基于边际效用的民机备件库存优化模型

为了最大限度地发挥民机备件的保障作用,使各种备件的库存水平最优,在综合考虑备件的技术性、经济性与可获取性的基础上,以备件缺货导致的民机平均维修等待时间为优化目标,以总航材供应成本为约束条件,建立了民机备件库存优化模型。在对备件单位成本的边际效用进行分析的基础上,采用启发式算法对模型进行求解,得到备件库存水平的优化方案。实例验证表明:在给定供应成本约束条件下,与仅依据各种备件保障率的计算结果相比,实际维修等待时间缩短了11.5%,库存备件资金降低了27.5%,因此,该模型是客观有效的,可节约库存成本,显著提高飞机的利用水平。     

Warship spare parts configuration optimization for stock control: Investigating the gap between qualitative and quantitative constraints

This paper investigates the gap between qualitative and quantitative constraints in spare parts stock control, with specific reference to warship spare parts support projects. A critical literature review of theoretical contributions about qualitative or quantitative factors for warship spare parts warehouse management is firstly provided, which allows to analyze the reasons for this qualitative-quantitative gap by addressing the limitations of spare parts models developed in the literature. Therefore a model including cloud model, marginal analysis and Lagrange multiplier method (CML) for study is proposed in this paper to bridge the gap. The model is used to solve the mix-constraints (both qualitative and quantitative constraints are considered) problem in a logic decision diagram particularly at the different decision nodes of the diagram. Finally, verifying test results show that the algorithm is feasible and its optimal support project meets the needs of engineering practices.     

Optimal allocation of fleet’s spare parts for system reliability

Allocation of fleet’s spare parts is rarely studied due to its complexity. However, this task is extremely important because the warship’s service level highly relies on the maintenance logistics’ level. In this study, the readiness ratio is proposed as a critical index in measuring the system’s reliability. A well-established mathematical model adopting the optimization method of spare part allocation is also introduced. The objective is to minimize the number of each spare part while satisfying the fleet’s system reliability. The fault tree analysis (FTA) is applied to analyze the system’s failure logic and stratify the units on ship. As a result, the strategy of spare part sharing can be introduced in detail. The solution algorithm is developed, and the simulation experiments to obtain the key parameters are conducted. The proposed model and algorithm are applied to an actual fleet of two warships, and results show that the method above is feasible and can be directly applied into practice.     

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列车备品是铁路旅客列车上的重要服务设施,直接影响铁路旅客运输及列车服务质量.由于在旅客运输生产服务过程中,不可避免会发生各类备品的丢失、污损、破损和损耗等情况,为保证旅客列车服务质量,必须对丢失、污损、破损和损耗的各类备品及时补充和更换.本文首先将铁路旅客列车备品划分为三类,然后根据采购、库存和使用各类备品过程中的特性,采用库存理论基本原理和方法,结合中国铁路旅客运输生产实际,提出计算旅客列车备品订购和库存管理模型,分析备品的理想订购和库存管理模型与实际订购和库存管理模型的关系及应用.     

高速公路机电设施维护精细化管理探讨

随着高速公路里程的逐步增多,机电设备种类的不断增加,现有机电设备的逐渐老化,高速公路机电系统维护越来越成为重要议题.从人员管理、设备管理及日常养护管理三个方面予以分析,提出人员管理应科学化、设备（备件）管理应制度化和日常维护应定量化.     

武警部队运输零部件库存模型建立与应急状态应用研究

分析了武警部队运输零部件保障的特征,建立了平时基于无限供给率的确定性零部件库存模型和战时基于随机性需求、确定型订货提前期的库存模型,最后,结合武警部队应急保障任务的实际,对零部件库存模型进行了实例应用分析,得出了最大订货量和平均订货量,验证了模型的可行性,对于优化武警部队汽车零部件库存量、节省经费,提高保障能力具有较好的参考价值。     

民用航空发动机在翼时间控制方法

为了通过视情维修策略控制民航发动机在翼时间,分析了发动机维修与在翼时间的特点,建立了反映在翼时间与状态监测变量和故障强度之间关系的比例强度模型,确立了性能衰退下的在翼时间控制限与单位时间总成本期望值最小时的最优预防性维修间隔,并进行了CF6-80C2A5型发动机运营数据的实例验证。结果表明:故障强度小,则在翼时间控制限低;预防性维修与事后维修成本率会影响最优预防性维修间隔;完备的发动机拆换与在翼历史记录、维修成本、适航与制造商要求、寿命件限制等数据是提高在翼时间控制准确性的关键。     

建筑钢结构典型零部件加工要点探析

本文分析了建筑钢结构典型零部件加工方法、加工要点,对如何使钢结构零部件加工规范化,如何掌握零部件加工的质量控制要点进行了探讨与分析,有利于进一步提高钢结构典型零部件加工水平。     

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基于铁路装车地直达列车的大宗原材料供应方式,研究生产企业库存优化问题.结合企业特定产品日销量的概率分布、产量盈亏平衡点、流水线设计能力等确定库存的随机输出量,依据装车地直达列车运行图的列车到达时刻及卸货量作为库存的输入量及输入时点.采用基于时间步长法的系统仿真方法获得原材料采购环节的库存优化策略,综合原材料库存持有成本、批量折扣成本、订货固定成本,以及缺货成本建立仿真模型.利用MATLAB编程获得特定算例的仿真最优解,模拟结果表明,订货量、直达列车发车间隔是左右库存仿真映像优化水平的核心要素.     

基于收益管理的季节性商品动态定价策略

以期望收益最大化为目标,研究了基于收益管理的季节性商品的定价策略,给出了在有用户保留价格情况下连续时间定价策略模型,并求出了需求为泊松过程和用户保留价格为指数分布时的最优解.算例分析表明:最优价格是初始库存的递减函数,是潜在购买率和销售时间段的递增函数;期望利润是初始库存和剩余销售时间的递增函数,同时边际期望利润是初始库存的递减函数.     

考虑补货周期偏移的最优库存控制双层规划

研究了物流系统中多产品共用仓库的存贮策略.假设库存系统的平均总费用包括每次订货的固定订购费、产品所需仓库空间决定的固定存贮费,以及实际存贮产品数量决定的可变存贮费.通过多产品补货周期的相对偏移节省存贮空间和费用.最优库存控制双层规划模型中,以库存系统的平均总费用最小为上层目标,以库存系统所需的仓库空间最小为下层目标,上下层模型的决策变量分别为补货周期和补货周期的偏移量.设计了求解该模型的粒子群优化算法,求得最优补货周期和补货周期偏移量.用算例验证了模型和算法的有效性.     

Research on Equipment Support Activity Process Simulation Based on Monte Carlo Method

The influencing factors of the equipment support activity process have the characteristics of nonlinearity, high dimension, many constraints, random uncertainty and fuzzy uncertainty. Monte Carlo method can solve the above problems commendably. This paper analyzes the main equipment support activity process and establishes the sampling plan and simulation model of the medium maintenance process based on Monte Carlo method, and the simulation result verifies a fact that the medium maintenance time can be effectively reduced when parallel operation on some procedures is used. It has a practical value and can give good advice to achieve the capability of equipment supportability.     

接触网检修计划自动编制模型构建与应用

针对接触网检修计划人工编制效率低又难以实现优化的问题，将接触网检修计划编制转化为一个规划优化问题，利用整数规划方法，同时考虑接触网检修作业的连续性，将设备检修状态作为决策变量，以超周期惩罚费用与检修路径代价最小为优化目标，建立基于弹性周期区间的接触网检修计划自动编制模型，并基于多目标规划中分层序列法提出模型的启发式求解算法. 通过实际算例验证证明:该方法可实现接触网检修计划的自动编制与优化，编制时间相对于人工节省99.98%，巡检路径节省33.16%，提高了接触网检修计划的编制效率和效果.      

企业运输计划研究

考虑企业仓储量有限，生产需求一定，而运输时间不确定的特点，本文建立了一个库存优化模型，并给出了解法，应用此模型，可优化制定企业原料运输计划，节省费用，文中所提供的一个工厂实例运算结果表明此模型具有一定的实用价值。     

基于存储论的高速公路通行卡库存管理研究

为了提高高速公路通行卡的流转效率,提出了一种基于存储论的高速公路通行卡库存管理模型。利用高速公路复合通行卡CPC历史流转数据,基于自回归移动平均模型（Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average Model, ARIMA),对CPC卡需求量及流转量进行预测。该模型结合存储论的方法与思想,提出库存管理周期以及最大库存、预警值及最佳订购/调拨量等相关参数,实现了库存管理的动态调整。最后进行实例分析,得出基于存储论的库存管理模型对通行卡需求量与流转量的预测误差分别为7.4%和11.5%,表明该模型预测精度较高且能够根据通行卡流转情况动态调整各相关变量,减少了收费站库存成本,提高了通行卡使用效率以及高速公路服务水平。     

Maintenance decision making model with multiple attribute optimization

An effective maintenance schedule can largely improve productivity and reduce maintenance costs for enterprises. Many factors, such as resource, production, cost and crew, should be considered when we make maintenance plans. However, it is difficult to meet all requests of the production targets in practical engineering.The multiple attribute decision making for equipment maintenance is proposed in this paper, and the multiple objectives decision making method is utilized to solve the problem in the maintenance process. In the particular environment and resources, a case is studied to illustrate the model and methods. The model gives the optimal maintenance plan with the analytic hierarchy process method in accordance with the particular criteria. It has been proved that this model and decision methods are scientific and operable.     

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库存在配送系统优化过程中影响甚大,过高的库存或库存不足均会对配送系统造成不良影响。研究了连锁零售配送系统的配送中心和门店的两级库存水平和订货策略问题。通过在数学解析模型的优化结果基础上,应用三维可视化离散事件仿真方法建立了在FLEXSIM软件平台上的配送系统的仿真模型,并结合约束理论与系统仿真对仿真过程进行优化,缩减了仿真方案的数量和提高了仿真的效率并得到优化的仿真方案。研究结果表明,基于整合约束理论的三维可视化仿真是可以提高仿真效率并增强仿真交互性的有效方法。     

E-Shop Transshipment Selection Evaluation Based on Cloud Model

In e-commerce, a critical problem is how to transship the products between different e-shops to lessen the risk of out of stock, especially in network shopping mall of China. Most of importance is how to select the optimal one in the waiting list of e-shops to make the transshipment economical. However, many factors that influence the effect of transshipment are uncertain and fuzzy, such as customer demand, product price and inventory level. Based on the cloud model theory, a novel method for evaluation of e-shop transshipment selection in the same network shopping mall is proposed to solve the problem. The factors that influence the transshipment effect are discussed in detail. An example of selecting the optimal e-shop to transship products to the out of stock e-shop is given on the basis of the steps of our evaluation calculation. Finally, the result shows that it can effectively optimize transshipment in online shopping economically.     

Study on simulation modeling and evaluation of equipment maintenance

Aiming at the actual demand for the maintenance support of new general equipments, this paper analyzes the structure and circulation of maintenance support system, builds the simulation model of running process by entity flow chart method, and constructs the basic frame of the simulation model. The generating method of random variables and the advancing process of the simulation clock are described, and the accurate prediction of maintenance equipment is realized. Moreover, the material readiness rate is analyzed in statistics objective to evaluate the simulation result. The research is of significance for improving the efficiency of equipment maintenance and the promotion of material readiness rate.     

基于合作博弈的易腐品联合采购策略分析

为了降低采购成本、保持持久的竞争能力,企业采取了联合采购策略.针对易腐品的特点,建立了多销售商联合采购的成本分摊模型,利用合作博弈理论,将联合采购的成本分摊问题转换为费用分摊博弈问题.通过对销售商联合采购行为的研究,证明了该博弈为凹博弈,且存在最优的联合订货策略. 研究发现:联合采购降低了单位时间内各销售商的固定订货成本及总成本,并且联合采购降低成本的优势随着产品损耗率的增大而更加显著.此外,当考虑协调成本时,若固定订货成本与库存成本、产品购买成本之和的比值递减,则该类博弈满足次加性并且核心非空.