五连杆悬架的刚体运动学和弹性运动学分析

探讨了基于矢量分析原理进行五连杆悬架的刚体运动学和受力分析的方法,并进一步提出了一种考虑橡胶衬套弹性的悬架弹性运动学迭代计算方法。据此编制了相应的计算机程序,进行了一种轿车五连杆后悬架的刚体运动学和弹性运动学模拟分析,探讨了悬架橡胶衬套的弹性对车辆性能的影响。该方法有效简捷,可方便地应用于五连杆悬架设计分析和参数优化。     

橡胶衬套刚度对悬架系统影响的研究

文章以橡胶衬套刚度试验为基础,利用有限元仿真计算多个方向的刚度,并借助ADAMS/CAR 研究了橡胶衬套刚度对悬架弹性运动学的影响。通过研究,提出了一种精确计算异形橡胶衬套的悬架系统动力 学方法与优化设计方法。     

衬套刚度对悬架运动学特性参数影响分析

随着研究分析橡胶衬套发现橡胶衬套的刚度变化对汽车的悬架参数有重要的影响,进而直接影响着汽车的平顺性、操纵稳定性能。文章选择对橡胶衬套的刚度展开讨论,首先建立了带有橡胶衬套与转向系的双横臂独立前悬架的弹性连接运动学模型。以车轮外倾角、车轮前束角、主销后倾角、主销内倾角、轮距的变化、轮心处悬架垂直刚度等悬架参数为观察指标,设置悬架与整车的部分参数,给建立的模型输入左右车轮平行跳动激励,进行仿真对比,得出弹性连接状态下的模型综合结果更好。然后分析在弹性运动学状态下各个橡胶衬套刚度的改变对悬架运动学特性参数的影响大小,得出衬套径向刚度、轴向刚度的改变对悬架运动学特性参数综合影响,这对提升汽车的操纵稳定性与平顺性有较好的指导意义。     

橡胶元件在汽车悬架中的应用分析

介绍了橡胶元件在汽车悬架中的应用现状,分析了橡胶衬套力学特性的理论研究方法和试验技术,并对某汽车悬架橡胶衬套进行了有限元分析和试验验证。阐述了橡胶衬套对汽车平顺性、操纵稳定性及高频NVH特性的影响,并通过实例讨论了橡胶衬套对悬架运动学性能的作用和衬套刚度优化方法。指出,需进一步研究橡胶元件对汽车高频动态性能的影响。     

基于ADAMS的Z型悬架性能分析及四轮定位优化

建立Z型后悬架的ADAMS模型,分析了其悬架运动学和弹性运动学特性,将四轮定位角动态变化与试验值做了对标,并且介绍了利用虚拟样机技术虚拟优化四轮定位的方法。     

基于某车型后扭力梁悬架K&C特性分析

为了获得扭力梁横梁开口角度、横梁位置、衬套安装角度三个因素对于扭力梁悬架KC性能的影响,通过Hyper Mesh软件将建立的扭力梁柔性体导入ADAMS/CAR软件中进行悬架KC特性仿真分析,分析得到横梁开口角度及位置对与悬架的KC特性影响较大,尤其前束角和侧倾中心高度的变化,为扭力梁前期设计提供参考,为后期悬架KC特性优化提供了方向。     

悬架K特性分析

在汽车操稳性能开发中,进行到样车阶段时运动学和弹性运动学（K&C）测试必不可少,K&C试验在准静态下,不激励任何惯性、减振器和衬套引发的动态力,以较慢速度向车辆的悬架系统施加一系列的载荷和位移输入,输出对应的位移、角度和力矩等参数,考察悬架几何运动学和弹性运动学,通过对数据分析提出整车潜在的问题,支持操稳性能开发工作。文章主要介绍其中的K特性轮跳、侧倾和转向三种试验工况,通过对试验工况的介绍、试验曲线的解读,结合整车运动工况,得出参数推荐方向,对后续操稳性能开发有一定的指导意义。     

悬架运动学特性的二阶近似区间优化

提出了采用海森矩阵近似迭代算法(DFP算法)的悬架运动学特性二阶区间优化方法.这种优化方法得到的悬架结构区间参数的中值和半径,既满足了悬架运动学特性优化的要求,又控制了其不确定性区间范围.作为这种方法的一个应用实例,对某双横臂独立前悬架的运动学特性进行优化.     

基于运动学特性的双横臂悬架硬点位置优化

利用空间机构运动学和数值计算的方法对双横臂独立悬架系统进行了运动学分析,以悬架运动学特性设计曲线为优化目标,对悬架硬点的布置位置进行了优化。结果表明,按照优化后的硬点位置计算出的悬架运动学特性曲线与设计曲线基本一致,因此利用该方法可以快速实现对悬架硬点结构的优化布置,提高车辆性能。     

直线导引型前独立悬架及转向杆系的设计与动力学仿真

研究了一种理论上能做直线导引运动的新型空间机构,基于这一空间机构和相匹配的转向杆系,建立了汽车前独立悬架系统动力学模型。考虑悬架导向机构的结构参数、转向杆系对车轮运动的影响以及橡胶衬套的变形,通过仿真分析,得出了该新型前独立悬架的主要运动学特性参数的变化规律,验证了理论分析结果。与麦弗逊和双叉臂式前悬架主要运动学特性参数进行对比表明,该新型前独立悬架具有优异的运动学性能,与其匹配的转向杆系能最大限度地减小转向干涉。     

Sensitivity analysis and optimisation of suspension bushing using Taguchi method and grey relational analysis

In this paper, a novel method is presented for investigating suspension bushing based on mechanical properties of the bushing, their effective directions, spring stiffness and damping coefficient of bushing. The vehicle vibration model and suspension geometry parameters are used to optimise the vehicle suspension based on multi-body dynamics simulation (ADAMS/CAR) initially. Several experiment tests based on ISO 4128 and ISO 7401 have been performed in one of main Iranian automaker (SAIPA) in order to verify the ADAMS/CAR model. The grey relational analysis based on using Taguchi L27 orthogonal array is used to obtain the optimum suspension. Then the bushing characteristics are optimised considering the indicated method. This method considers a combination of ride comfort and handling qualities of vehicle as objective functions simultaneously. The results of optimum suspension are compared with typical Renault Logan which declares the accuracy and efficiency of this method in optimising suspension bushing.     

路面激励引起车内噪声的模拟和试验

本文建立了因路面不平度随机激励所产生的车内噪声的数学模型，借助了测得的车身悬置连接点的导纳函数，各连接点到车内耳旁位置的噪声传递函数以及悬置和轮胎参数，计算了由路面不平度所引起的车内耳旁噪声的大小，并将其与道路模拟机上的测量结果相比较，结果表明两者获得了较好的一致，还进一步分析了改变悬置和轮胎参数对车内噪声的影响，为车内噪声的分析、悬置参数的择优选取和汽车的声学设计提供了简易方法。     

基于控制瞬态冲击电机振动的悬置系统优化方法

文章建立了包含电机和悬置在内的整车动力学模型,仿真得到了整车在加速和过减速带两个典型工况下电机的动力学响应。建立综合评价指标,在考虑电机悬置系统模态、解耦等设计边界的基础上,建立了考虑悬置刚度和间隙的控制电机振动优化模型,对悬置的关键设计参数进行优化,为开发前期悬置系统的正向设计提供有效的依据。     

A Feasibility Study on Indirect Identification of Transmission Forces through Rubber Bushing in Vehicle Suspension System by Using Vibration Signals Measured on Links

This paper presents a feasibility study on using the rubber bushing itself as a sensor for the identification of transmission forces in vehicle suspension systems. The method starts from the idea that the transmission forces can be related to the deformation of the rubber bushing by an appropriate model and the deformation of the rubber bushing can be obtained by estimation of the relative vibration across the bushing. Simple theories are presented to deal with modeling of a given geometry of rubber bushing by a concentric spring and damper, correlating of measurements of the vibration on the links to the stiffness and damping parameters, and selection of the vibration measurement positions. Importance of the measurement position selection in relation to the measurement noise is illustrated by simulation studies. Then, validity of the proposed indirect approach will be shown by applications to a rear suspension system of dual link type.     

A Feasibility Study on Indirect Identification of Transmission Forces through Rubber Bushing in Vehicle Suspension System by Using Vibration Signals Measured on Links

This paper presents a feasibility study on using the rubber bushing itself as a sensor for the identification of transmission forces in vehicle suspension systems. The method starts from the idea that the transmission forces can be related to the deformation of the rubber bushing by an appropriate model and the deformation of the rubber bushing can be obtained by estimation of the relative vibration across the bushing. Simple theories are presented to deal with modeling of a given geometry of rubber bushing by a concentric spring and damper, correlating of measurements of the vibration on the links to the stiffness and damping parameters, and selection of the vibration measurement positions. Importance of the measurement position selection in relation to the measurement noise is illustrated by simulation studies. Then, validity of the proposed indirect approach will be shown by applications to a rear suspension system of dual link type.     

多连杆后悬副车架结构及衬套优化设计

结合某车型开发工作,针对该车型所采用的新型四连杆后悬架系统,采用先进的多学科优化技术对后桥结构及衬套刚度进行全面优化设计,并对遗传算法、模拟退火及混合多梯度探测等多目标优化算法在该系统中的应用进行了详细的对比论证。     

Design Synthesis of a Vehicle Suspension System Using Multi-Parameter Qptimization

The transmission of road-generated vibrations into a vehicle body is treated as a source-path-receiver problem. The suspension system acts as the path, and improved isolation can be achieved by having a single compliant bushing at the connecting point of the shock absorber to the body with none at the other end. A mathematical model is derived for such a system which would enable detailed parameter investigation to be undertaken using the gradient method of optimization. An expression for the absolute displacement transmissibility of the body is derived and the optimization procedure is applied in order to evaluate the optimum values of the non-dimensional variables involved. This minimizes the maximum motion transmitted to the body from the road surface over a broad frequency range. Design data which are presented non-dimensionally for parameter variations show the influence of three variables: the bushing stiffness, the resonant frequency ratio and the damping coefficient upon the transmissibility.     

New nonlinear bushing model for general excitations using Bouc-Wen hysteretic model

Because the characteristics of rubber bushing significantly affect the accuracy of vehicle dynamics simulations, they should be accurately modeled in the vehicle suspension model. In this paper, a new nonlinear bushing model for automotive bushing components is developed to improve the accuracy of vehicle dynamics analysis. Bushing components were first tested to capture the nonlinear and hysteretic behavior of typical elements by using a MTS 3-axis elastomer tester. A simple Bouc-Wen hysteretic differential model was modified to generate a more precise rubber bushing model. A sine wave, step input, and random excitations are imposed on the bushing. The ADAMS program is used to calculate sensitivity and the VisualDOC program is employed to find the optimal parameters for the bushing model. An error function is designed to find optimal parameters of the model. Parameter identification is carried out to satisfy the static and dynamic characteristics due to sine and step excitation inputs. It was proved that the proposed model could predict the bushing forces under sine, step, and random inputs well. The errors are within 10% in the overall range. To show the validity of the proposed model, a numerical example was also carried out. Because the bushing forces due to random excitation input show good agreement with experiments, the proposed bushing model is available in the vehicle dynamics simulation.     

发动机悬置支架模态提升与轻量化设计

发动机悬置支架是动力总成系统中的重要零部件,对于汽车的NVH性能有着重要影响。文章基于某款皮卡车的动力总成悬置车身端支架一阶模态频率不达标的问题,提出优化方案,通过拓扑优化对结构进行减重分析,优化后车身端悬置支架结构不仅模态频率达到了设计要求,还实现了该悬置支架的轻量化设计。计算结果表明了本分析优化方法的有效性,该研究对于车身端悬置支架及车身上其他零部件设计都具有一定的参考意义。     

Robust inspection technique for detection of flatness defects of oil pans

This paper discusses two different methods for the detection of flatness defects present on the mounting surfaces of oil pans using laser-scanned point clouds. The first method involves registration, which is a widely used method in the field of 3D data inspection: scanned point clouds are registered with CAD data and the iterative closest point (ICP) algorithm is used for further comparison. The second method is our proposed method, a simple yet effective method for measuring the flatness of an oil pan mounting surface. The process is based on the construction of a reference plane on the scanned surface. The oil pan mounting surface is scanned by a 3D laser scanner, obtaining point cloud data that is then further processed to reduce noise. Using this processed data, a reference plane parallel to the direction of the mounting surface is defined at the mean position of the mounting surface. The direction of the reference plane is determined by the normal vector of the mounting surface. Construction of the reference plane is carried out by the singular value decomposition (SVD) technique. The deviation of the surface from the reference plane is measured by calculating the error distance between the points of the surface to the reference plane using the least-squares method.