电动汽车用双层永磁体IPMSM解析与优化设计

为准确快速地获取气隙磁密波形,采用等效磁路法对双层永磁体结构内置式永磁同步电机(IPMSM气隙磁场进行了解析计算。考虑到定子开槽效应的影响,利用改进的卡特系数修正气隙长度。为降低气隙磁通密度波形畸变率和转矩脉动,引入了一种Taguchi方法对电机铁心进行多目标快速优化设计分析。利用有限元仿真分析与数值计算,阐述了双层永磁体IPMSM多变量和多目标优化设计过程。分析表明,优化后的双层永磁体IPMSM输出转矩提升2%,转矩脉动减少2.77%,空载气隙磁密谐波畸变率降低4.28%。试制样机验证了有限元的可靠性和理论分析的有效性。     

纯电动汽车传动系统-电机结构参数协同设计优化

提出一种纯电动汽车传动系统与电机结构参数协同设计优化方法，来提高纯电动汽车动力性与经济性，同时降低永磁同步电机齿槽转矩以降低电机的振动噪声。首先，以电机结构参数为输入，额定转矩与齿槽转矩为输出，开展了基于电机多参数仿真和不同机器学习预测模型精度的研究，并建立永磁同步电机额定转矩和齿槽转矩的高精度机器学习预测模型；其次，利用电机基本设计参数（额定转矩、峰值转矩、额定转速、峰值转速）以及峰值效率构建永磁同步电机效率map图的快速预估数学模型；再次，基于电机齿槽转矩预测模型以及电机效率map图的快速预估数学模型，建立电机结构参数与效率特性的映射关系；最后，以电机结构参数和传动比为优化变量，整车动力性、经济性以及电机齿槽转矩为优化目标，运用遗传算法进行多目标优化。仿真结果表明，相较于优化前，优化后的整车性能0-100 km/h加速时间缩短了27.3%,15 km/h最大爬坡度提高了40.5%,WLTC工况能耗减少了1.6%，电机齿槽转矩降低了42.2%。     

电动汽车用高速永磁同步电机的优化设计与铁损分析

为了提升电动汽车用高速永磁同步电机电磁性能及效率，应用田口法对某额定功率60 k W、额定转速5 000 r/min的电动汽车用高速永磁同步电机的结构进行了优化，通过分析各优化变量对电机铁损、平均电磁转矩和转矩脉动的影响程度，得到了最佳优化方案；建立电机的铁损模型，分别用正弦等效法、谐波分量法和有限元法计算了电机的定子铁损；最后，通过对比定子铁损和效率的测量结果与计算结果，验证了电机铁损分析方法的合理性。     

基于转子结构优化的永磁同步电机噪声研究

以某型号车载永磁同步电机(PMSM)为研究对象,首先分析径向电磁力波的产生机理,建立电机电磁仿真模型得到径向电磁力的时空分布特性以及特定阶次的径向电磁力波幅值,然后以0阶径向电磁力波幅值的48倍频分量为优化目标,从转子结构优化的角度提出一种转子外表面开设辅助槽的方法,利用响应曲面法得到辅助槽参数对优化目标的影响程度,从...     

新能源汽车电驱后桥永磁同步电机优化设计

驱动电机是新能源汽车动力总成关键部件之一,其性能指标直接影响汽车动力输出品质。参考某款新能源汽车整车性能指标,选用永磁同步电机作为电动后桥驱动电机,通过计算获得电机的功率、转速及转矩等关键参数,基于电机的性能参数对电机结构参数进行选定,基于MotorCad软件利用参数化方法以降低齿槽转矩峰值作为优化目标,对电机永磁体厚度、宽度以及气隙长度进行优化设计,并得到电机的效率MAP图和外特性图,结果表明齿槽转矩相比于优化前有较为显著的降低,选取中国乘用车行驶工况（CLTC-P）进行仿真分析,验证了永磁同步电机优化设计的合理性。     

表贴式永磁电机磁场的解析计算与分析

利用傅里叶级数法建立表贴式永磁电机电磁场全局解析模型,并分析其空载和负载电磁特性。在二维极坐标系下,将电机求解域划分为永磁体、气隙、定子槽、定子槽开口和辅助槽5类子域。采用分离变量法求解各子域的拉普拉斯方程或泊松方程,并利用边界条件得到通解中的谐波系数,进而得到各子域的解析表达式。计算了电机气隙磁密、空载反电动势、齿槽转矩和电磁转矩等电磁参数,并通过有限元分析验证了解析法的准确性。在此基础上研究了极弧系数、辅助槽尺寸和槽开口宽度对电机齿槽转矩和电磁转矩的影响规律。另外,提出一种不等槽开口宽度配合的解析模型以图减小齿槽转矩峰值和电磁转矩脉动。该方法能反映电机设计性能与尺寸和参数的关系,可用于电机初始设计与优化。     

田口法在永磁同步电机优化设计中的应用

为了改善电动汽车用永磁同步驱动电机的振动噪声,以降低永磁同步电机的转矩波动和齿槽转矩为优化目标、增大单位磁钢宽度的平均转矩和直轴电感为约束条件,选取"V"型转子磁极结构中永磁体槽的位置、尺寸和磁钢宽度等参数作为优化设计变量,在仿真实验中采用田口法设计,选出最优的参数组合方案。仿真结果表明:田口法优化后的相关性能相比于原机方案得到了全面提升,仿真结果验证了田口法在车用永磁同步驱动电机电磁性能优化设计中的有效性和实用性。     

基于MTPA的永磁同步电动机矢量控制方法研究

永磁同步电机交流调速系统在电动汽车领域中得到了广泛的应用。为了满足电动汽车快速启动的工况需求,就需要获得电机的最大转矩。本文在分析永磁同步电机弱磁原理的基础上,基于Matlab/Simulink建立永磁同步电机矢量控制仿真模型,并采用最大转矩电流比控制(MTPA)策略。仿真表明,该系统响应快、稳定性好,对车用永磁同步电机调速系统的设计有一定的指导意义。     

电机转子铁芯剥离模型建立与径向磁密分析EI北大核心CSCD

为保证车用永磁同步电机转子铁芯具有承受较大剥离力的能力,又避免对转子铁芯进行破坏性的剥离实验,本文基于力能等效原则并引入双线性内聚力模型,对叠铆型和胶粘型铁芯进行建模,并通过仿真获得转子铁芯剥离力。首先,构建了电机转子铁芯剥离实验平台,比较了两种叠压工艺的最大剥离力,接着,利用ANASY Maxwell软件对两种工艺下永磁同步电机空载径向磁密进行了仿真分析。结果表明,采用胶粘工艺可大幅提高铁芯的剥离强度,同时提高了胶粘型铁芯电机的运行效率和气隙磁场的正弦度,降低了电机运行电流和损耗。     

车用永磁同步电机电磁噪声的分析与优化

为降低转子旋转产生的径向电磁力波作用在定子齿上引起永磁同步电机(PMSM)的电磁噪声,以额定功率为60 kW的车用永磁同步电机为研究对象,通过分析径向电磁力波的产生机理,利用Ansoft Maxwell建立二维电磁仿真模型,求出其径向电磁力波,再利用二维傅里叶变换将径向电磁力波进行时空二维分解,转子不斜极电机的测试结果表明,0阶电磁力波引起的振型与电机结构的0阶模态耦合产生共振。最后,提出转子分段斜极以削弱齿谐波,降低0阶电磁力波的改进方案,电磁仿真和试验结果表明,改进方案电磁噪声明显下降。     

电动汽车驱动控制策略研究综述

驱动系统是电动汽车研制的关键技术之一,它直接决定电动汽车的性能。矢量控制通过坐标变换将定子电流矢量分解为转子磁场定向的两个直流分量并分别加以控制,从而实现异步电动机磁通和转矩的解耦控制,达到直流电动机的控制效果。直接转矩控制,并不需要观测转子磁链,它基于定子磁场控制磁场定向以转距作为被控量,思路清晰,手段直接。本文根据电动机矢量控制及直接转矩控制理论,结合电动汽车的实际要求,对其的现状及优缺点进行了分析及说明,介绍了改进的控制措施及发展趋势。     

Simple design approach for improving characteristics of interior permanent magnet synchronous motors for electric air-conditioner systems in HEV

In this paper, a simple design method for improving the performance of an interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM), for driving the air-conditioning compressor used in hybrid electric vehicles, is presented. There are many design methods that optimize the IPMSM. Each method deals with a variety of design factors, such as slot opening, pole arc, and rotor shape. However, as the number of design variables increases, a lot of modeling and analysis time is needed in order to improve the characteristics of an IPMSM. This paper demonstrates that the optimization of a double-layer IPMSM, satisfying the given design conditions, is possible with only a flux barrier shape design. Then, response surface methodology is applied as the optimization method, and the validity of the design approach is verified by comparison with test results.     

Development of an electric motor-driven pump unit for electro-hydraulic power steering with 42V power-Net

Motorization in vehicles is expanding rapidly for fuel efficiency, customer comfort, convenience, and safety features. These new electric loads represent an increase in the required electric power. This has generated interest in new, higher power systems such as the 42V Power Net. The electro-hydraulic power steering (EHPS) system is one of these systems. This paper presents the development of the electric motor-driven pump unit for the EHPS system using a 42V power-Net. The interior type permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM) can be applied to this system with more power density per volume for compactness of the EHPS. In order to improve the system, the IPMSM and its control method was optimized for improved torque characteristics and electric power consumption. The performances of both the pump unit and the IPMSM have been verified by experimental results. Finally, all in one type the electric motor-driven pump unit are developed from the experiment verification.     

结构-电磁激励下某电驱总成噪声控制

针对某电动汽车电驱总成的噪声问题，依据电驱总成车内噪声产生机理，进行整车状态声振特性测试，运用不同工况组合下的频谱特征和阶次特征等分析方法，识别出该电驱总成噪声问题为结构共振和电磁激励所致。针对结构共振问题，考虑电驱总成结构耦合特性、电机材料复杂多样性和线圈绕组质量，建立电驱总成有限元分析模型，求解出电驱总成的模态和振动响应，并通过敲击法模态试验得到模态参数进而对有限元模型进行验证，在此基础上以模态应变能为依据对电驱总成结构的局部刚度进行优化，提升结构共振频率，降低共振风险。针对电磁激励问题，以电驱总成中的永磁同步电机为研究对象，建立电磁仿真分析模型，以影响磁通密度的转子槽口的槽形、槽宽、槽深和槽间角度4个因素建立正交试验设计表，通过极差值得到各因素对齿槽转矩和输出转矩的影响水平，最后以降低齿槽转矩、加工工艺简单和对输出转矩影响小为目标，运用16组具有代表性的电磁方案，完成256个参数组合的寻优，并对优化方案进行了数值仿真计算。研究结果表明：优化方案的改善效果较显著；研究可为电动汽车车内噪声改善提供试验技术支持，并为电驱总成的结构共振噪声和电磁噪声控制提供方法参考。     

基于系统效率最优的CVT混合动力轿车转矩优化分配方法

无级变速器CVT消除了挡位概念,其速比在一定范围内连续可调。配备CVT的混合动力汽车能够实现动力源转矩和传动系统的优化匹配。针对此问题,提出了基于系统效率最优的CVT中度混合动力轿车动力源转矩优化分配方法:。该方法:综合考虑了各个关键部件的效率,以混合动力系统的总体效率为优化目标,以车速、车辆加速度、电池SOC为状态变量,优化分配了驱动工况下各动力源输出转矩,为整车能量管理策略的制定奠定了基础。     

Kriging assisted on-line torque calculation for brushless DC motors used in electric vehicles

Torque is one of the most important control factors for a vehicle’s motion. Compared with internal combustion engines, electric motors can have a more accurate torque feedback which brings a lot of advantages to vehicle dynamics and stability control. However, motors used in electric vehicles are facing more difficult conditions than those in conventional applications, such as extreme high/low temperature changing, vibration, aging, etc. The variation of motor parameters due to harsh working conditions can lead to serious problems for motor torque estimation and thus dynamic control of electric vehicles. In this paper, a new method using kriging to estimate the back EMF and thus accurately calculate motor torque in an on-line fashion is presented. With motor speed and rotor position as inputs, kriging predicts back EMF as the output that is used to calculate the motor torque with three phase currents. Using this novel method, motor torque can be accurately calculated even facing high/low temperatures or aging conditions. Experimental tests under the high temperature have been conducted to verify the applicability of the proposed method.     

特种车辆重载电动轮用轮毂电机热特性分析及冷却水道优化

为了准确分析轮毂电机温度场，基于电磁场有限元分析，采用考虑旋转磁化及谐波磁场的方法计算铁耗，并计算了轮毂电机各部件生热率。采用基于有限体积法的流固耦合分析和基于热网络法的磁热耦合分析，分别计算了额定工况下轮毂电机温度场，将轮毂电机温升试验和仿真结果进行了对比。结果表明，基于有限体积法的流固耦合分析得出的绕组稳态温度计算误差为1.8%，基于热网路法的磁热耦合分析计算误差为2.5%，验证了两种温度场分析方法的正确性。对不同结构冷却水道的热阻和压降进行了理论分析，基于Pareto遗传算法对螺旋型水道进行多目标优化，在保证额定工况电机稳态温升基本不变的情况下使水道压降降低了22.9%。     

Energy efficiency optimization of electric vehicle driven by in-wheel motors

Electric vehicle is considered to be the solution for energy and environment crisis, but it’s still not competitive enough with conventional vehicles because of the limited energy density and high cost of the power battery. So the energy efficiency is of the most importance for the control of electric vehicles. This paper looks into the energy efficiency optimization problem of electric vehicle driven by four in-wheel motors by developing a comprehensive energy efficiency model of the permanent magnet synchronous motor including the inverter. The calculated efficiency agrees with the measured data quite well. Based on the power loss analysis, the conclusion is drawn that in all driving or braking conditions the total torque requirement should be distributed evenly to all the motors in order to maximize the energy efficiency for electric vehicles driven by permanent magnet synchronous in-wheel motors. Vehicle test results show that the energy efficiency of the evenly distributed torque control is higher than the control strategy proposed by control allocation in literature.     

Dynamics characteristics analysis and control of FWID EV

Compared with internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles, four-wheel-independently-drive electric vehicles (FWID EV) have significant advantages, such as more controlled degree of freedom (DOF), higher energy efficiency and faster torque response of an electric motor. The influence of these advantages and other characteristics on vehicle dynamics control need to be evaluated in detail. This paper firstly analyzed the dynamics characteristics of FWID EV, including the feasible region of vehicle global force, the improvement of powertrain energy efficiency and the time-delays of electric motor torque in the direct yaw moment feedback control system. In this way, the influence of electric motor output power limit, road friction coefficient and the wheel torque response on the stability control, as well as the impact of motor idle loss on the torque distribution method were illustrated clearly. Then a vehicle dynamics control method based on the vehicle stability state was proposed. In normal driving condition, the powertrain energy efficiency can be improved by torque distribution between front and rear wheels. In extreme driving condition, the electric motors combined with the electro-hydraulic braking system were employed as actuators for direct yaw moment control. Simulation results show that dynamics control which take full advantages of the more controlled freedom and the motor torque response characteristics improve the vehicle stability better than the control based on the hydraulic braking system of conventional vehicle. Furthermore, some road tests in a real vehicle were conducted to evaluate the performance of proposed control method.     

基于多目标优化的混合动力城市物流车制动能量回收控制策略研究

针对混合动力城市物流车制动能量回收的安全与效率问题，提出了基于多目标优化的制动能量回收控制策略。建立了载荷估计和质心位置解析模型，使控制策略适应各种载荷变化。控制策略以制动安全性和能量回收性为优化目标，以制动力分配系数和电机制动力矩比例系数为控制变量，采用多目标遗传算法和基于模糊控制器的理想解决策法得到决策解。驾驶循环分析结果显示，所提控制策略具有较好的制动安全性和更高的制动能量回收性。