Numerical analysis of material properties in deformation of near hemispherical shells

In this paper, the effects of hardening exponent, yield strength and elastic modulus on the deformability of near hemispherical shells are investigated by means of finite element method and orthogonal experiment design. The largest eccentric angle during the deformation process and thickness reduction after the deformation are introduced to estimate the deformability quantitatively according to the deformation characteristics of near hemispherical shells. The results indicate that the hardening exponent is the most influential parameter, followed by elastic modulus and yield strength. The shell exhibits good deformability when the hardening exponent and elastic modulus are in the range of 0.1–0.125 and 70–108 GPa, respectively.     

Resonance Characteristics of Piezoelectric Resonator Based on Digital Driving Circuit of Field-Programmable Gate Array

Piezoelectric resonators are widely used in frequency reference devices, mass sensors, resonant sensors(such as gyros and accelerometers), etc. Piezoelectric resonators usually work in a special resonant mode. Obtaining working resonant mode with high quality is key to improve the performance of piezoelectric resonators. In this paper, the resonance characteristics of a rectangular lead zirconium titanate(PZT) piezoelectric resonator are studied. On the basis of the field-programmable gate array(FPGA) embedded system, direct digital synthesizer(DDS) and automatic gain controller(AGC) are used to generate the driving signals with precisely adjustable frequency and amplitude. The driving signals are used to excite the piezoelectric resonator to the working vibration mode. The influence of the connection of driving electrodes and voltage amplitude on the vibration of the resonator is studied. The quality factor and vibration linearity of the resonator are studied with various driving methods mentioned in this paper. The resonator reaches resonant mode at 330 kHz by different driving methods.The relationship between resonant amplitude and driving signal amplitude is linear. The quality factor reaches over 150 by different driving methods. The results provide a theoretical reference for the efficient excitation of the piezoelectric resonator.     

2205DSS焊接结构在酸性环境下腐蚀速率研究

试验研究了2205DSS焊接结构的母材区、融合区、热影响区分别在草酸、硝酸和盐酸溶液中的腐蚀速率。研究发现:该结构在草酸和沸腾的硝酸溶液中有较好的耐腐蚀能力,而在盐酸溶液中较差;熔合区腐蚀速率最快,母材区次之;在盐酸溶液中腐蚀速率随着温度的升高而加快,随着盐酸溶液浓度的增加先增加后降低,随着腐蚀时间的进行而降低。建立了腐蚀速率与盐酸溶液的温度、浓度、腐蚀时间之间的数学模型,该模型能快速计算该焊接结构在盐酸溶液中的腐蚀速率。     

Buckling Design of Conical Shells Based on Palm Trunks:Survey of Power-Law Distributed Thin-Walled Conical

This paper aims at the elastic buckling of multilayered thin-walled conical shells with power-law distributed material properties under the axial load and lateral pressure based on the experimental study of palm trunks. The material properties of the shells are assumed to vary continuously in the radial direction. Relations and analytical approaches for linear buckling response are presented by using the layer-wise shell theory. The buckling behaviors of the conical shells subjected to axial and transverse loads are investigated. Parametric study in geometry(relative thickness, relative stiffness and cone angle) is performed to enhance the overall buckling resistance and minimize the weight. Numerical results show the possibility to achieve larger load-carrying capacity by simultaneously optimizing the material and geometric parameters based on the structure of palm trunks.     

熔融石英砂动力特性动三轴试验

为探究振动荷载作用下熔融石英砂液化破坏过程中动变形和动强度变化规律, 促进透明土技术在岩土工程动力特性可视化模型试验中的推广和应用, 对构成透明砂土骨架结构的典型粒径(0.5~1.0 mm)熔融石英砂开展饱和试样动三轴试验; 研究了不同围压、加载频率和动应力比等试验条件下熔融石英砂试样的累积轴向应变、动孔压发展模式、动应力衰减、动弹性模量和阻尼比的变化规律, 并将试验结果与相同级配的标准砂进行了对比。分析结果表明: 熔融石英砂累积轴向应变随动应力比的增大呈现出由稳定型向破坏型转变的趋势, 加载频率为0.5~1.5 Hz时, 临界动应力比为0.150~0.175, 小于标准砂的0.200~0.225;升高围压、增大动应力比、降低加载频率会加快试样塑性应变累积, 缩短液化破坏时间; 熔融石英砂孔压发展模式随围压增大逐渐由Seed孔压模型向指数型过渡, 增大加载动应力会加剧液化破坏后孔压的振动幅度; 相同动应力比下, 熔融石英砂与标准砂的动应力与动应变呈现线性相关, 在围压大于200 kPa时, 二者动应力衰减幅度随围压的增大而逐渐减小; 熔融石英砂的动弹性模量和阻尼比表现为线性关系, 动弹性模量随动应变的增大呈现出双曲线型减小的趋势, 并随围压的增大而增大; 阻尼比随动应变的增加先增大后基本稳定在0.22, 发展曲线受围压影响较小。      

流固耦合对双层圆柱壳体振动特性的影响

从研究潜艇壳体表面速度场以及流固耦合作用对双层壳体振动响应特性的影响出发,建立小型有限长双层加肋圆柱壳模型.用有限元法分析了壳体模型在空气中和水中,以及双层壳体间有水三种情况下振动响应特性,分析表明流固耦合作用对壳体,尤其是外壳体低中频段内的振动响应特性影响比较明显,而对高频段的振动响应影响相对较小.     

基于速度场重构的双层加肋圆柱壳体模态分析

从研究潜艇轻外壳表面速度场的重构方法出发．建立有限长双层加肋圆柱壳模型，用有限元法对其低中频段进行了振动模态分析，找出内外壳体模态参数的变化规律，此外为了研究静水压力对模态参数的影响，还比较了壳体模型在水中和在空气中各阶模态的固有频率，为研究艇体振动特性以及轻外壳速度场重构方法提供了理论依据．     

Nonlinear buckling analysis of pre-stressed ring-stiffened circular cylindrical shells under external pressure

This paper is concerned with the nonlinear buckling behavior of pre-stressed ring-stiffened thin circular cylindrical shells under external pressure. According to the geometrical nonlinearity, governing equations are derived by incorporating initial stresses based on Donnell-type shell theory. The “smeared stiffeners” approach is used for ring stiffeners. The numerical analyses are conducted by Gelerkin’s method to obtain critical buckling loads of shells. This study shows effects of initial stresses on stability of shells. Moreover, effects of initial stresses on buckling modes of shells are discussed.     

连云港盐渍土中钢筋混凝土结构寿命预测

通过分析连云港盐渍土中盐分含量分布,指出连云港盐渍土属于氯盐渍土,盐分含量随土层深度的增加线性减小,对钢筋的腐蚀性为中等腐蚀性;综合考虑氯离子在混凝土孔隙溶液中的扩散、电迁移以及毛细吸附过程,建立氯离子运移模型;模型的计算结果与实测结果有较好的拟合度;采用有限元方法分析了连云港盐渍土环境下混凝土内部氯离子含量分布状况,并计算不同混凝土保护层厚度的结构物寿命,建议混凝土保护层厚度应该大于50 mm。     

Modified numerical model for simulating fluid-filled structure response to underwater explosion with cavitation

In this paper, a numerical method is established to analyze the response of fluid-filled structure to underwater explosion with cavitation and the validation of the method is illustrated. In the present implementation, the second-order doubly asymptotic approximation （DAA2） other than curved wave approximation （CWA） is used to simulate non-reflecting boundary. Based on the method, the difference between DAA2 non-reflecting boundary and CWA non-reflecting boundary is investigated; then, the influence of internal fluid volume and the influence of cavitation on dynamic response of spherical shell are analyzed. Compared with CWA non-reflecting boundary, DAA~ non-reflecting boundary treats added mass effects better. When the internal fluid is full, the displacement and velocity of spherical shell decrease, but, when the internal fluid is half, the displacement and velocity of spherical shell increase. The effect of cavitation is more obvious at the trailing point than at the leading point of spherical shell.     

单层短程线网壳的优化设计

以短程线网壳的总质量为目标函数,以网壳的网格数、矢高、杆件截面面积和节点体积作为优化设计变量,采用一维搜索法与相对差商法相结合的序列两级优化方法进行截面优化设计。对不同跨度、不同矢跨比和不同网格划分密度的多个单层短程线球面网壳结构进行了计算,用回归分析法得出网壳最优网格划分数量、矢跨比、杆件截面面积和节点体积。     

道床板钢筋锈蚀的细观力学影响

为探究钢筋锈蚀对双块式无砟轨道道床板混凝土的影响，建立了道床板混凝土细观尺度力学模型，研究了钢筋锈蚀时不同钢筋直径、间距、保护层厚度的道床板受力性能及损伤破坏模式，分析了列车荷载和温度荷载对锈胀钢筋混凝土道床板力学性能的影响. 研究结果表明:钢筋锈蚀引起的道床板开裂模式主要与钢筋保护层厚度有关，与钢筋直径和间距关系小；道床板内部裂缝贯通时的锈胀位移随着钢筋间距的增大而增大，当保护层厚度为60 mm，钢筋间距为120 mm时，61.2 μm的钢筋锈胀位移就会引起道床板内部裂缝贯通；列车荷载对锈蚀后的道床板损伤影响小，且会使道床板受力趋于均匀；整体降温30 ℃和负温度梯度荷载均会使锈胀道床板拉伸损伤进一步明显增大，在道床板水平及垂向产生贯通裂缝；整体升温30 ℃和正温度梯度荷载作用对锈胀道床板损伤影响小.      

Effect of Needle Coke on Gas Permeability of Ceramic Casting Molds

The permeability of a new investment casting mold system prepared by adding needle cokes has been investigated in this work. The permeability tests of the molds were carried out at the temperature of 25–1200 °C. The results showed that the addition of needle cork could significally increase the permeability of the molds by a factor of about 4 because the burning of needle cokes increased the porosities of the molds. Meanwhile, the needle coke modified molds exhibited higher green strength and greater thickness both on flat section and at sharp edges compared with the full fused silica mold. Taking account of the mold thickness, the needle coke modified molds had increased adjusted fracture load (AFL) by a factor of about 2 at the test temperature of 25–1200 °C. The addition of needle coke significally improved the permeability of the molds during both autoclaving and casting, and optimized the correlation between the permeability and green strength of the molds.     

基于超声技术轮轨接触状态监测的数值模拟

为了实时监测列车行车状态,保障其安全运行,提出利用超声技术监测轮轨接触状态的方法.引入W-M分形函数对粗糙的轮轨表面进行数学描述,运用多物理场耦合软件构建了超声技术监测轮轨接触状态的有限元模型.利用该模型,用本文提出的方法对界面粗糙度、介质层种类及厚度等因素进行了模拟,获得了相应条件下轮轨接触界面的反射声压.算例仿真结果表明:通过监测轮轨接触界面超声反射波的声压变化来判定轮轨接触状态的方法是有效可行的;当超声波频率为14 MHz时,轮轨表面粗糙度的区分度最好;当超声频率大于14 MHz时,对第三介质层厚度有较好的区分度;当超声波频率恒定且第三介质层厚度足够大时,超声反射声压级趋于恒定值102 dB.      

高速公路软土地基硬壳层作用效应研究

天然双层软土地基上的硬壳层具有应力扩散、反压护道、沉降滞后和封闭作用等特征。对于在硬壳层软土地基上修建的路堤,经硬壳层应力扩散后,施加到软土层顶面的附加应力可望小于软土的强度,从而可直接在硬壳层上修建路堤,而不必对软土地基进行处理。基于有限元数值分析,研究了硬壳层刚度、路堤高度以及软基厚度对硬壳层软土地基变形特征和硬壳层应力扩散效果的影响。结果表明硬壳层的应力扩散性能随路基荷载的增加而减小,随其下软土地基厚度的增加而提高,并且硬壳层的刚度越大,其应力扩散性能越明显。基于考虑硬壳层的应力扩散、反压护道等作用,在不破坏硬壳层基础上,当路基高度与硬壳层的比值不大于1．5时,可不作处理或采用冲击压实、砂垫层＋土工格栅等浅层处理措施。结合工程实际,验证了该结论的有效性,为类似工程的设计与施工提供参考。．     

荷载引起的横向裂缝区钢筋锈蚀速率

为探讨荷载引起的横向裂缝区钢筋锈蚀速率变化,采用配筋混凝土梁进行了受弯加载试验,分析了裂缝宽度和混凝土表面涂层对钢筋锈蚀速率的影响.研究结果表明:裂缝处钢筋的锈蚀特征为微电池腐蚀和宏电池腐蚀并存,横向裂缝宽度对裂缝处钢筋宏观腐蚀电流强度的大小和分布没有影响,但增大了裂缝处钢筋活化区的面积,从而使钢筋的腐蚀微电流强度增大;裂缝处钢筋腐蚀反应需要的氧和水直接从裂缝侵入,而不是通过未开裂处混凝土的保护层渗入,通过增加环氧涂层、提高保护层厚度和混凝土密实度等措施无法阻止裂缝处钢筋的锈蚀.      

钢管混凝土风电塔架插板式节点的力学行为分析

为了掌握格构式钢管混凝土风电塔架插板式节点的受力性能，进行了4个插板式节点缩尺模型的静力试验，并在此基础上采用ABAQUS进行参数扩展的有限元非线性分析；通过节点板厚度和球柱高度的变化，对节点的节点板等效应力分布、锥台区等效应力分布等性能指标进行了分析. 研究结果表明:插板式节点的破坏形态可分为节点板屈曲破坏模式、包裹体滑移破坏模式和球柱剪切破坏模式，分别取决于节点板厚度、包裹体握裹力和球柱高度；节点板为节点的薄弱部位，随着节点板厚度和球柱高度的变化，其高应力区均集中在节点板下部与球柱相交处；假定腹杆不发生屈曲破坏，在球柱高度相同时，当节点板厚度n ≤ 12 mm时，节点承载力随着n的增大而增加，当n > 12 mm时，随着n的增大，节点承载力增长幅度明显放缓；在节点板厚度相同时，当球柱高度h ≤ 90 mm时，节点承载力随着h的增大而增加，当h > 90 mm时，随着h的增大，节点承载力增长幅度明显放缓；此类节点在实际工程设计使用时节点板厚度n ≤ 12 mm较为合理、球柱高度h ≤ 90 mm较为合理.      

基于车桥耦合的钢-混结合段刚度平顺性分析

为了研究混合梁桥结合段动力平顺性问题,针对某混合梁独塔斜拉桥,将结合段按刚度等效换算为同一种材料,建立桥梁有限元模型;基于9个自由度的三轴车辆模型,根据规范规定的路面粗糙度谱,用三角级数法模拟了B级粗糙度样本,采用Newmark-β法求解车桥系统运动方程,建立了汽车-桥梁垂向耦合振动仿真模型.在此基础上,编制了车桥耦合振动分析程序,求解了桥梁结合段和车辆的动力响应. 研究结果表明:路面粗糙度下降一个等级,桥梁结合段竖向加速度增加一倍;从动力性能角度分析,钢-混结合段钢格室全填充时的刚度平顺性略优于半填充时的刚度平顺性.      

离子束增强沉积TiN薄膜的耐蚀性

采用不同离子束入射方向的离子束增强沉积技术（IBED）在W18Cr4V高速钢表面沉积TiN薄膜.利用阳极极化曲线测试技术研究TiN薄膜在0.5mol/L H2SO4和3％ NaCl溶液中的耐蚀性.结果表明：在0.5mol/LH2SO4溶液中,离子束入射角度为45°时的TiN薄膜的阳极极化曲线呈现自钝化,自腐蚀电位Ecorr由原始高速钢的-400 mV增至-71 mV,致钝电流密度ib和维钝电流密度ip分别比原始试样降低4个和2个数量级,耐蚀性能显著提高.在3％ NaCl溶液中,离子束入射角度分别为0°、30°沉积的TiN薄膜的阳极极化曲线均呈现自钝化-点蚀击穿过程,随着入射角度的增加,自腐蚀电位和点蚀击穿电位升高,入射角度为45°时的TiN薄膜不发生点蚀破坏,自腐蚀电位Ecorr由原始高速钢的-600 mV增至-10 mV,具有高的抗点蚀性能.     

含水率和腐蚀因素对钢筋混凝土柱抗震性能的影响

通过分析混凝土试块浸泡在水中和不同浓度腐蚀溶液中力学性能变化的试验结果,回归出混凝土抗压强度和弹性模量随含水率或腐蚀时间变化的计算模型,并通过纤维模型有限元程序OpenSees,对不同含水率或不同腐蚀程度的钢筋混凝土模型柱在低周往复荷载作用下的受力性能进行了模拟.结果表明：随着含水率的增加,两种养护条件下,构件抗震性能降低的程度较小,但随着腐蚀程度的增大,构件耗能能力和延性的降低及承载力和刚度的衰减比较显著.