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物理-事理-人理系统方法论( Wuli-Shili-Renli System Approach,简称WSR方法论)是一种东方系统方法论，在国内外已经得到一定的公认, 由作者在1994年于英国Hull大学时与英国朱志昌共同提出的。本文将介绍这个方法论提出的来由，它的基本内容、步骤、支持工具方法和原则及其在国内外的主要应用案例。案例涉及水资源管理、商业标准制订、各种组织与项目的评价、商业信息系统评价、武器系统评价、高新技术区评价和大学评价等诸多领域。本文对处理人理的方法作了进一步探索.     

穿行法-比-荷

因为参加在法国巴黎举办的展会, 我得以有机会来到这个向往已久的文化和艺术之都,亲眼目睹法国的城市和公路交通状况。法国位于欧洲大陆的最西部,国土面积为55万平方公里,大小与我国的四川省相当,是欧洲第二大国。法国的国土     

荷载-结构模式的壳-弹簧-接触模型

为探讨盾构隧道管片结构的空间力学行为，采用厚壳、弹簧、空间实体和接触单元分析盾构隧道管片衬砌的内力状态，提出了荷载-结构模式的壳-弹簧-接触模型．该模型考虑了管片间接缝处的挤压作用、管片与螺栓接头之间的咬合作用、地层对管片的径向与切向抗力作用、环向接头的正负抗弯刚度差异以及封顶块的插入角等因素．算例表明，壳-弹簧-接触模型与梁-弹簧模型的计算结果相差较小；轴力和剪力在壳体上的分布具有明显的空间性．     

三甘醇-(7-(N,N''''二乙胺基))-香豆素-3-羧酸酯的荧光性能

Introduction Coumarines have been recently paid much attention for their physiological activities and fluorescent properties. They have outstanding optical properties, including high photostability, extended spectral range, high quantum yield of photoluminescence.     

船-机-桨匹配分析

文章基于船舶能量平衡理论,以5m型宽交通艇为例,就船-机-桨之间的能量转换展开讨论,分析了船-机-桨的匹配设计,通过初级匹配计算和终结匹配计算,得到了最终的匹配特性,进而优化了推进系统。     

微波辐射下合成2-氨基-5-芳氧亚甲基-1, 3, 4-噻二唑

在三氯氧磷作用下,由芳氧基乙酸和氨基硫脲经脱水环合,微波辐射快速合成了一系列2-氨基-5-芳氧亚甲基-1, 3, 4-噻二唑类化合物.目标产物的结构经红外光谱及熔点测定得到确证.该方法具有反应时间短、操作简便、副产物少、产率高、易纯化及环境友好等优点.     

试论建设“责任-智慧-导航-快乐”的教师队伍

教师是教育事业发展的主导力量,是提高教育质量、实现教育目标、推动高校不断发展的主要因素。通过对浙江交通职业技术学院教师队伍建设目标的研究与探索,提出建设"责任—智慧—导航—快乐"的学校教师队伍建设目标,教师担负发自内心的责任、能够智慧教育、担当学生的专业、兴趣和职业的导师、快乐地实现人生价值。基于这样的建设目标,打造适应新形势下实现"培养交通未来建设与发展的领航者"育人目标的教师队伍。     

Fe - Mn - Si合金ε-马氏体相变的电化学交流阻抗

利用电化学交流阻抗(EIS)测试技术和Zsimp Win软件拟合技术研究ε-马氏体含量对Fe - 30Mn -5Si合金电化学腐蚀性能的影响规律,研究结果表明:在3.5％ NaCl溶液中,实验合金的Niquist图均呈现一个容抗弧,随着合金中ε-马氏体含量的增加,容抗弧直径减小;Bode图表明,电极反应过程的等效电路为...     

基于人-车-路-环境的车辆安全运行区域研究

车辆安全运行区域的确定对于提高行车安全具有重要的意义。以高速公路为背景,作者通过综合考虑车辆的行驶状态、驾驶员疲劳程度以及天气状况等因素对车辆的安全运行区域的影响进行了研究。目的是根据车辆当前状态,结合运行参数对危险行驶区域做出警示,减少驾驶员的负担和判断错误。算法部分分别针对跟车模式和超车模式搭建模型,对安全运行距离和区域进行了求取,最后设计了虚拟现实仿真场景对车辆的行驶过程进行了模拟。多次实验表明,本文安全运行区域模型具有很好的稳定性和准确率。     

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针对无容量约束的单分配轴-辐式物流网络设计问题的特点,为其建立了单分配p-枢纽中位模型,并提出了一种基于蚁群算法的启发式求解算法. 该算法分两步实现：首先利用蚁群算法来确定网络中枢纽节点的位置,然后用另一种启发式算法将非枢纽节点分配给枢纽节点,同时,将一种基于6种邻域结构的变邻域搜索算法作为蚁群算法的局域搜索策略以提升算法的全局搜索能力,并加快收敛速度. 最后结合澳大利亚邮政数据进行了算例仿真实验,并对蚁群算法中参数的合理设置进行了测试分析,实验结果表明,该算法在求解此问题时有着良好的有效性和较快的求解效率.     

“三个代表”是“三个有利于”的继承和发展

江泽民同志在建党八十周年大会上提出的“三个代表”，与邓小平同志在1992年提出的“三个有利于”都体现了历史唯物主义关于生产力、生产关系、上层建筑相互关系的基本原理，都是我国社会主义实践经验的总结，两者是一脉相承的。“三个代表”的需求，作为中国共产党的立党之本、执政之基、力量之源，在党建思想上把马克思列宁主义、毛泽东思想和邓小平理论发展到了一个新阶段。     

Research on reduction of Fe<Subscript>2</Subscript>O<Subscript>3</Subscript> by biomass sawdust

The research on biomass reduction of Fe₂O₃ was carried out by using sawdust as reductant. The direct reducing agents in the biomass magnetization process were determined by comparing various biomass pyrolysis products with the reduction degree (divalent iron content in total iron), reduction temperature range and valence change of Fe₂O₃ in the reduction process. The microstructure variation of Fe₂O₃ at different stages was also analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Nonisothermal thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was applied to explore the thermal reduction process. The results show that the direct reducing substances in the biomass reaction with Fe₂O₃ are H₂ and bio-oil, and the reduction process can be divided into two steps: biomass pyrolyzing to release H₂ and bio-oil, and reductive volatiles reacting with Fe₂O₃. The two steps are relatively independent. The kinetic of the reduction reaction follows a first-order reaction kinetic model, with 88.99 kJ/mol activation energy and 9.55 × 10⁸ min^?1 frequency factor.     

Scale-invariant occupancy of phase space and additivity of nonextensive entropy <Emphasis Type="Italic">S</Emphasis><Subscript><Emphasis Type="Italic">q</Emphasis></Subscript>

Phase space can be constructed for N equal and distinguishable binary subsystems which are correlated in a scale-invariant manner. In the paper, correlation coefficient and reduced probability are introduced to characterize the scale-invariant correlated binary subsystems. Probabilistic sets for the correlated binary subsystems satisfy Leibnitz triangle rule in the sense that the marginal probabilities of N-system are equal to the joint probabilities of the (N −1)-system. For entropic index q ≠ 1, nonextensive entropy S _q is shown to be additive in the scale-invariant occupation of phase space.     

Study on Oxidation Activity of CuCeZrO<Subscript><Emphasis Type="Italic">x</Emphasis></Subscript> Doped with K for Diesel Engine Particles in NO/O<Subscript>2</Subscript>

CuCeZrO_x and KCuCeZrO_x catalysts were synthesized and coated on the blank diesel particulate filter (DPF) substrate and a particulate matter (PM) loading apparatus was used for soot loading. The catalytic performances of soot oxidation were evaluated by temperature programmed combustion (TPC) test and characterization tests were conducted to investigate the physicochemical properties of the catalysts. The reaction mechanism in the oxidation process was analyzed with diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy. The results demonstrated that CuCeZrO_x catalyst exhibited high activities of soot oxidation at low temperature and the best results have been attained with Cu_0.9Ce_0.05Zr_0.05O_x over which the maximum soot oxidation rate decreased to 410 °C. Characterization tests have shown that catalysts containing 90% Cu have uniformly distributed grains and small particle sizes, which provide excellent oxidation activity by providing more active sites and forming a good bond between the catalyst and the soot. The low-temperature oxidation activity of soot could be further optimized due to the excellent elevated NO’s conversion rate by partially substituting Cu with K. The maximum particle oxidation rate can be easily realized at such a low temperature as 347°C.     

“公交都市”与“公交优先”的差异性研究

建设"公交都市"已经成为城市公共交通系统发展新的战略部署,相对于近十年一直倡导的"公交优先"战略,"公交都市"在中国仍处于探索时期。在地方政府积极参与"公交都市"申报的背景下,许多城市对于构建"公交都市"采取与"公交优先"相同的策略、思路、方法,"公交都市"相对于"公交优先"是否只是一种战略上的提升或改进?本文从内涵意义、策略措施、考核指标、战略目标四个方面阐述两者之间的关联和区别,揭示"公交都市"和"公交优先"的不同战略角度和目标宗旨,为城市正确构建"公交都市"提供指导。     

r Huaihe River Basin and neighbor regions,

porting water vapor. The second one is from South China Sea. It is the weakest one. The third is from the tropical Pacific Ocean to the east     

Combustion optimization model for NO<Subscript><Emphasis Type="Italic">x</Emphasis></Subscript> reduction with an improved particle swarm optimization

Abstract: This paper focuses on the combustion optimization to cut down NO _x emission with a new strategy. Firstly, orthogonal experimental design (OED) and chaotic sequences are introduced to improve the performance of particle swarm optimization (PSO). Then, a predicting model for NO _x emission is established on support vector machine (SVM) whose parameters are optimized by the improved PSO. Afterwards, a new optimization model considering coal quantity and air quantity along with the traditional optimization variables is established. At last, the operating parameters are optimized by the improved PSO to cut down the NO _x emission. An application on 600MW unit shows that the new optimization model can cut down NO _x emission effectively and maintain the load balance well. The NO _x emission optimized by the improved PSO is lowest among some state-of-the-art intelligent algorithms. This study can provide important guides for the low NO _x combustion in the power plant.     

Catalytic Combustion of Lean Methane Assisted by Electric Field over Pd/Co<Subscript>3</Subscript>O<Subscript>4</Subscript> Catalysts at Low Temperature

A series of Pd/Co₃O₄ catalysts were prepared by Self-Propagating High-Temperature Synthesis (SHS) method in this study, and electric field was applied for catalytic combustion of lean methane over Pd/Co₃O₄ catalysts at low temperature. When electric field was applied, the catalytic combustion performance of Pd/Co₃O₄ catalysts was greatly improved, and the application of electric field could reduce the load of active element Pd to some extent while maintaining the same efficiency. Based on experimental tests and the analysis results of X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), H₂-temperature-programmed reduction (H₂-TPR) and in-situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (in-situ DRIFTS), the mechanism of catalytic oxidation of CH₄ over Pd/Co₃O₄ catalysts in electric field was proposed. The catalytic combustion of CH₄ occurs only when the temperature is higher than 250 °C normally, but when electric field was applied, the whole process of CH₄ oxidation was promoted significantly and the reaction temperature was reduced. Electric field could promote the reduction of the support Co₃O₄ to release the lattice oxygen, resulting in the increase of PdO_x and the surface chemisorbed oxygen, which could provide more active sites for the low-temperature oxidation of CH₄. Furthermore, electric field could accelerate the dehydroxylation of CoOOH to further enhance the activity of the catalysts.