THE STUDY ON RELATION BETWEEN CD1a^＋ CELLS AND INFILTRATIVE CD3^＋ AND CD8^＋ CELLS IN RENAL TISSUE OF GLOMERULONEPHRITIS

Objective To discuss the role of dendritic cells (DCs) in cellular immunity pathogenesis of glomerulonephritls (GN). Methods 114 patients with GN were selected randomly and divided into two groups,primary GN (pGN) and secondry GN (sGN). CDIa^ , CD3^ and CD8^ cells in bioptic renal tissues were examine dy immunohistochemically. The distribution of CDla cells and the infiltration of CD3^ and CD8^ cells in renal tissues were observed. Results There was no significant difference of CDIa^ , CD3^ , and CD8^ cells between pGN and sGN group (P＞0. 05). CDIa^ cells had significant positive correlation with the infiltrative CD3^ and CD8 cells,respectively (P＜0.01). The infiltrative CD3^ cells had significant positive correlation with the CD8 cells in the same area, respectively (P＜0.01). CD1a^ cells, CD3^ cells infiltrating in both glomeruli and renal interstitial tissues, and CD8^ cells only infiltrating in renal interstitial tissues, all of them had significant positive correlation with the degree of glomerular proliferation, respectively (P＜0.05). The infiltrative CD3^ and CD8^ cells in renal interstitial tissues had significant positive correlation with the degree of glomerular sclerosis and the lesion degree of renal tubule and interstitial, respectively (P~ 0. 05). There were significant positive correlation between CDla cells and the lesion degree of renal interstitial (P＜0.05). Collusion DCs could activate T lymphocyte by presenting antigen, then the activated T lymphocyte participate in the pathogenesls of GN through releasing cytokine and/or directly damaging the renal tubule and interstitial, which produce more serious glomeralar lesion.     

RESEARCH OF GENETIC POLYMORPHISM OF 5-HTT IN CHILDHOOD AUTISM

Objective To reveal the relationship between the 5-HTTLPR and the Chinese Han nationality children with CA, compared the distribution of the 5-HTTLPR between the Han Chinese children with CA and healthy Han Chinese children , and analyzed the association between the 5-HTTLPR and clinical symptoms of the Han Chinese children with CA. Methods Genomic DNAs of fifty subjects including 25 autistic children and 25 controls were extracted from blood samples. PCR amplification using Oligonucleotide primers flanking 5-HTTLPR was performed. Results① Three kinds of alleles including the S （short） allele, the L （long） allele and the VL allele were found , and the 5-HTTLPR genotypes shown were S/S, L/L, S/L and L/VL. ②Allele frequencies did not differ significantly in patient groups in comparison with the control sample. No significant difference was identified between the observed 5-HTTLPR genotype distribution of the patient groups and control group. ③The distribution of homozygons and heterozygous subjects between the two groups differed significantly. ④ The genotypes of the 5-HTTLPR polymorphism correlated significantly with the Body Movement Factor. ⑤ The allele frequency of healthy Han Chinese population and that of healthy Japanese population were similar. The frequency of S allele in not only autistic subjects but also healthy children in this study was considerably more than that in Caucasians and the frequency of L allele in our subjects decreased correspondingly. Conclusion ① A significant difference in the allele frequency between the Han Chinese and Caucasian populations was found. ② The genotypes of the 5-HTTLPR polymorphism correlated significantly with the Body Movement Factor of the patients. ③ The homozygote and the L allele were positively relevant to CA and they might be the risk factors of CA. The heterozygote and the S allele were negatively relevant to CA and they might be the protective factors of CA.     

Relationship between the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 and angiogenesis in glioma and its clinical significance

Objective To explore the role and significance of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) in angiogenesis through observing the relationship between the expression of MMP-9 and microvessel density (MVD) in glioma. Methods The expressions of MMP-9 and CD34 in 10 cases of normal brain tissues and 58 cases of glioma (14 cases of grade Ⅰ , 20 cases of grade Ⅱ , 15 cases of grade Ⅲ, and 9 cases of grade Ⅳ ) were detected by immunohistochemical streptavidin-peroxidase technique. The positive cells of MMP-9 and the positive microvessels were examined under binocular light microscope. Results The positive expression of MMP-9 in glioma was located in the tumor-cell cytoplast and endothelial cells. The positive rate of MMP-9 in glioma of grade Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ and Ⅳ was 42.9%, 65.0%, 86.7% and 88. 9%, respectively. The expression of MMP-9 was obviously higher than that of normal brain tissues (P<0.01) and positively correlated with glioma malignancy (rz =0. 597, P<0.05). MVD was correlated with glioma malignancy (H=47. 865, P<0. 05). The expression of MMP-9 was significantly correlated with MVD (rz =0.897, P<0.01). Conclusion The expressions of MMP-9 and MVD are correlated with glioma malignancy, which may be helpful in judging the malignancy, invasion and prognosis. MMP-9 plays an important role in angiogenesis of glioma and accelerates glioma malignancy development by promoting angiogenesis.     

THE EFFECT OF LIGUSTRAZINE ON NEUROGENESIS IN CORTEX AFTER FOCAL CEREBRAL ISCHEMIA IN RATS

Objective To explore the effect of Ligustrazine on neurogenesis in cortex after focal cerebral ischemia in rats. Methods Focal cerebral ischemia was induced by left middle cerebral artery occlusion with a suture. Two hours later, injection of Ligustrazine （80 mg/kg, 1 time/d） was performed peritoneally. Four hours after the ischemia, 5-bromodeoxyuridine （BrdU） （50 mg/kg, 1 time/d） was injected peritoneally. At 7 d, 14 d and 21 d after ischemia, BrdU positive cells in the cortex were observed by cal staining. Results In ischemic model group, at 7 day, sparsely-distributed BrdU positive cells were observed in the Ⅱ-- Ⅵ layers of the ipsilateral cortex, with a bandlike distribution in ischemic penumbra. With the prolongation of ischemia, the number of BrdU positive cells increased. In Ligustrazine group, BrdU positive cells were also observed in theⅡ-- Ⅵ layers of the cortex, with an intense distribution in ischemic penumbra. The numbers of BrdU positive cells at 7 d, 14 d and 21 d were more than those in ischemic model group respectively. Conclusion Ligustrazine increases the proliferated cells in cortex after focal cerebral ischemia in rats. The results suggest that it may be useful for promoting self-repair after ischemia.     

TISSUE FACTOR PATHWAY INHIBITOR-2 AS A PROGNOSTIC FACTOR IN PANCREATIC CARCINOMA

Objective To establish the correlation between tissue factor pathway inhibitor 2 (TFPI-2) and the progression of pancreatic carcinoma(PC) after detecting the expression level of TFPI-2 in PC,and to evaluate the value of TFPI-2 as prognostic index in PC.Methods Expression levels of TFPI-2 in 10 normal and 25 cancerous/juxta-cancerous pancreas were testified with Western blot and RTPCR analyses respectively.Expression density of TFPI-2 in each group was analyzed with HPIAS image analyzer and compared with ANOVA.The correlation between the expression level of TFPI-2 and malignancy was tested with Spearman rank correlation.Disease-specific survival curves were calculated according to Kaplan Meier algorithm,and log rank test was used to compare survival curves.Then,Cox regression analysis was applied to determine the single contribution of each covariate on survival rate.Results The expression level of TFPI-2 decreased along with progression of PC with significant difference among groups (P <0.05),and there was a significantly negative correlation between TFPI-2 protein and progression (r= -ft 816,P <0.001).Among the 13 studied variables,such as the expression level of TFPI-2 protein, tumor stage,portal vein resection,lymph node metastasis,only lymph node metastasis was a predictor of outcome.However,when we analyzed the survival without considering lymph node metastasis,a stepwise Cox analysis showed that expression level of TFPI-2 protein and combined organ resection were significantly associated to survival.Conclusion The data showed that there was strongly correlation between the expression level of TFPI-2 and the progression and survival of PC,which suggested that TFPI-2 could be a newly prognostic factor and a novel approach for gene therapy for PC.     

An experimental study of pioglitazone in treating vascular dementia

Objective To compare the therapeutic effects of different doses of pioglitazone, a kind of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) agonist, on vascular dementia and explore how pioglitazone affects cerebral ischemia. Methods Modified Pulsinelli's vessel ligation was used to establish a vascular dementia model in rats. Recognition, learning and memory were evaluated by Morris's water maze test. Immunoenzyme staining was used to determine the number of nerve cells. Immunofluorescence double-staining was used to examine the expression of PPARγ/nerve cells and PPARγ/astrocytes in different groups. Results Both in pioglitazone groups and sham-operation group, the latency was reduced significantly compared to that in control group (P<0.01). Sham-operation group had the largest number of neurons in the cortex, followed by low-dose pioglitazone group and high-dose pioglitazone group, and control group came last. Compared with control group, pioglitazone groups had more PPARγ expression in nerve cells, and the fluorescence intensity of PPARγ was stronger. Conclusion Pioglitazone can induce the expression of PPARγ in neuron endochylema and astrocyte endochylema to protect nerve cells, and then to improve spatial learning and memory function in VD rats.     

Interaction between fragile histamine triad and protein kinase C alpha in human non-small cell lung cancer tissues

Objective To investigate the interaction between fragile histamine triad (FHIT) and protein kinase C alpha (PKCα) in human non-small cell lung cancer tissues. Methods FHIT and PKC伪 double positive samples were screened by immunohistochemical staining from 13 human non-small cell lung cancer tissues. Co-immunoprecipitation was performed by using anti-FHIT and anti-PKCα. The immune precipitate was analyzed by SDS-PAGE and Western blot. Results Immune precipitate staining detection showed that 3 samples out of the 13 cases were double positive for FHIT and PKCα. FHIT protein was present in the immune precipitate of anti-PKCα while there was PKCα in the immune precipitate of anti-FHITmAb. Conclusion FHIT and PKCα exist as a complex in human non-small cell lung cancer tissues, which will provide a new route for studying the pathogenesis and immunotherapy of human non-small cell lung cancer.     

Comparison Between Two Solutions Based on the Relationship of Load—deflection Character of a Large Deflection Rubber Circular Plate

The rubber circular plate is considered as a kind of membrane. Based on the character that there exists no bending-moment inside a membrane, the geometric behavior of the rubber circular plate in expanding state was described with the aid of a group of mathematic method. The relationship between deflection and load was attained by means of calculating stress and strain inside the curved-surface of rubber plate. Meantime, based on Hencky method, the relationship between deflection and load was attained and considered as the Hencky solution. The dif-ferent results given rise by the two different resolving methods were compared. The deviation results from the Hencky method was discussed, and a kind of correcting method was put forward.     

The development of an OxyHb animal model in mice and the study on OxyHb-induced apoptosis of mouse brain cells in vivo

Objective On the basis of developing a new animal model for oxyhemoglobin (OxyHb) injection into subarachnoid space in mice, this research was to explore the temporal dependence and spatial distribution of OxyHb- induced apoptosis in the mouse brain cells in vivo and the mechanism of neurocyte injury induced by OxyHb. Methods The animal model for OxyHb injection into subarachnoid space in mice was developed. Mice were divided randomly into the experimental group (n=40) and the control group (n= 35). The control group received saline injection (50 μL ) and the experimental group received OxyHb injection (50 μL ), both into the subarachnoid space. The mice of the two groups were subdivided according to different postoperative time (3 h, 6 h, 12 h, 24 h and 48 h). The apoptosis or necrosis of cells was distinguished with microscopy (HE staining), transmission electron microscopy and TUNEL method. Results The distribution of apoptosis was mainly in the ipsilateral neocortex and bilateral hippocampal gyrus. The apoptotic mouse brain cells showed morphological changes in the experimental group by HE staining and transmission electron microscopy. The count of TUNEL-positive cells showed substantial increase in the experimental group, and there was a significant difference between the control and experimental groups, and the number of OxyHb- induced apoptotic cells decreased with time. Conclusion OxyHb in subarachnoid space in mice can induce apoptasis, but not necrosis of mouse brain cells in viro. The apoptotic brain cells show the pattern of temporal dependence and spatial distribution. It is suggested that the early treatment should be the method of first choice for treating the hemorrhagic brain injury.     

Scale-Free Behavior in Weighted Stock Network

A weighted stock network model of stock market is presented based on the complex network theory. The model is a weighted random network, in which each vertex denotes a stock, and the weight assigned to each edge is the cross-correlation coefficient of returns. Analysis of A shares listed at Shanghai Stock Exchange finds that the influence-strength (IS) follows a power-law distribution with the exponent of 2.58. The empirical analysis results show that there are a few stocks whose price fluctuations can powerfully influence the price dynamics of other stocks in the same market. Further econometric analysis reveals that there are significant differences between the positive IS and the negative IS.     

EFFECT OF LOW SELENIUM ON CHONDROCYTE DIFFERENTIATION AND DIFFERENTIAL EXPRESSION OF COLLAGEN TYPES Ⅰ , Ⅱ AND X IN ARTICULAR CARTILAGE FROM MINI-PIGS

Objective According to the distribution of low selenium areas, low nutrition state of the residents and the affecting cartilage growth and articular cartilage of Kashin-Beck Disease(KBD),the chondrocyte differentia- tion and differential expression of collagen types Ⅰ , Ⅱ and Ⅹ in articular cartilage from Chinese mini-pigs treated with low selenium were investigated in order to gain insight into the effects of these conditions on chondrocyte differ- entiation in KBD cartilage. Mothods Eleven male juvenile mini-pigs, aged from 4 weeks to 6 weeks after birth, were divided into 3 groups. The Se content in the diet of the “low Se” group was 0. 035mg/kg diet, and 0. 175 mg/kg diet in the control. For Se-supplemented group 0. 390mg /kg diet was added. The content of Se in blood was assayed at the beginning and at the end of each experiment. Samples of articular cartilage were taken from the right femur condylus, and collagen types Ⅰ , Ⅱ and Ⅹ in articular cartilage were analyzed by immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization. Results ①All cartilage samples from juvenile mini-pigs fed with low selenium diet revealed a re- duction in type Ⅹ collagen mRNA expression in the hypertrophic chondrocytes as shown by in situ hybridization, and reduced type Ⅹ collagen deposition in the lower hypertrophic zone as shown by immunohistochemistry. ②Addition of selenium to the diet restored the type Ⅹ collagen to normal level. ③Type Ⅱ collagen was evenly distributed over the entire articular cartilage in all experimental and control groups. Type Ⅱ collagen mRNA signals were most prominent in the upper articular layer as well as in the hypertrophic zone in all groups. Type Ⅱ collagen expression was restrict- ed to the zone of endochondral ossification in all experimental groups and the control. Conclusion Low selenium has an down-regulatory role on the synthesis and deposition of collagen type Ⅹ in hypertrophic chondrocytes in articular cartilage of mini-pigs. Supplement of the low Se diet with additional Se restored the signals of collagen type Ⅹ to nor- mal levels. These findings indicate that selenium deficiency may disturb chondrocyte differentiation to hypertrophic cells in the growth plate,and worthy to be investigated further.     

The β-amyloid protein induces S100 β expression in rat hippocampus through a mechanism that involves IL-1

Objective To explore the effect of β-amyloid protein （Aβ） on S100β expression in rat hippocampus and its mechanisms. Methods At 7 days after bilateral stereotaxls injection of different dose of fibrillar Aβ25--35 and interluekin-1 receptor antagonist （IL-1ra） into the rat CA1 region, the learning and memory abilities of rats were tested with passive avoidance task. Amyloid deposition was detected by using Congo red staining technique. Nlssl staining and immunohlstochemical techniques were used to analyze the number of neurons, and GFAP and the S100β expression in hippocampal CA1 region , respectively. Results After fibrillar Aβ injection, the step-through latency of rats was significantly shortened compared to that of the control group. The GFAP positive astrocytes were found surrounding amyloid deposition. Neuronal loss occurred in the pyramidal cell layer of CA1 region. The number of S100β positive cells in Aβ-treated group was significantly increased compared with that in the control group. After IL-1ra injection, the number of S100β positive cells was significantly decreased. Conclusion Intrahippocampal injection of Aβ25 - 35 could cause similar pathologic changes of Alzheimer＇s disease. Aβ 25- 35 was capable of up-regulating S100β expression in a dose-dependent manner. The injection of IL-1ra could attenuate the effect of Alton S100β expression.     

THE EXPRESSION OF BCL-2, BAX AND CASPASE-3 IN NEURON OF THE SPINAL CORD ANTERIOR HORN AFTER CAUDA EQUINA ACUTE COMPRESSION

Objective To explore the influence of the acute cauda equina compression on the iumbosacral spinal cord; To clarify the pathologic change of the motor neuron after acute cauda equina compression. Methods 27 canis familiaris were randomly divided into 9 groups （3 in each） ： one for normal group, one for control group, and seven for compression groups. The control group and compressed groups was given operation and the sac made of silica gel was placed under the lamina of L5-6. Water was injected into the sac until their posterior legs paralysis in compressed groups, the animals had been compressed for 4, 8, 12, 24, 48, 72, 168 hours. The control group were not injected water. Cells apoptosis was investigated with the technology of TdT-mediated biotin dUTP nick end-labeling （TUNEL） staining. The Bcl-2 Bax and Caspase-3 protein was investigated by immunohistochemical method. Results TUNEL staining cells in anterior horn presented after compressed 8-12 hours, and at 72 hours the number of positive cells got to maximum, it decreased subsequently after 168 hours. The protein of Bax, Bcl-2 expressed a little in normal motor neuron. The caspase-3 protein didn＇t express in normal ceil. They all reached the peak at 72 hours after compression. Conclusion The apoptosis of motor neuron occurred earlier after eauda equina acute compression. Bax protein restrained Bcl-2 protein then active caspase-3 and conduced apoptosis of motor neuron.     

Serum levels of RBP4 might not be determined by diabetes mellitus but by kidney function and renal replacement therapy

It has been reported that retinol-binding protein 4(RBP4) is associated to adiposity,insulin resistance,and type 2 diabetes.Meanwhile,circulating RBP4 levels are also affected by renal function.The aim of the present study is to investigate whether serum levels of RBP4 are primarily associated with different stages of chronic kidney disease(CKD) or type 2 diabetes,if there is more potential relevance between RBP4 and renal replacement therapy.The serum levels of RBP4 were assessed by commercial competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)kit in 212 patients with the CKD stages 1—5 and in 24 healthy controls,while its correlation with clinical and metabolic parameters was analyzed.The serum level of RBP4 had a strong correlation with estimated glomerular filtration rate(e GFR)(P 0.001).Stratified by e GFR and treatment,no more differences in RBP4 serum concentration were detected between type 2 diabetic and non-diabetic subjects [CKD stages 1—5,non-dialysis(ND),hemodialysis(HD) and peritoneal dialysis(PD);P 0.05 for all].The elevation of RBP4 become higher in HD than in PD and ND in CKD5 patients(P = 0.008 and P = 0.04,respectively),while there was no significant difference between PD and ND groups.Multivariate linear regression analysis demonstrated three independent predictors of e GFR(β =-0.676,P 0.001),C-reactive protein(CRP)(β =-0.573,P 0.001) and creatine(β = 0.509,P = 0.024) in the study population.The study results demonstrated that the serum level of RBP4 was negatively related to the e GFR,whether diabetes mellitus(DM) affected the blood concentration of RBP4 or not.And the serum level of RBP4 exhibited significant difference in different renal replacement therapies.     

DETERMINATION OF URINE TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR, IL-6, IL-8 AND SERUM IL-6 IN PATIENTS WITH HEMORRHAGIC FEVERS WITH RENAL SYNDROME

Objective To explore the roles of cytokines in the pathogenesis of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome（HFRS）. Methods Double-antibody sandwich ELISA was used to determine serum interleukin （IL）-6, urine tumor necrosis factor （TNF）, IL-6 and IL-8 levels in 56 patients with HFRS. Results Serum IL-6, urine TNF, IL-6 and IL-8 concentrations in HFRS patients were significantly higher than those in control group, respectively （P〈0. 001）. The concentrations increased at fever stage, then continued to increase during hypotension stage and peaked at oliguria stage. The concentrations of serum IL-6, urine TNF, IL-6 and IL-8 increased in accord with the severity of the disease and differed greatly among different types of the disease. Serum IL-6 had remarkable relationships with serum specific antibodies. It was positively related to serum β2 -microglobulin （β2 -MG）, blood ureanitrogen （BUN） and creatinine （Cr）. Significant positive relationships were also found both between urine IL-6 and TNF, and between IL-6 and IL-8 （r=0.5768, P〈0.05; r=0. 3760, P〈0.01）. Conclusion TNF, IL-6 and IL-8 activated during the course of the disease. IL-6 is associated with the immunopathological lesions caused by the hyperfunction of humoral immune response. IL-6, IL-8 and TNF are involved in the renal immune impairment. Determining them might, in certain extent, be used in predicting the prognosis and outcome of patients with HFRS.     

Phospholipase A2 changes and its significance on brain tissue of rat in severe acute pancreatitis

Objective To survey changes and the significance of phospholipase .42 （PLA2） on brain tissue of SD rat in acute pancreatitis. Methods With retrograde injection of 3% taurocholate sodium into pancreatic and biliary duct, rat model of severe acute pancreatitis （SAP） was made, and it included four groups： the control group, the shamoperation group, the SAP group and the PLA2 inhibitor-treated group of SAP. Serum amylases, PLA2 and PLA2 in brain tissue were measured and the brain tissue changes were observed. Results There were no significant difference in serum amylases, PLA2 and PLA2 in brain tissue between the sham-operation and the control groups; the levels of serum amylases, PLA2 and PLA2 in brain tissue in the SAP group were higher than those in the control. In the SAP group expansion and hemorrhage of meninges, intracephalic arteriolar hyperemia, in meninges and cephalic-parenchyma infiltration of inflammatory cells and interval broaden were observed, significant differences were found between two groups. Compared with the SAP group, the level of serum amylase, PLA2 and PLA2 in brain tissue were reduced significantly in the treatment group of SAP. Pathological damages in the treatment group were significantly reduced when compared with the SAP group. Conclusion PLA2 might play an important role in brain tissue damages in severe acute pancreatitis.     

EXPRESSION OF IL-2 AND SIL-2R AND ALTERATION OF CELL IMMUNITY IN PATIENTS WITH HYPERTENSIVE CEREBRAL HEMORRHAGE

Objective To study the expression of interleukin-2 （IL-2）, soluble interleukin-2 receptor （sIL-2R）, determine the alteration of erythrocytic immunity and T cell subgroup in the blood of outer circulation in patients with hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage so and to probe into the relationship between them, and to explore the clinical significance. Methods Enzyme linked immnunosorbent assay （ELISA） was used to determine the content of IL-2 and slL-2R. The immunoadsorption was employed to examine the erythrocytic immune activity and its regulating function. （ S-P） was used to determine the cell number of CD3 （cluster of differentiation3）, CD4 and CD8. Resolts The content of IL-2 in the group with hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage was significantly lower than that in the control group （P〈0.01）, and the content of sIL-2R increased. Red blood cell C3b receptor （RBC. C3bR） and RBC immune adherence enhancing factor （RFEB） dropped greatly （P〈0.01）, while RBC immune complex rosette （RBC. ICR） and RBC immune adherence inhibiting factor （RFIR） increased greatly. The cell number of CD3 and CD4decreased （P〈0.01） and there was no obvious change in CD8 （P〈 0. 05）. Conclusion The decrease of immune function was observed in patients with hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage. The determination of the content of IL-2, sIL- 2R, erythrocytic immunity and the activity of T subgroup has an important clinical significance in the occurrence, development, treatment, and prognosis of hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage.     

THE COLONIC TRANSIT TEST IN THE ASSESSMENT OF CHRONIC CONSTIPATION

In order to assess colonic motility of chronic constipation, colonic transit test was carried out in 34 patients with chronic constipation and in 20 healthy subjects. 20 radiopaque markers are ingested at 8 am before the day test, and plain abdominal films were obtained at 24 h, 48 h and 72 h. The normal value of colonic transit test was 16(80%), or more markers passed after 72 h. By means of transit time study, 34 constipated patients were classified into 2 groups: 12 normal transit patients and 22 slow transit patients. There was no difference in colonic transit time between normal transit patients and controls (P＞0.05). Patients with slow transit had more markers left in right colon, left colon and rectosigmoid colon at 48 h (P＜0.01, respectively) and 72 h (P＜0.01, respectively). According to the transit index, 22 slow transit patients were divided into 3 types: 10 cases colonic stasis, 8 cases outlet obstruction and 4 cases colorectal stasis. The study suggests that chronic constipated patients have abnormalbilities of colonic transit.     

The expressions and significance of MMP-2 and TIMP-2 in human pancreatic carcinoma

Objective To study the expressions of MMP-2 and TIMP-2 in pancreatic carcinoma and their relationship with tumor invasion, local metastasis and prognosis of the carcinoma. Methods The expressions of MMP-2 and TIMP-2 were examined in 32 patients with pancreatic carcinomas by S-P immunohistochemical technique and the correlation with pathological tumor parameters were analyzed. Survival analysis was made by using the Kaplan-Meier method. Results The positive rates of MMP-2, TIMP-2 in 32 patients with pancreatic carcinoma were 56.25% and 75.00%, which were significantly higher than those of the controls（P〈0.05）. Expressions of MMP-2 and TIMP-2 were independent of sex, age, histological grading and type, but well correlated with the lymph node metastasis and TNM clinical staging （Ⅰ and Ⅲ, Ⅱ and Ⅲ ）. There was a significant association between MMP-2, TIMP-2 and prognosis in pancreatic carcinoma. Conclusion MMP-2 and TIMP-2 might be useful markers for biological aggressiveness of this malignancy and might contribute to the invasive properties of pancreatic carcinoma, which can be used to evaluate the prognosis of patients.