关于二维平面圆柱涡激振动的数值模拟

利用有限元软件Adina建立平面二维圆柱绕流的数值模型,模拟低雷诺数条件下流体与圆柱间的涡激振动。随着流速加大,圆柱振动经历非锁定一锁定一脱离锁定的过程,由于锁定形态下圆柱振动与尾涡脱落引起的流体力形成共振,使圆柱的振幅增大。仅考虑圆柱顺流向振动时,横流向振幅略有增加;同时考虑圆柱在平面内的旋转和顺流向振动时,横流向振幅显著增加、锁定区间加宽,且质量比越低变化就越明显。     

舰用主汽轮机汽缸振动特性研究

针对舰用主汽轮机汽缸振动特性研究较少的现象,研究主汽轮机低压缸的振动特性,对某型舰用主汽轮机汽缸进行数值仿真分析,并通过试验验证。研究表明,在1—1000Hz频域内,舰用主汽轮机汽缸整体模型只出现了一阶振型,低压缸结构中的筋板、肋板、薄板等局部尺寸较小的部位易引起振动出现局部模态;低压缸结构局部尺寸较大的部位,不易引起振动;进行扫频试验时,通过纵向扫频及垂向扫频能够很好地弥补单向扫频时出现的峰值点频率的大幅跳跃。     

近底管线绕流及涡激振动的二维有限元数值模拟

应用有限元方法通过求解原始变量的二维不可压粘性流体的N-S方程和管线振动方程,数值模拟了近底管线的绕流及漩涡脱落引起的管线振动,采用ALE方法解决因管线振动引起的动网格问题和流固耦合问题。数值模拟了雷诺数90相似文献   

Detection of cylinder pressure in diesel engines using cylinder head vibration and time series methods

This paper investigates the vibration characteristics of diesel engine cylinder heads by means of the time series method. With the concept of "Assumed System",the vibration transfer function of real cylinder head structures is established using the autoregressive-moving average models(ARMA models) of cylinder head surface vibration signals. Then this transfer function is successfully used to reconstruct the gas pressure trace inside the cylinder from measured cylinder head vibration signals. This offers an effective means for diesel engine cylinder pressure detection and condition monitoring.     

Two degree of freedom flow-induced vibration of cylindrical structures in marine environments: frequency ratio effects

The flow-induced vibration of a cylindrical structure is a very common problem in marine environments such as undersea pipelines, offshore risers, and cables. In this study, the vortex-induced vibration (VIV) of an elastically mounted cylinder at a low Reynolds number is simulated by a transient coupled fluid–structure interaction numerical model. Considering VIV with low damping ratio, the response, hydrodynamic forces, and vortex shedding modes of the cylinder is systematically analyzed and summed up the universal rule under different frequency ratios. On the basis of the analysis, we find that the frequency ratio α is a very important parameter. It decides the locked-in, beat, and phase-switch phenomena of the cylinder, meanwhile, it also influence the vortex mode of the cylinder. The trajectory of the two degrees of freedom (2 DOF) case at different natural frequency ratios is discussed, with most trajectories having a “figure of 8” shape and a few having a “crescent” shape. A fast Fourier transformation technique is used to obtain the frequency characteristics of the vibration of the cylindrical structure. Using the 2 DOF cylinder model in place of the 1 DOF model presents several advantages in simulating the nonlinear characteristics of cylindrical structures, including the capacity to model the crosswise vibration generated by in-line vibration.     

两自由度不同截面形式柱体涡激振动的CFD数值模拟

文章采用计算流体力学（CFD）方法,结合SST k-棕湍流模型,对低质量比柱体进行两自由度涡激振动数值模拟,得到了柱体升力、曳力系数的时程曲线,并观察了柱体进入锁振状态的幅值变化,研究了不同截面形式柱体在外流速处于0.1-1.0 m/s范围内的振动响应。将圆柱体在不同流速下两向振动的CFD数值模拟与实验数据进行比较,得到了较为满意的结果。通过分析不同截面柱体在不同外流速下的振动幅值发现,带有抑振装置的柱体截面形式能够有效地减小涡激振动,其中,板状截面柱体抑振效果较好。     

Effect of mass ratio on hydrodynamic response of a flexible cylinder

The effect of the mass ratio on the flow-induced vibration (FIV) of a flexible circular cylinder is experimentally investigated in a towing tank. A Tygon tube with outer and inner diameters of 7.9 mm and 4.8 mm, respectively, was employed for the study. The tube was connected to a carriage and towed from rest to a steady speed up to 1.6 m/s before slowing down to rest again over a distance of 1.6 m in still water. Reynolds number based on the cylinder’s outer diameter was 800–13,000, and the reduced velocity (velocity normalized by the cylinder’s natural frequency and outer diameter) spanned from 2 to 25. When connected, the cylinder was elongated from 420 mm to 460 mm under an axial pre-tension of 11 N. Based on the cylinder’s elongated length, the aspect ratio (ratio of the cylinder’s length to outer diameter) was calculated as 58. Three mass ratios (ratio of the cylinder’s structural mass to displaced fluid mass, m*) of 0.7, 1.0, and 3.4 were determined by filling the cylinder’s interior with air, water, and alloy powder (nickel-chromium-boron matrix alloy), respectively. An optical method was adopted for response measurements. Multi-frequency vibrations were observed in both in-line (IL) and cross-flow (CF) responses; at high Reynolds number, vibration modes up to the 3^rd one were identified in the CF response. The mode transition was found to occur at a lower reduced velocity for the highest tested mass ratio. The vibration amplitude and frequency were quantified and expressed with respect to the reduced velocity. A significant reduced vibration amplitude was found in the IL response with increasing mass ratios, and only initial and upper branches existed in the IL and CF response amplitudes. The normalized response frequencies were revealed to linearly increase with respect to the reduced velocity, and slopes for linear relations were found to be identical for the three cases tested.     

非消声水池声强法声功率测试的数值模拟

针对非消声水池中采用声强法获取低频辐射声功率研究较少的情况,提出对声强法声功率测试过程进行数值模拟,以获得必要的测试参数。建立水中大尺度圆柱壳结构的有限元模型以及水池的边界元模型,将圆柱壳的响应作为边界元模型的速度边界条件,计算水池中测试阵面的声强。通过叠加获得圆柱壳的辐射声功率,然后依次调整测试参数(面元大小、阵面高度、自由面和底部包络面、池壁吸声),并将各种计算结果与自由场中圆柱壳的辐射声功率进行比较,最终获得适合工程应用的测试参数设置。     

基于声学无限元法的加筋圆柱壳声振特性研究

以无限长圆柱壳体为研究对象,基于声学无限元法利用数值计算方法对其结构外声场进行分析,对加筋圆柱壳的振动和远场水下噪声特性进行研究,讨论外壳厚度、内壳厚度、托板厚度、型材尺寸等结构参数对壳体表面振动均方加速度级及远场辐射声压级的影响。结果表明:改变外壳厚度参数对其表面振动均方加速度级及远场辐射声压级影响最大。     

时间步长对低质量比圆柱涡激振动数值结果的影响

从圆柱涡激振动数值模拟结果的精度及可信度的角度出发,应用弱耦合算法分析时间步长选取对弹簧支撑低质量比圆柱涡激振动响应结果的影响.计算选取自激振动幅值分支的三个代表性流速,比较不同时间步长下响应结果.比较分析表明:在幅值响应的初始分支和下端分支段,存在最优的时间步长,使得计算效率最高,最接近实验现象;而在幅值响应的上端分支,数值结果要低于实验值,且相位角对求解时间步长非常敏感.     

基于映射声无限元法柱壳振动声辐射特性分析

基于径向形函数可任意变阶的映射声无限元法,对加筋双层圆柱壳的振动声辐射特性进行分析.取无限长圆柱壳体为研究对象,基于映射声无限元法,通过数值计算法对其辐射声场进行研究分析;并将其数值结果与解析解进行对比分析,结果显示二者吻合较好,验证了本文方法的可行性,同时发现此方法具有计算精度好、效率高等优点.在此研究基础上,基于映射变阶声无限元法,对加筋双层圆柱壳的内壳振动特性和远场声辐射特性进行分析,分别讨论内外壳厚度、型材尺寸和托板厚度对加筋双层圆柱壳内壳体表面振动均方加速度级及远场辐射声压级的影响,其分析结果表明,内壳厚度结构参数对其内表面振动均方加速度级及远场辐射声压级的影响最明显.     

基于缸盖振动信号分析的柴油机工况识别

柴油机缸盖振动信号富含气阀落座、气体爆发压力等激励的响应信号.通过对缸盖振动信号的监测可及时发现燃烧异常、气阀间隙异常等状态信息,文中分别提取了气体爆发压力和气阀落座激励的缸盖振动特征信号,然后采用时间序列方法对信号进行分析,提出了相关的状态特征参数.     

双筒减震器数学模型的建立与仿真测试

以双筒减震器为研究对象，建立了其在压缩和复原两个行程中所产生的阻尼力的参数化模型，用虚拟仪器技术LabVIEW对其在正弦激励作用下的外特性和阻尼特性曲线仿真，通过改变模型中的相关参数，分析了影响减震器特性的主要因素．搭建了减震器的液压测试平台，利用LabVIEW的DAQ采集卡采集减震器在工作过程中所受到的力与所产生相应的位移信号，经过适当的处理，得出了实际的外特性曲线，并将实验结果与仿真结果进行对比，发现两者能够较好地吻合，验证了该方法的可行性．     

船舶主汽轮机汽缸刚度分析

船舶设备的振动特性和破坏程度直接影响到船舶的安全,而主汽轮机汽缸的刚度和模态直接影响船舶的振动特性。文章利用相似理论对实际模型进行缩尺比,用AutoCAD软件去设计缩比模型的工装件样式,然后用Hypermesh软件建立缩比模型以及工装件的有限元模型,最后用Abaqus软件对汽缸模型和工装件两部分进行强度校核。将缩尺比模型转换到实际的模型中的模态和静刚度研究,进而确定动刚度,有助于更好地了解舰船主汽轮机的刚度和振动特性,并提高舰船的可靠性和安全性。     

基于独立分量分析与传递函数的气缸压力重构

根据缸盖振动传递特性建立传递函数模型,对振动信号预处理后采用独立分量分析的方法进行分离,结合传递函数法进行压力重构,试验表明,两种方法结合简单有效,采用独立分量分析方法对缸盖振动信号进行分离能更有效地提取出反映燃烧压力分量的部分,重构压力曲线与实测曲线拟合度较好。     

带有复合结构的多层隔振系统振动传递及声辐射研究

本文将船体结构与安装在其上的设备和周围水介质合在一起建立了一个数学物理模型，即研究具有机器──上层隔振器──带有粘弹性材料（阻尼处理）的筏架结构──下层隔振器──基座艇体──外流场的艇体振动及声辐射。首先，从复合结构与流体相互作用问题的有关混合边值问题出发，针对声波辐射特点，推导了一种广义形式的Hamilton原理及有限元形式的运动方程。在此基础上，分别推导了带有粘弹性材料的筏架结构和艇体与声学介质耦合的动力学运动方程式。进一步在阻尼处理面积及位置、上下层隔振器刚体变化、基座面板厚度变化等四个方面对浮筏隔振系统声场特性的影响作了详细计算及分析研究，得到了一系列具有工程应用价值的结论。     

某型汽轮机滑动轴承特性分析

为提高某型汽轮机运行的稳定性,降低机组的振动和噪声,在对机组进行改型的过程中,拟更换汽轮机转子支撑轴承。以滑动轴承为研究对象,基于雷诺方程,利用Dyrobes软件对圆柱瓦轴承、压力坝轴承、四油楔轴承和可倾瓦轴承的特性进行计算。从轴承油膜压力分布、油温、功耗、耗油量、稳定性和对外传递载荷等方面对4种轴承进行分析对比,结果表明,该汽轮发电机组汽轮机转子采用压力坝轴承可改善机组的运行状态,提高转子运行的稳定性,降低轴承的外传力,达到降低机组振动和噪声的目的。     

求解圆柱壳弯曲振动声辐射问题的一种近似解析法

圆柱壳梁式弯曲振动是一种常见模态,其基于摆动柱声辐射理论。通过引入修正因子,将无限长柱的声压计算转换到有限长柱的声压计算中,提出一种求解圆柱壳弯曲振动声辐射问题的近似解析法。结合算例,计算了其弯曲振动的远场声学特性,并与广泛应用的边界元进行了比较。结果表明,两者具有较好的一致性,近似解析法简单快速,可作为工程评定方法。     

Effect of surface roughness and initial gap on the vortex-induced vibrations of a freely vibrating cylinder in the vicinity of a plane wall

We studied the effects of the surface roughness and initial gap on the responses of vortex-induced vibration (VIV) of a circular cylinder near a stationary plane wall, employing numerical methods. The VIV response amplitudes, lock-in regions, hydrodynamic forces, VIV trajectories and flow fields for three different surface roughnesses and two different initial gaps were systematically compared. The results reveal that the reduced velocity range can be divided into three regions based on the VIV amplitude as pre-lock-in, lock-in, and post-lock-in regions. The width of the lock-in region is not sensitive to the variation of the roughness. The mean drag coefficient has a decreasing tendency with the increased roughness. For a small initial gap, the clockwise wall boundary layer vortices has coalesced with the clockwise vortices shed from the upper side of the cylinder, which further suppresses the shedding of the counter-clock wise vortices from the lower side of the cylinder. The vortex shedding flow pattern displays a weak 2S mode. However, for a large initial gap, there is no coalescing action operating in the wake region and hence most of the vortex shedding flow patterns show an asymmetric 2S mode.     

Vortex-induced vibration (VIV) dynamics of a tensioned flexible cylinder subjected to uniform cross-flow

This paper presents the experimental results of a study on the effects of axial applied tension on the vibration amplitude, the suppression of vibration, hydrodynamic force coefficients and in-line (IL) and cross-flow (CF) frequency responses during vortex-induced vibration of a horizontally mounted flexible cylinder with a low mass ratio (cylinder’s mass/mass of displaced water), low bending-stiffness, and high aspect ratio (length/diameter 200) in the subcritical Reynolds number regime (Re = 1000–16000). The effect of tension is studied by applying four different tensions. It was revealed that higher applied tensions, which reduce the vibration amplitude, could significantly raise the hydrodynamic lift force coefficient. In addition, higher applied tensions generate narrower lock-in bandwidths. After the highest vibration amplitude and during the region of lower vibration amplitudes, within the first lock-in region (in the first mode of vibration), power spectral densities show broad bandwidth, while within other regions and higher modes they appear narrow-banded. The ratio of the dominant IL to CF frequency is approximately equal to 2.0, except for the lower reduced velocities, where the ratio values reach 3.83 for the highest tension accompanied by widening of the region in which this ratio is over 2.0. This ratio is 2.76 for the lowest applied tension with a narrower region.