船舶舷侧结构耐撞性分析

为研究船舶舷侧结构的碰撞损伤过程,采用非线性动态响应分析方法,使用ANASYS/LS-DYNA显式动力分析软件,对船艏和船舷垂直碰撞过程进行数值仿真,获得了碰撞力、能量吸收和结构损伤变形的时序结果。为了分析船舶舷侧结构耐撞性能,本文对比了常见油船、新型Y型和X型舷侧结构的仿真过程,结果表明新型舷侧结构在整体的耐撞性能上优于传统的舷侧结构,承载构件的不同也会对结构的耐撞性产生很大的差异。     

碰撞/搁浅事故中船体强桁材结构损伤机理解析预报方法研究

随着航运业的快速发展,海上航行的船舶越来越多.尽管人们做了许多努力避免海上意外事故的发生,但海难事故依然不可避免.为了降低上述事故造成的损失,需要在设计阶段快速并准确地预报船舶的结构耐撞性.本文以强桁材结构为研究对象,通过开展准静态冲压试验及相应的数值仿真,分析强桁材结构在面内冲压载荷作用下的变形机理,并基于试验与仿真所得到的结构变形特点,提出强桁材面内受压时的变形模式.以此为基础,运用塑性力学理论,推导出结构变形能、瞬时结构变形抗力及平均结构变形抗力的解析预报公式,并将计算结果与试验结果进行比较验证.研究得到的结构面内受压变形能和抗力解析计算公式,可以快速评估事故载荷下结构的响应情况,包括结构变形阻力及能量耗散,具有使用方便,计算速度快,计算结果相对可靠的优点,对船体耐撞结构设计及抗撞性能评估具有一定的指导意义.     

On the global ship hull bending energy in ship collisions

During ship collisions part of the kinetic energy of the involved vessels immediately prior to contact is absorbed as energy dissipated by crushing of the hull structures, by friction and by elastic energy. The purpose of this report is to present an estimate of the elastic energy that can be stored in elastic hull vibrations during a ship collision.When a ship side is strengthened in order to improve the crashworthiness it has been argued in the scientific literature that a non-trivial part of the energy released for structural deformation during the collision can be absorbed as elastic energy in global ship hull vibrations, such that with strong ship sides less energy has to be spent in crushing of the striking ship bow and/or the struck ship side.In normal ship–ship collision analyses both the striking and struck ship are usually considered as rigid bodies where structural crushing is confined to the impact location and where local and global bending vibration modes are neglected. That is, the structural deformation problem is considered quasi-static. In this paper a simple uniform free–free beam model is presented for estimating the energy transported into the global bending vibrations of the struck ship hull during ship–ship collisions. The striking ship is still considered as a rigid body. The local interaction between the two ships is modeled by a linear load–deflection relation.The analysis results for a simplified model of a struck coaster and of a large tanker show that the elastic energy absorbed by the struck ship normally is small and varies from 1 to 6% of the energy released for crushing. The energy stored as elastic global hull girder vibrations depends on the ship mass, the local stiffness of the side structure, and of the position of contact. The results also show that in case of highly strengthened ship sides the maximum global bending strains during collisions can lead to hull failure.     

内河双壳油船舷侧结构耐撞性分析

提出了内河双壳油船舷侧结构耐撞性能的简化分析方法,详细讨论了球鼻艏撞击作用下内河双壳油船舷侧结构的总体破坏模式及其渐进破坏过程.在考虑舷侧外壳板发生断裂破坏后的剩余抗撞能力的基础上,给出了双壳舷侧结构的撞击力―撞深曲线和吸收能量-撞深曲线,并与有限元仿真分析结果进行了比较.简化分析方法得到的结果与有限元分析基本上是一致的,这表明该方法能对内河双壳油船结构的耐撞性能做出合理预报,可用于这类油船耐撞性能的评估.     

小型快艇结构耐撞性研究

船舶碰撞是一种复杂非线性瞬态响应过程,在碰撞区内的构件一般迅速进入塑性流动状态,出现撕裂、屈曲等形式的破坏和失效,因此对小型快艇结构碰撞特性进行分析非常必要。分析了艇艏撞击作用下快艇舷侧加筋结构的渐进破坏过程,给出了撞深曲线。为表征小型快艇船体结构的耐撞性能,建立了基于综合考虑塑性应变衡准和撞深衡准的小型艇结构耐撞性评价模型。最后,运用有限元法进行数值分析,开展快艇改进舷侧的结构耐撞性优化研究。数值分析表明,对于中小型快艇,碰撞损伤主要是艇体的总体弯曲变形,损伤变形区域占全船的比例较大,采用塑性应变衡准和撞深衡准能有效地刻画中小型快艇结构耐撞性。     

Analysis of ship–ship collision damage accounting for bow and side deformation interaction

This paper presents a procedure to analyse ship collisions using a simplified analytical method by taking into account the interaction between the deformation on the striking and the struck ships. Numerical simulations using the finite element software LS-DYNA are conducted to produce virtual experimental data for several ship collision scenarios. The numerical results are used to validate the method. The contributions to the total resistance from all structural components of the collided ships are analysed in the numerical simulation and the simplified method. Three types of collisions were identified based on the relative resistance of one ship to the other. They are denoted Collision Types 1 and 2, in which a relatively rigid ship collides with a deformable ship, and Collision Type 3, in which two deformable ships are involved. For Collision Types 1 and 2, estimates of the energy absorbed by the damaged ships differ by less than 8% compared to the numerical results. For Collision Type 3, the results differ by approximately 13%. The simplified method is applicable for right angle ship collision scenario, and it can be used as an alternative tool because it quickly generates acceptable results.     

基于MD Nastran的船-冰碰撞数值仿真研究

船舶与海冰的碰撞过程十分复杂,涉及多种非线性问题。文章运用 MD Nastran对船舶艏部与冰的碰撞进行数值仿真计算,来模拟这一过程。得到了碰撞结束后,船首和海冰的损伤变形情况,船体结构的应力应变情况,以及在船—冰相互作用过程中的能量变化,应力应变变化。研究结果描述了船舶与冰碰撞的详细过程,揭示了冰载荷作用下船体结构的响应规律,可为船舶抗冰载荷设计提供参考。     

Design of bridges against ship collisions

The paper outlines a rational design procedure for bridge piers and pylons against ship collision impacts. Firstly, a set of risk acceptance criteria are proposed. This is followed by a mathematically based procedure for calculation of the probability of critical ship meeting situations near the bridge, and the probability of ship collision accidents caused by human errors as well as technical errors. This first part of the paper leads to identification of the largest striking ship, “design vessels”, a given bridge pier must withstand without structural failure in order for the bridge connection to fulfil the risk acceptance criteria. The final part of the paper is devoted to an analysis of the needed impact capacity for the bridge pylons and piers exposed to ship bow impact loads from these “design vessels”. For a number of different ship types and different tonnage merchant vessels, load – displacement relations for ship bow collisions against rigid walls are derived. Based on these comprehensive numerical results, a new empirical relation is derived which is suited for design against bow collisions. This expression for maximum bow collision forces is compared with a previously published expression for ice-strengthened ships and with existing standards for assessment of bow crushing forces. It is shown that there is need for an update of these existing standards. For design of piers and pylons against local impact pressure loads, a pressure - area relation for bulbous bow impacts is derived.     

船艏横向加强框架对船艏耐撞性能的影响

在撞击过程中船艏结构的典型损伤是外壳板和内加筋的褶皱，撕裂和弯曲。在以前的船舶结构的碰撞分析的简化方法或数值模拟中往往略去横向肋骨框架对船艏碰撞性能的影响。本文利用有限元数值仿真方法研究了横向肋骨框架在碰撞损坏过程中的作用，发现其对船艏结构的损伤形态、碰撞力及能量耗散有重要影响。因而是碰撞计算中不可忽略的因素。     

补给作业船舷侧碰撞损伤环境研究

基于横向补给作业中各个阶段可能出现的舷侧碰撞模式所确定的两船碰撞发生时的夹角和补给作业船受撞位置,进行横向补给作业船舷侧碰撞损伤仿真研究。分析了补给作业船的吸能特性和碰撞过程中两船的运动状态,获得了碰撞力、能量吸收和损伤变形的时序结果。该文的研究可对于开展补给作业船舷侧碰撞结构损伤评估、舷侧抗撞结构的优化设计提供指导。     

A simplified analytical method for estimating the crushing resistance of an inclined ship side

This paper provides a new contribution to the simplified analytical treatment of collisions between two ships. It is directly connected to the well-known super-elements method, which is a simplified procedure allowing for a quick estimation of the damages caused to both the striking and struck vessels during such events. In this article, a new analytical formulation is presented for estimating the impact resistance provided by inclined ship side panels. Two different scenarios are treated. We first deal with the case of an impact between the oblique plate and the stem of the striking ship, and then we consider the situation where the inclined panel is impacted by the bulb. For these two scenarios, an analytical formulation relating the force and the penetration is provided and these developments are validated by comparing them to the results of finite elements simulations. Finally, the new inclined plate super-element is integrated in a simplified model of a frigate collided by another ship, and the resistance given by the super-elements method is then compared to the one obtained by a numerical simulation of this collision.     

单壳船舷侧结构的碰撞分析

给出一种计算船体结构基本构件——梁、板耐撞性的简化分析方法,并将该方法应用于单壳船舷侧结构的碰撞分析。讨论了球鼻首撞击作用下单壳船舷侧结构的总体破坏模式及其渐进破坏过程,提出了计及渐进破坏过程的碰撞损伤简化计算方法。实例计算结果表明:该简化分析方法能对单壳船舷侧结构的耐撞性作出合理的预报,可应用于船舶设计阶段船体结构耐撞性能的评估。     

双层舷侧结构碰撞损伤过程研究

采用非线性动态响应分析方法,对船舶双层舷侧结构的碰撞损客 研究。研究中,结构材料采用线性强化弹性模型并计入了应变速率引起的材料强化,考虑了碰撞面的接触 与摩擦。     

船舶首部结构入水砰击过程研究

对刚性船舶首部结构砰击过程进行仿真研究,分析砰击过程中的液面变化,以及船舶首部结构砰击压力与入水速度、结构曲率的关系。研究弹塑性首部结构入水砰击问题。针对弹塑性首部结构入水砰击过程中各个构件上的应力、变形、吸能等参数进行动态响应分析,对优化船舶首部结构形式和保证结构安全性具有十分重要的研究意义。     

对船舶抗碰撞性能分析中的两个因素的评述

从以往的对船舶的抗碰撞分析研究中,发现有两个因素在很多分析中被忽略,一个是船舶碰撞中最易破坏位置的选择,另一个是在某些船舶舷侧舱水存在时忽略了其对船舶抗碰撞性能的影响.通过对典型结构进行仿真分析,指出船舶最佳碰撞位置的选择并非一定位于通常所认为的强框架中心点处,而是取决于板与加强筋的相对刚度,以及撞击船撞头的形状,以及通过某FPSO双舷侧结构为例分析了在舷侧舱水存在的情况下,由于撞击的短时和水的惯性迟滞效应,使得提高了船舶的抗碰撞性能.对这两个因素的分析有助于今后更加完善的对船舶抗碰撞性能进行评估.     

船舶碰撞缓冲型球鼻艏概念探讨--球鼻曲率对碰撞的影响

船舶碰撞事故中，被撞油船船侧的破裂会引起严重的海洋污染，故油船双层船壳设计成为防止被撞油船破损的有效措施。但随着海上运输船舶的数目及尺度的日益增大，双层船壳已不能满足防止船侧破损的要求。本文提出了缓冲型球算般的构思。在船舶相撞的过程中，球鼻艏曲率的尖锐程度影响被撞船船侧的损伤程度，故提出并讨论了表征球鼻艏碰撞特性的标志性参数。通过对不同曲率的球鼻艏一系列的碴撞数值仿真计算，详细描述了外形曲率对球鼻艏的变形形态、碰撞力、碰撞力密度及能量吸收的影响，指出船舶采用钝形的球鼻艏能有效减小碰撞时的穿透损伤。     

高强度钢缓冲型船艏研究

在船舶碰撞事故中，一般船侧的破损程度比船艏大，从环境保护的全局意识及降低整体经济损失的角度出发，应该在保证船艏结构在能够承受常规载荷的前提下适当地减小其纵向刚度，使其在撞击船侧时导致船侧破损的可能性降低。笔者从损伤形态，碰撞力，碰撞力密度和能量吸收等方面对采用高强度钢的缓冲船艏进行研究，发现船艏结构采用高强度钢在等强度的条件下，可减少结构的板厚和船艏结构的临界压溃载荷，从而降低对被撞船舶侧结构的破坏。     

水介质对船冰碰撞结构响应的影响

以极地运输船舶艏部作为研究对象,建立基于流固耦合算法的船-水-冰耦合技术对三维船艏与冰体碰撞的结构响应问题进行了研究,结合非线性有限元软件LS-DYNA对比分析了考虑流固耦合(即有水介质)的船-水-冰碰撞模型和不考虑流固耦合(即无水介质)的船-冰碰撞模型与同质量不同速度的冰体发生碰撞下的结构响应问题,揭示了不同碰撞工况下船舶在损伤变形、碰撞力、速度等方面的变化特征及差异,同时阐述了水介质在船冰碰撞中的作用,可以为极地运输船舶的抗冲击结构设计提供参考。     

传统双层舷侧结构的碰撞数值仿真研究

船舶碰撞是船体结构在很短的时间内承受巨大碰撞载荷作用的一种复杂非线性动态响应过程。应用非线性有限元数值仿真方法研究了传统双层舷侧结构在正碰状况下的碰撞性能,分析碰撞过程中舷侧结构的损伤特点和吸能特性,为研究提高舷侧结构抗撞性提供参考。     

Fast evaluation of ship-bridge collision force based on nonlinear numerical simulation

The max collision force of ship-bridge collision is one of the most important references for bridge design. By means of nonlinear digital simulation method, the collision forces of the collisions between rigid bridge pier and ship bow were calculated out for four different ships, whose tonnages are 5 000, l0 000,50 000 and 60 000 DWT respectively. Curves of collision force-penetration and absorbed energy-penetration are obtained, and the data of the max loads are then summarized. On the basis of these curves and data, a set of curves describing the relationships between max collision forces and tonnages of the ships are successfully presented, by which the max collision forces of the ships-bridge with different tonnages and in different velocities can be estimated easily and reliably.