马氏链模型求解各个站点所必需具备的服务能力,为政府决策提供一定得帮助。     

柳州市公共自行车租赁系统管理研究

文章通过分析柳州市公共自行车租赁系统运营中存在的问题,明确了自行车交通在城市交通体系中的功能定位,从综合交通管理体制、站点管理和优化租赁程序等方面,提出了改善柳州市公共自行车租赁系统的相关建议。     

城市公共自行车租赁点配置规模方法研究

目前,公共自行车在大中型城市蓬勃发展,同时也暴露出租赁点停车桩和车辆配置数量不合理等问题。为使城市公共自行车系统的循环运行效率提高,租赁点停车桩和车辆初始数量的安排至关重要。本文借助交通调查对现有租赁点的高峰小时借还车数进行统计,建立租赁点车辆优化配置双层规划模型,求解各租赁点最佳公共自行车数目和停车桩数目。并以成都市凯德广场片区作为实例进行分析,最终优化了10个公共自行车租赁点的停车桩和车辆的配置规模。     

城市公共自行车一卡式服务平台研究

绿色城市是城市现代化的主要标志,是城市发展的必然选择。改善生态环境、促进资源能源节约、倡导绿色交通已成为现阶段关注的核心问题。本文以搭建城市公共自行车一卡式服务平台为视角,通过分析搭建城市公共自行车一卡式服务平台对于打造绿色城市名片的必要性,从而提出了搭建城市公共自行车一卡式服务平台打造绿色城市名片的可行性。为方便城市居民生活出行,建设绿色城市的可持续发展而努力。     

自行车在山地城市应用的可行性探究

随着中国城镇化、机动化水平的提高,"以车为本"的交通发展导向已经暴露出了诸多的弊端。为了有效缓解山地城市交通的拥堵问题以及环境污染问题,本文分析了自行车在山地城市发展的重要意义,并且从环境、交通、社会以及经济四个方面详细阐述了自行车交通在山地城市运用的可行性以及注意事项,从而促进山地城市自行车系统的良好发展,倡导山城市民拥有绿色低碳出行的理念。     

汽车租赁企业缘何屡当“替罪羊”?

像租一辆公共自行车一样,租辆电动汽车代步,已然在中国的很多城市落地开花。这种城市公共系统从"两个"车轮迅速升级到"四个"的过程。据中国道路运输协会和有关咨询机构的统计,2011年全国租赁车辆约25万辆,营业额150亿元。目前,我国多数城镇都已开展汽车租赁业务,其中,北京、上海、广州、深圳等城市的汽车租赁发展水平已接近欧美发达国家。然而,在多起租赁车辆承租人发生交通违章时,公安交通管理部门在执法中"罚车不罚人"由汽车租赁企     

高速公路改扩建工程水土保持监测与评价

开展水土流失监测是水土保持监管的重要手段。文章以广西沿海高速公路改扩建工程一期工程水土保持监测实践为例,分析了工程建设水土流失特点,介绍了水土保持监测技术和方法,并通过对工程实例监测结果的分析评价,提出了水土保持监测工作中易出现的问题及相应的解决方案。     

Logsums for utility-maximizers and regret-minimizers,and their relation with desirability and satisfaction

This paper studies to what extent the Logsum-measure of user benefits relates to travelers’ perceptions of choice set-desirability and choice-satisfaction. Knowing these relations is important since researchers have recently started to analyze and interpret user benefits in general – and Logsums in specific – in terms of these more behaviorally oriented notions, rather than in terms of expected utility. Participants to a stated route choice experiment were asked to indicate, after each choice made, to what extent they considered the choice set to be desirable, or to what extent they were satisfied with the chosen alternative. These measurements were correlated with Logsums that were computed for each choice situation. In addition, the paper derives a regret-based Logsum (which gives the expected regret of a choice situation) and presents a comparison with its utilitarian counterpart. Also for this regret-based Logsum, correlations with desirability- and satisfaction-ratings are computed. As a general finding, it appears that all computed correlations are rather weak. This suggests that, at least in the context of our data, the utility-based Logsum and its regret-based counterpart appear to have only a fairly weak connection with the behavioral notions of choice set-desirability and choice-satisfaction.     

公路与水路运输节能减排量化分析和比较

通过研究汽车与船舶的油耗特点,结合燃油种类与CO_2排放量的关系,建立了计算公路运输与水路运输单位耗油量与单位CO_2排放量的数学模型。通过敏感性分析,研究车速或航速与载货率对车辆或船舶单位CO_2排放量的影响。以从厦门港到盐田港的干散货运输为例,做了节能减排计算分析,并将结果与用其他方法获得的结果对比。在此基础上,对公路运输与水路运输节能减排做了敏感性分析研究,可以计算出能够体现水路运输节能减排优势的临界货运量。结果表明本文中介绍的方法能够为核算、比较公路运输与水路运输的节能减排效果提供更科学的量化参考。     

Resilience and accessibility of Swedish and Dutch municipalities

Recent years have shown a rising popularity of the concept of resilience—both theoretically and empirically—in complex systems analysis. There is also a rising literature on resilience in the transport and spatial-economic field. The pluriform interpretation of resilience (e.g., engineering vs. ecological resilience) is related to methodological differences (e.g., stability in dynamics vs. evolutionary adaptivity). But in all cases the fundamental question is whether a complex system that is subjected to an external shock is able to recover, and if so, to which extent. The present paper [Based on presentation from cluster 6 (Accessibility) of the Nectar 2015 conference in Ann Arbour, USA.] aims to add a new dimension to resilience analysis in spatial systems, by addressing in particular the relationship between spatial accessibility at a municipality level and the resilience outcomes of the spatial system concerned. It does so by investigating to which extent accessibility of Swedish and Dutch municipalities has mitigated the local shock absorption from the recent economic recession. In our study the shock absorption capacity of municipal accessibility is estimated by analysing the relevant resilience indicators for the period concerned. In this context, conventional resilience indicators based on either multivariate complex data (in particular, the Foster Resilience Capacity Index) or employment data (in particular, the Martin Resilience-Employment Index) are confronted with spatial connectivity data based on local accessibility measures, so that geographical mobility may be regarded as one of the shock-mitigating factors. The empirical analysis is carried out for two countries which have both proven to be rather shock-resistant during the recent economic crisis, viz. Sweden and The Netherlands. Clearly, the geographical structure of these countries forms a sharp mutual contrast, viz. a spatially dispersed economy with a few distinct urban concentrations versus a spatially dense economy with one major metropolitan centre (the Randstad), respectively. Our experiments are carried out for the 290 municipalities in Sweden and 40 COROPs in The Netherlands. Our research findings show relevant and new insights into differences in the local recovery potential in Sweden and The Netherlands.     

材料节约与循环利用专项行动计划技术成果简介

当前，加快建设资源节约型、环境友好型社会已提升为国家战略。交通运输部为加快建设资源节约型、环境友好型交通，组织开展了“材料节约与循环利用专项行动计划”。通过专项行动大力推广路面再生技术、废胎胶粉筑路应用技术、机制砂混凝土技术以及聚合物改性水泥混凝土技术等西部交通建设科技项目成果，以为交通建设资源的高效利用和循环使用提供示范。本刊现以专栏形式介绍上述成果的相关内容，以飨读者。     

隧道及地下工程结构防排水技术的发展和应用

文章总结了大瑶山隧道修建以来其复合式衬砌结构防排水试验研究和应用情况,介绍了塑料防水隔离层的防水机理及各种防水型式的优缺点,提出了改进建议.     

互联互通,走向繁荣

设施联通是"一带一路"国际合作高峰论坛六个平行主题会议之一,以"互联互通、走向繁荣"为主题,各国共商共议交通、能源、通信等设施联通务实合作。随着未来全球范围内基础设施的升级换代和互联互通,交通、能源与通信技术融合发展,催生新的业态,是拉动经济增长的新动能。在新一代基础设施网络体系的建设中,后发国家面临跨越发展的难得机遇,中国基础设施发展的经验具有重要借鉴意义。     

Subjective well-being and travel: retrospect and prospect

Although the improvement of well-being is often an implicitly-assumed goal of many, if not most, public policies, the study of subjective well-being (SWB) and travel has so far been confined to a relatively small segment of the travel behavior community. Accordingly, one main purpose of this paper is to introduce a larger share of the community to some fundamental SWB-related concepts and their application in transportation research, with the goal of attracting others to this rewarding area of study. At the same time, however, I also hope to offer some useful reflections to those already working in this field. After discussing some basic issues of terminology and measurement of SWB, I present from the literature four conceptual models relating travel and subjective well-being. Following one of those models, I review five ways in which travel can influence well-being. I conclude by examining some challenges associated with assessing the impacts of travel on well-being, as well as challenges associated with applying what we learn to policy.