12m大客车侧面碰撞安全性分析

建立了被撞大客车车身骨架、撞击大客车车身骨架和撞击货车有限元模型，运用ANSYS／LS—DYNA软件，分别模拟了撞击大客车与被撞大客车和撞击货车与被撞大客车侧面碰撞．并从侧面碰撞位置、骨架结构变形、乘员生存空间、碰撞速度和加速度方面分析了被撞大客车侧面碰撞安全性。     

大客车车身骨架碰撞仿真分析

在ANSYS／LS-DYNA中建立了大客车车身骨架正面碰撞有限元计算模型，并在普通计算机上完成了整车与刚性壁的碰撞仿真计算，从结构变形、乘员生存空间和碰撞加速度三个方面分析了车身骨架的耐撞性问题，讨论了改进方法和措施。     

蒙皮对客车侧面碰撞仿真精度的影响

建立某大客车无蒙皮的客车骨架有限元模型和附带侧围及顶盖蒙皮的有限元模型,对该车与货车的侧面碰撞进行仿真分析.结果表明,在客车侧面碰撞过程中,蒙皮起到了加强整车结构耐撞性和缓冲吸收部分碰撞能量的作用.因此,为提高客车侧面碰撞仿真结果的精确度和可信度,不应忽略蒙皮的影响.     

基于承载式客车的正面碰撞性能仿真研究

以某型承载式大客车为研究对象,利用有限元法和非线性理论建立整车有限元模型,通过通用显式动力分析软件对其100％正面碰撞进行仿真计算,研究该承载式车身骨架结构的变形大小以及变形特点,并对乘员的生存空间进行分析比较,评价该客车耐撞性与安全性能,并为进一步研究改进客车耐撞性能提供相关参考。     

基于子结构拓扑优化的大客车耐撞性改进

提出了一种基于子结构拓扑优化的大客车车身骨架耐撞性改进设计方法。首先通过测试和仿真进行某承载式大客车耐撞性评价,分析车身结构变形的症结;提取前端驾驶区骨架为子结构,以其碰撞吸能量相同为等效条件,进行子结构耐撞性分析与改进;接着为控制子结构的局部失稳变形,以吸能盒碰撞力峰值为载荷条件,进行子结构空间区域拓扑优化,完成8组改进方案的对比分析,选取质量最轻的达标方案进行台车实验验证;最后将该方案导入整车结构中进行耐撞性改进验证。结果表明:整车的耐撞性得到有效提高。     

基于摆锤撞击试验的大客车前部框架结构改进设计

为了改善大客车框架的耐撞性，改进了车身前框架结构，建立了仿真的有限元汽车模型，进行了数值仿真实验。针对国内在产的某型号客车，参照欧洲经济委员会ECE—R29法规的摆锤撞击试验，利用软件LS—DYNA计算了客车框架在前碰撞中的位移和加速度。对客车骨架不同材料和厚度进行正交实验，优化车身结构耐撞性能。结果表明：采用改进方案...     

汽车侧面碰撞安全性研究探讨

文中对比分析了美国FMVSS214和欧洲ECER95法规,阐述了我国汽车侧面碰撞的乘员保护标准(GB20071-2006)的相关内容。在汽车侧面碰撞研究方法上,说明了FMVSS214和ECER95法规中移动变形壁障的几何尺寸,以及ECER95法规中移动变形壁障的力的变形特性,并且在汽车车身结构方面对提高汽车侧面碰撞安全性的措施进行了探讨,概述了一些提高车身结构抗撞性的措施。     

客车蒙皮对侧翻碰撞仿真结果的影响

参照ECE/R66法规和我国GB/T17578-1998法规中的相关试验要求,建立了某6120型高床大客车车身骨架有限元模型和带蒙皮的整车车身有限元模型,通过车身立柱变形量和能量吸收情况两项指标,对比分析客车蒙皮对侧翻碰撞仿真分析结果的影响程度.仿真分析结果表明:客车蒙皮在侧翻碰撞仿真分析中对车身前后端立柱的变形量影响...     

某车门碰撞性能分析及结构优化研究

利用有限元分析软件Hypermesh和LS-DYNA建立某SRV白车身车门有限元模型,进行车门有限元碰撞仿真分析.针对该车门侧面抗撞性能差的情况,采用拼焊板对车门外板进行结构改进,提高车门抗撞性能,保证乘员的安全.     

轿车侧面柱碰撞和可变形壁障碰撞试验研究

为研究侧面柱碰及侧面可变形壁障碰撞试验特点,选取某B级轿车分别进行了Euro-NCAP中侧面柱碰试验和C-NCAP侧面可变形壁障（AE-MDB）试验。分析了车身加速度以及假人伤害特点,结果表明：侧面柱碰撞相比可变形壁障碰撞对乘员有更大的损伤风险,车身加速度更大,车身侵入量更大、局部变形更严重。为减少侧面碰撞伤害,需要增加碰撞侧车身局部强度,避免小区域重叠刚性碰撞。     

东风某客车侧翻仿真研究

建立了东风汽车公司某客车车身有限元模型,并通过模态仿真计算,初步验证该模型的有效性。在此基础上对该车型进行了侧翻仿真模拟,并参考国标相关法规对该客车结构安全性进行了评估。根据仿真结果,提出了对该客车结构的改进建议,并通过改进后的仿真模拟分析,进一步验证了结构改进能有效地降低该客车侧翻时的侧围变形,从而提高车内乘客的安全性。     

Mazda 6轿车的车身设计特点分析

详尽地阐述了Mazda6轿车的车身设计特点：具有新颖的动感外形；内饰设计充分运用人机工程学和视觉工程学的理论方法，展现出宽敞的空间和独特的风格；装备了完整的车身附件及安全装备；车门采用模块化设计。具体介绍了Mazda6轿车车身的防碰撞结构，该车型能够满足55km／h正面碰撞、55km／h侧面碰撞以及美国的80km／h斜后碰撞要求。     

混合动力客车侧面耐撞性分析

建立东风EQ6110HEV6混合动力客车和某MPV有限元模型,基于美国公共交通协会(APTA)对侧面碰撞要求,联合HyperWorks和LS-DYNA软件建立了混合动力客车与MPV侧面碰撞的有限元模型,仿真计算了MPV以40km/h的速度从侧面90°撞击该混合动力客车。以该混合动力客车结构变形、各测点加速度值、乘员生存空间侵入量为评价指标,分析了该混合动力客车侧面耐撞性能,为客车碰撞安全性的判定提供参考。     

Optimization of bus rollover strength by consideration of the energy absorption ability

Buses are an integral part of the national transportation system of each country. A rollover event is one of the most important hazards that concerns the safety of the passengers and the crew in a bus. In the past, it was observed after the accident that the deforming superstructure seriously threatens the lives of the passengers. Thus, the stiffness of the bus frame is the first thing that needs to be considered. The unfortunate side of strengthening the bus superstructure is that it usually causes the bus weight to increase. This paper presents an efficient and robust analysis method with which to design the bus superstructure for a reduction in occupant injuries from rollover accidents while the weight of the strengthened bus is maintained at the same level. First, the absorbed energy of the bus frame and its components during a rollover were investigated by using a LS-DYNA numerical study. The highest energy absorption region, which is the side section of the bus frame, was found and focused on for the investigation of a means to re-distribute the energy-absorption ability of the side frame component. Then the thickness parameters that were obtained from the re-distribution of the energy-absorption ability were used in the analysis to optimize the design. Finally, a prototype of the bus with a reasonable thickness for the window pillars and the side wall bars, which was based on the optimized parameters, was verified to ensure it satisfied ECE R66. In this paper, an effective usage of materials and an efficient and robust analysis method were presented to design the bus superstructure. Although the optimization process for increasing the stiffness is simple, this study improves the upper displacement by 39.9% and the lower displacement by 49.3% (versus the bus survivor space) while maintaining the bus weight at the existing level.     

高速公路平纵线形与事故率的关系及其安全性评价

通过分析高速公路平纵线形指标与事故率的关系,引入线形影响因子,提出了基于线形影响因子的高速公路基本路段安全评价方法。首先,应用回归分析的方法,确定了平曲线半径、平曲线偏角、直线段长度、竖曲线半径及纵坡坡度与事故率的关系,在此基础上分析了弯坡组合、平竖曲线组合以及长大坡组合路段上的事故率。进而,结合事故率与线形的关系,以线形影响因子表征几何线形指标对高速公路事故率的影响,据此评价高速公路的行车安全性。案例分析结果表明,基于线形影响因子确定的危险路段与由实际事故率确定的危险路段具有极高的一致性,达到了81%。      

不同类型偏置碰撞的驾驶员腿部伤害对比研究

为了探讨不同类型偏置碰撞下驾驶员腿部伤害的差异性,本文在对C-NCAP40%偏置碰撞及IIHS 25%小偏置碰撞两种不同类型偏置碰撞试验的试验工况、假人腿部评价指标进行介绍的基础上,对某乘用车车型在上述两种试验下驾驶员的腿部伤害指标进行了对比研究,并从碰撞力的传递路径对其结果进行了分析。结果表明:由于碰撞中车身与壁障重叠率的不同导致不同的碰撞力传递路径,最终导致车身变形的差异。其中,25%小偏置碰撞对车身的破坏程度极大,试验后驾驶员侧的A柱严重变形,车身结构大量侵入到车内生存空间,故其假人腿部伤害值大于另外两种正面碰撞,尤其是驾驶员左腿伤害值。优化车身前端结构,增加A柱强度,最大程度保证驾驶舱腿部生存空间,才能有效提高小偏置碰撞中乘员的安全性能。     

七座小客车碰撞安全性的模拟与分析

采用有限元方法分析了七座小客车碰撞安全的特性,通过特殊焊接形式和约束的施加,建立了与实车相一致的悬架和轮胎模型。整车运用施加质量点等方法,有效地保证了整车模拟碰撞过程的准确性,并成功地完成了与实验结果的对标分析。     

Using on-board video data for safety analysis – An analysis of right hook crashes involving large buses at signalized intersections

Bus right hook (BRH) crashes at intersections are one of the most common types of crashes for bus carriers, which accounted for as high as 16% of fatal and injury crashes involving large buses at intersections in Taiwan. A BRH crash occurs when a bus and another vehicle traveling in the same direction head into an intersection, but the bus driver makes a right turn across the path of the through-moving vehicle, and both vehicles collide. This study responds to the research needs to identity factors associated with BRH crashes by utilizing in-vehicle data recorder (IVDR) data. A four step analysis procedure was developed, including (1) video data coding, (2) crash sequence analysis to identify crash contributing factors, (3) a case-control study to examine the relationship between the crash contributing factors and crash occurrence, and (4) modeling crash risk in terms of the crash contributing factors to better understand the crash generating process. This study first identified the existence of driver unattended time as the time between when the driver last checked the right back mirror to finally steering for a right turn, indicating the time period wherein the driver did not track the through vehicle on the right side using the right back mirror. It was found that BRH crashes could be attributed to the concurrence of unattended time and the speed difference between the bus and through vehicle. Several recommendations are discussed based on the results to further develop countermeasures to reduce this type of crash.