罗红霉素分散片的人体药物动力学及相对生物利用度

目的　研究罗红霉素分散片在健康人体内的药物动力学和相对生物利用度。方法　 1 2名健康男性志愿者 ,采用随机交叉试验设计 ,单剂量口服国产罗红霉素分散片和胶囊 30 0mg ,用微生物检定法测定不同时间的血药浓度。经 3P97程序拟合 ,计算药物动力学参数。结果　罗红霉素分散片和胶囊血药浓度 -时间曲线均符合二室模型 ,主要药物动力学参数 :T1 / 2 β分别为(1 4.76± 2 .77)h和 (1 4.92± 3.1 2 )h ,Tmax分别为 (1 .38± 0 .2 3)h和 (1 .63± 0 .2 3)h ,Cmax分别为(8.37± 0 .66)mg/L和 (8.2 3± 0 .63)mg/L ,AUC0→∞ 分别为 (91 .84± 1 1 .90 )h·mg/L和 (88.55± 1 0 .70 )h·mg/L。经统计学分析 ,两制剂的Cmax和AUC0→∞ 均无显著性差异 (P >0 .0 5) ,罗红霉素分散片的相对生物利用度为 (1 0 3.75± 5.58) %。结论　两制剂具有生物等效性。     

头孢羟氨苄分散片相对生物利用度研究

目的 研究头孢羟氨苄分散片与颗粒剂的相对生物利用度。方法 采用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)测定18名男性健康志愿者单剂量交叉口服500mg头孢羟氨苄分散片与颗粒剂后的血药浓度,计算两者的相对生物利用度。结果 头孢羟氨苄分散片与颗粒剂的Tmax分别为(1..61±0..44)h和(1..58±0..35)h;Cmax分别为(16..0±2..06)mg/L和(16..4±1..99)mg/L;t１／２分别为(2..22±0..26)h和(2..22±0..26)h;药时曲线下面积AUC分别为(60..2±9..79)mg·h/L和(60..7±9..76)mg·h/L;头孢羟氨苄分散片相对生物利用度为(99..3±6..51)%。结论 两种制剂具有生物等效性。     

马洛替酯缓释片人体药代动力学及生物利用度

目的　研究马洛替酯缓释片单次给药和多次给药的人体药代动力学和生物利用度。方法　 2 0名健康男性志愿受试者随机交叉分别单次及多次口服马洛替酯缓释片与普通片 ,采用高效液相色谱法 (HPLC)测定血浆中马洛替酯的浓度 ,用 3P97程序进行数据处理。结果　单次口服马洛替酯缓释片与普通片 (6 0 0mg)后 ,AUC0～ 2 4分别为 (130 .77± 39.81)和 (135 .4 7± 4 6 .39) μg·h·L-1;AUC0～∞ 分别为 (16 4 .4 9± 5 1.6 9)和 (173.0 3± 6 5 .6 9) μg·h·L-1;Tmax分别为(4.15± 1.73)和 (2 .2 5± 0 .72 )h ;Cmax分别为 (2 4 .2 3± 11.2 3)和 (35 .0 5± 16 .0 2 ) μg·L-1;t1/ 2 分别为 (11.11± 2 .92 )和(10 .5 1± 1.98)h。多次口服马洛替酯缓释片 (每次 30 0mg,每日 2次 )与普通片 (每次 2 0 0mg ,每日 3次 )达稳态后 ,AUCss0～τ分别为 (112 .5 7± 34.37)和 (76 .97± 18.0 9) μg·h·L-1;Tmax分别为 (3.35± 1.2 2 )和 (2 .0 0± 0 .6 5 )h ;Cmax分别为 (2 1.4 6± 7.82 )和 (2 5 .2 8± 7.78) μg·L-1;Cmin分别为 (5 .4 5± 1.2 4 )和 (5 .0 6± 0 .81) μg·L-1;Cav分别为 (9.38± 2 .86 )和 (9.6 2± 2 .2 6 ) μg·L-1;波动度 (DF)分别为 (1.6 9± 0 .4 0 ) %和 (2 .0 8± 0 .6 2 ) %。马?     

胶束荧光法对兔血浆中胺碘酮药代动力学的研究

利用具有高灵敏度的胶束荧光法,对胺碘酮的血药浓度进行了监测;使用SLS为胶束试剂,以国产930型荧光光度计为主要分析仪器,得到系列药代动力学参数:t_(1/2)(α)为1.18h,t_(1/2)(β)为40.75h,K_(21)为0.278h~(-1),K_(10)为0.036h~(-1),K_(12)为0.291h~(-1)。该法的线性范围为2×10~(-9)～8×10~(-6)mol/L,检测限为1.3×10~(-9)mol/L,平均回收率为99.93%。     

罗红霉素胶囊在人体的药代动力学及生物等效性

目的建立人血浆中罗红霉素浓度的高效液相分析方法,用于研究罗红霉素胶囊在人体的药代动力学和生物等效性。方法血浆样品采用己烷-异戊醇(98∶2)液-液萃取,反相高效液相法测定。结果罗红霉素的线性范围为0.25-32.06 mg/L(r为0.999 2),最低检出质量浓度为0.25 mg/L,最低检出量为12.5 ng,提取回收率为68.0%-72.8%,方法回收率为90.7%-99.4%。单次服用300 mg罗红霉素胶囊受试制剂或参比制剂后的药动学参数AUC0-48h、Cmaxt、maxt、1/2分别为(101.84±27.69)(mg.h)/L和(103.5±30.83)(mg.h)/L,(8.54±1.95)mg/L和(8.07±1.81)mg/L,(1.6±0.6)h和(1.8±0.6)h,(10.4±2.9)h和(10.5±2.6)h。受试制剂相对生物利用度为(100.5±19.1)%。结论该方法专一性较好,血浆内源性杂质无干扰,结果准确。罗红霉素的两种制剂间主要药动学参数无明显差异,具有生物等效性。     

L-赖氨酸锌和葡萄糖酸锌的药物动力学研究

用原子吸收分光光度法,测定口服L—赖氨酸锌(Zinc L-lysinate)和葡萄糖酸锌(Zinc Glucosate)在家兔体内的血清锌浓度,并计算了它们的药代动力学参数。实验结果表明,葡萄糖酸锌在兔体内处置过程为一级动力学二房室模型,而L—赖氨酸锌近似于一级动力学一房室模型。二者的主要药代动力学参数分别为:葡萄糖酸锌,t_(1/2)(β)9.49h,T(p)1.3h,V/F(c)41.13 1/kg,Cl(S)13.14 1/kg.h,AUC 15.07 mg/kg·h;L—赖氨酸锌,t_(1/2)(ke)1.01h,T(p)1.08h,V/F 57.85 1/kg,Cl/F(s)39.631/kg·h,AUC 5.24mg/kg·h。     

丹参乙酸镁活性代谢产物在大鼠体内的药代动力学特征

目的研究丹参乙酸镁代谢产物M1(3-′O-monomethyl-lithospermic acid B)和M2(3,′3′-′O-dimethyl-lithosper-mic acid B)在大鼠体内的药代动力学特征。方法大鼠静脉注射丹参乙酸镁代谢产物M1或M2,液质联用法进行MRM扫描分析,测定代谢物M1和M2血药浓度,计算药代动力学参数。结果采用该液质联用色谱测定血浆样品中丹参乙酸镁代谢物的方法,血浆内源性物质均不干扰样品峰,相对回收率为:87%-101.4%,日间和日内相对变异系数(CV%)均小于9.77%,血浆中的最低定量限为1μg/L(S/N≥3),线性范围为16-4 096μg/L。M1和M2的t1/2z分别为(1.54±0.81)h和(1.52±0.42)h,MRT(0-t)分别为(0.46±0.07)h和(0.33±0.05)h,AUC(0-tn)分别为(13.63±2.7)(mg.h)/L和(14.96±2.54)(mg.h)/L。结论M1和M2静脉注射的体内代谢过程符合二室模型,消除较快。     

欧前胡素缓释片的制备及家兔血浆动力学研究

目的 制备欧前胡素亲水凝胶缓释骨架片并考察其家兔体内动力学.方法 以羟丙基甲基纤维素(HPMC)和卡波姆为二元骨架系统,采用正交设计法优化欧前胡素缓释片.以GC-MS方法测定血药浓度,采用单次交叉给药方案,以自制欧前胡素普通片为参照,对欧前胡素缓释片进行了家兔体内药动学的初步研究.结果 欧前胡素缓释片优化处方中骨架缓释材料为HPMC K100M 1:20,卡波姆2:25;单剂量口服300 mg欧前胡素缓释片与参比制剂的AUC分别为(391.08±47.22)和(368.25±136.15)μg/(h·L);tmax为(2.26±0.25)和(0.33±0.05)h;Cmax为(59.66±6.28)和(295.91±127.00)μg/L;T1/2ke为(2.27±0.09)和(0.60±0.10)h.缓释片的相对生物利用度为(115.37±45.46)%.结论 采用二元骨架系统制得的欧前胡察缓释片缓释效果良好.     

盐敏感性高血压患者胰岛素抗性的表现

目的　观察盐敏感性高血压患者胰岛素抗性。方法　对 96例高血压患者 ,通过急性盐水负荷试验 ,确定盐敏感 (SS)性高血压和非盐敏感 (NSS)性高血压后 ,分别测空腹及口服 75g葡萄糖后 1 h的血糖及血胰岛素水平。结果　SS性高血压患者空腹血糖与血胰岛素水平比 NSS性高血压患者显著增高 [空腹血糖为 (5.34± 2 .0 4 ) mmol/ L对 (4.65± 0 .57) mmol/ L (P <0 .0 5) ,空腹血胰岛素为 (2 7.2± 2 1 .7) μIU/ ml对 (8.0± 2 .6) μIU/ ml(P <0 .0 1 ) ];SS性高血压患者糖负荷后血糖水平及血胰岛素水平比 NSS性高血压显著增高 ,胰岛素敏感指标显著降低 [血糖为(9.0 0± 3.2 6) mmol/ L对 (7.86± 1 .83) mmol/ L (P <0 .0 1 ) ,血胰岛素为 (87.1± 35.6)μIU/ ml对 (33.2± 2 0 .5) μIU/ ml(P <0 .0 1 ) ,胰岛素敏感指数为 0 .0 0 1 9± 0 .0 0 1 4对 0 .0 0 56± 0 .0 0 34(P<0 .0 1 ) ];且以上变化在肥胖和非肥胖的 SS性高血压患者中均能观察到。结论　盐敏感性高血压患者胰岛素抗性比盐不敏感性高血压患者严重 ,无论肥胖与否这种变化均存在     

D-山梨醇肝清除率评价肝功能性血流量的实验研究

目的　通过动物实验研究D 山梨醇体内的药代动力学 ,评价其在测量正常和肝硬化肝脏的肝功能性血流量、肝内分流率方面的合理性 ,并探讨其临床应用价值和方法。方法　雄性SD大鼠 60只 ,分为肝硬化组 (4 0只 )和正常对照组 (2 0只 ) ,持续静脉滴注D 山梨醇后 ,在不同时间分别采血和收集尿液 ,采用酶分光光度法测量山梨醇血浓度和尿浓度 ,计算正常大鼠和肝硬化大鼠的山梨醇整体清除率 (CLTOTAL)、山梨醇肾清除率 (CLREN) ,从而得出山梨醇肝清除率(CLH)。然后剖腹测量门静脉压 (PVP) ,同时制作肝脏隔离灌注模型 ,采用含山梨醇 0 3 95mmol·L-1的KH液为灌流液 ,分别测量灌流液和流出液的山梨醇浓度 ,计算出肝摄取率 (E)、肝总血流量 (QTOTAL)和肝内分流率 (RINS)。结果　①静脉滴注山梨醇 ,1 2 0min后达稳态血药浓度 ,正常组 (0 2 0 9± 0 0 43 )mmol·L-1,肝硬化组 (0 3 3 4± 0 0 7)mmol·L-1。②正常大鼠PVP =(0 94± 0 1 9)kPa;E =(90 .1± 7.2 ) % ;CLH =(3 4.0 6± 5 .1 2 )mL·min-1;QTOTAL =(3 7.8±5 .44)mL·min-1;RINS=(9.9± 1 .4) %。③肝硬化大鼠PVP =(1 5 6± 0 3 7)kPa;E =(63 8±9 8) % ;CLH=(2 1 3 1± 7 0 2 )mL·min-1;QTOTAL =(3 3 41± 9 71 )mL·min-1;RINS=(3 6 2±9 6)     

Research on pharmacokinetics of high-dose tamoxifen in non-small cell lung cancer patients

Objective To study the pharmacokinetics of tamoxifen at a high dosage, which will offer a theoretical support for an appropriate clinical use of the medicine in non-small cell lung cancer （NSCLC） patients. Methods Three qualified NSCLC patients are selected and given tamoxifen （TAM） 160 mg per Os. Blood samples were collected at different times and then analyzed by high-performance liguid chromatography. The PK-GRAPH program was used to obtain the parameters. Results The concentration-time courses of the TAM 160 mg were fitted to one-compartment model. The pharmacokinetic parameters were estimated as follows： Tmax （6. 35±1. 24）h, Cmax （217. 39±7. 71）ng/mL, AUC （12 127.39±636.16）ng · h/mL and T1/2ke（34. 13±2.97）h. Conclusion TAM 160mg one day per Os cannot reach the effective maintenance concentration in vivo required for reversing MDR in vitro. Loading-maintenance dose strategy is recommended to study the pharmacodynamies of tamoxifen at a high dosage in NSCLC patients.     

用RP-HPLC法分析地尔硫在兔体内的药动学及组织分布

以尼群地平为内标，用反相高效液相色谱法（ＲＰ－ＨＰＬＣ）测定兔口服地尔硫后血浆和组织器官的药物浓度。药动学符合二房室模型。主要参数∶Ｔ１／２（α）＝０．５１ｈ，Ｔ１／２（β）＝６．１１ｈ，Ｔ１／２（ｋａ）＝０．２５ｈ，Ｔ（ｐ）＝０．５２ｈ，口服２ｈ后在胆汁、血、脾、心、肾、肝、大脑和小脑药物浓度分别为∶０．５５９ｍｇ／Ｌ、０．３７５ｍｇ／Ｌ、４．５６２μｇ／ｇ、０．７７１μｇ／ｇ、１．０９３μｇ／ｇ、１．４３９μｇ／ｇ、０．３５９μｇ／ｇ和０．７４１μｇ／ｇ。     

Significance of intensive glycemic control on early diabetic nephropathy patients with microalbuminuria

Objective To investigate the therapeutic effect of intensive glycemic control on patients with early diabetic nephropathy. Methods A total of 41 type 2 diabetes patients who developed microalbuminuria were divided into two groups randomly. Patients in Group A received intensive glycemic control and the blood glucose in Group B was regularly controlled. Glycemic monitoring and control were followed for 12 weeks to observe the changes of microalbuminuria in both groups; meanwhile the levels of serum lipids and coagulation indices were also recorded. Results The urine albumin excretion rate (UAER) in Group A decreased significantly from (47.91±13.86)mg/24h to (35.31±14.56)mg/24h after 12 weeks (P<0.05), and this decrease was significantly greater than that in Group B. However, Group B had no significant difference in UAER decrease [(48.93±13.32)mg/24h to (40.48±19.62)mg/24h, P>0.05]. The decrease of triglyceride (TG) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL cholesterol), and the increase of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL cholesterol) showed no significant differences (P>0.05). And the level of plasma fibrinogen (FIB) showed no significant decrease after 12 weeks, either (P>0.05). Conclusion Intensive glycemic control reduces the level of microalbuminuria and may ameliorate the progression of early diabetic nephropathy.     

大黄素对模拟冷缺血再灌注后肝细胞内钙离子浓度及细胞凋亡的影响

目的 研究中药大黄素对模拟冷缺血再灌注后肝细胞内钙离子浓度及细胞凋亡的影响.方法 体外培养肝细胞株HL-7702,随机分为对照组和大黄素处理组.对照组未予大黄素处理,大黄素处理组按100、10、1 μmol/L分为高、中、低3个浓度组,建立模拟冷缺血再灌注模型,流式细胞技术检测各组细胞内钙离子浓度及细胞凋亡水平,分别检测各组细胞培养上清液乳酸脱氢酶水平.结果 冷缺血8 h再灌注6 h后,高、中、低浓度大黄素处理组钙离子荧光强度分别为(24.12±0.51)、(26.35±1.34)、(39.12±1.94),均显著低于对照组的105.29±1.01(P<0.01).高、中、低浓度大黄素处理组细胞凋亡率分别为(5.46±0.41)%、(10.64±0.64)%、(11.90±0.50)%,均显著低于对照组的(25.40±1.41)%(P<0.01).高、中浓度大黄素处理组上清液LDH含量分别为(179.67±18.57)u/L、(198.83±14.22)u/L,显著低于对照组的(351.33±34.16)u/L(P<0.01).结论 大黄素可降低模拟冷缺血再灌注后的肝细胞内钙离子浓度,抑制细胞凋亡,减轻肝细胞损伤.     

连续性血液净化枸橼酸体外抗凝技术在高危出血患者中的应用

目的研究枸橼酸体外抗凝技术行连续性血液净化(continuous blood purification,CBP)的抗凝效果,解决高危出血倾向患者需行CBP时抗凝难的问题。方法32例高危出血倾向患者随机分为A、B两组,每组16例。均行CBP治疗,均采用枸橼酸抗凝剂为碱基的置换液。A组患者置换液输注速度为2 000 mL/h,血流量200 mL/min,枸橼酸浓度为13.3 mmol/L;B组置换液输注速度为4 000 mL/h,血流量250 mL/min,枸橼酸浓度为7 mmol/L。通过外周静脉补充钙剂。监测患者每日治疗前及结束时全血活化凝血时间(WBACT)、血气分析、血清离子钙及总钙水平。结果32例患者共行CBP治疗112次,总治疗时间1 238.3 h;置换液输入前WBACT与治疗前差异不显著,输入置换液后两组滤器后WBACT(s)较滤器前在2、4、6 h各时间点的延长均有显著性差异(P<0.01);治疗后患者碱剩余(BE)及pH无大幅度上升,无碱中毒出现;治疗前后血清总钙、离子钙水平无显著变化;不加重全身出血倾向,无其他严重不良反应。结论枸橼酸体外抗凝技术能解决高危出血倾向患者行CBP时抗凝难题。     

FOLLICULO-STELLATE CELLS OFTHE RAT ANTERIOR PITUITARY RESPONDED TO ANGIOTENSIN Ⅱ BY INCREASING INTRACELLULAR CONCENTRATION

Objective The main purpose of this study was to investigate whether the folliculo-stellate cells (FSC) respond to angiotensin(Ang) Ⅱ by increasing intracellular free concentration ([]i) ,and where the o-rigin of mobilization is if that has occurred. Methods Pituitary cells in primary culture were prepared from male Wister rats(250g) by a conventional method and cultured in MEM supplemented with 4％ normal rat serum. Af-ter 2 days in culutre,cells were loaded with 1 μmol/L fura-PE3/AM for 1 h and subjected to a ment with Quanti Cell 700 system. Excitation wavelengths of 340 and 380 nm were selected by means of a computer-controlled filterwheel. Results The of FSC in the rat anterior pituitary was elevated by Ang Ⅱ. The eleva-tion of of FSC induced by 0. 1,1.0,10 and 100 nmol/L Ang Ⅱ was (56.33±6.18), (117.07± 36.07), (175.59 ± 40.01 ) and (216.02 ±11.52) nmol/L, respectively. The increase of of FSC induced by 100nmol/L Ang Ⅱ was not influenced by the medium without (0Ca),but significantly suppressed by thapsigargin (TG),an inhibitor of ATPase. The rate of responsive FSC to Ang Ⅱ (100 nmol/L) was 61.84％ which was obviously higher than that of pituitary endocrine cells (43.49％). Conclusion The present experiment demonstrates that the FSC in the rat anterior pituitary responds to Ang Ⅱ by increasing [which raises the possibility that Ang Ⅱ re-leased from either lactotrophs or gonadotrophs affects FSC through paracrine mechanism. The elevation of [induced by Ang Ⅱ presents a dosage-dependent relation, and is possibly because of the release of from an intra-cellular pool (s). Fashions of release are relative to the concentration of Ang Ⅱ. The results indicate that Ang Ⅱ functions as a paracrine factor among pituitary cells including FSC.