Isolation and Characterization of Microorganisms for Degradation of Minimal Oils and Fats at Low Temperatures

The isolation of microorganisms for biodegradation of minimal fats and oils at low temperatures was reported. By using rapeseed oil as a sole carbon source, six strains were isolated from five kinds of oils/fats-contaminated wastewater, soil, and active sludge. Among them, two strains which show the highest oil removal ratios were identified as Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes and Pseudornonas mendocina, respectively. The experiments of orthogonal impact conditions show that the optimal oil degradation condition is at pH 8.0, 5 C and 100 mg/L oil. Under this condition, the rapeseed oil degradation ratios of two strains after 24 hours amount to 92. 6% and 92.0% respectively, whereas the removal ratios of lard decrease to 39.5% and 54.3%.     

Treatment of Aniline-Contaminated Wastewater by Sequencing Biofilm Batch Reactor System Under Micro-Aerobic Condition

Sequencing biofilm batch reactor(SBBR) under micro-aerobic condition was applied to the treatment of aniline-contaminated wastewater in this study.Hydraulic retention time(HRT) of 12—36 h and dissolved oxygen(DO) concentration of 0.1—0.5 mg/L were selected as the operating variables to model,analyze and optimize the process.Five dependent parameters,aniline(AN),chemical oxygen demand(COD),ammonium,total nitrogen(TN) and total phosphorus(TP) removal efficiencies as the process responses,were studied.From the results,increase in DO concentration could promote the AN,COD and ammonium removal;increase in HRT could also lead to increase of the AN and ammonium removal,but might decrease COD removal due to endogenous respiration and soluble microbial products.In the SBBR system,24 h for HRT and 0.5 mg/L for DO concentration were chosen as the optimum operating condition.The actual removal efficiencies of COD,AN and ammonium under the optimum operating condition were 98.37%,100%and 89.29%,respectively.The experimental findings were in close agreement with the model prediction.The presence of glucose could promote bacterial growth and has positive influence on AN degradation and ammonium removal.     

Effect of carbon nanotube concentration on cooling behaviors of oil-based nanofluids during the immersion quenching

Oil-based nanofluids including 0.75%—1.75%(mass fraction) carbon nanotubes(CNTs) without any surfactants have been synthesized by a two-step process. The probes machined from 45~# steel with 22 mm diameter and 50 mm length are quenched in the as-synthesized CNT nanofluids for testing the cooling behaviors of the nanofluids. The laser diffraction particle size analyzer, scanning electronic microscope(SEM), X-ray diffractometer and transmission electron microscope(TEM) are used to characterize the quality and distribution of CNTs in the nanofluids. The wettability and viscosity of 30~# oil and oil-based CNT nanofluids are measured by a goniometer at 15℃ and a rotational type viscometer at 40℃, respectively. The results show that the cooling efficiency of the oil-based CNT nanofluids is better than that of 30~# oil. Moreover, the cooling rate of the naonofluids increases with the further increase of the CNT concentration. When the mass fraction of CNTs increases to 1.75%, the cooling rate of the naonofluids reaches a maximum at 760℃ and it is increased by 77.8% as compared to that of base oil. The improved cooling rate of oil by CNTs is mainly due to the uniform distribution and excellent thermal conductivity of CNTs.     

A New Experimental Rig of Testing Flow Boiling Heat Transfer of Refrigerant and Lubricant Mixture

This paper proposed a new experimental rig of testing flow boiling heat transfer of refrigerant and lubricant oil mixture. The quantity of oil in the test section can be controlled and regulated conveniently and accurately by connecting separate lubricant oil circuit with test section in parallel. It was built up by retrofitting a multiple air-conditioner and installing three oil-separators in serials at the compressor outlet. And so the lubricant oil in the discharged refrigerant gas of compressor can be removed completely. The refrigerant flow rate through test section can be bypassed by the by-path circuit of indoor unit. This experimental rig has advantages such as on-line and continuous oil injection, short time of obtaining stability, flexible operation, simple control, which lead to high efficiency in the research of flow boiling heat transfer of refrigerant and lubricant oil mixture.     

Kinetics of municipal sewage degradation in EGSB and UASB reactors at 10 ℃

Kinetics of municipal sewage degradation in Expanded Granular Sludge Bed （EGSB） and Up-flow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket （UASB） reactors at 10℃ were investigated via continuous experimental equipments. The results indicated that the whole reaction process can be simulated by the first-order dynamic equation model. Dynamic parameters such as k, Vmax and Ks of UASB in hydrolysis acidification stage were 1.08 d^-1 , 2.8 d^-1 and 372 mg/L comparing to those of 1.18 d^-1 , 3.5 d^-1 and 112 mg/L in the methanogenesis stage respectively. The EGSB＇s k, Vmax and Ks were 2.91 d^-1 , 14.3 d^-1 and 470 mg/L in the hydrolysis acidification stage comparing to those of 1.68 d^-1, 6.6 d^-1 and 103 mg/L in the methanogenesis stage respectively. Comparison of k values of the two stages in UASB and EGSB indicates that hydrolysis acidification stage is the controlling step for the whole reaction process of UASB, while methanogenesis stage is the controlling step in EGSB. Compared with UASB, municipal sewage treatment by EGSB at 10 ℃ can reach the same effluent requirement with lower retention time due to its effluent recirculation.     

A New MPEG-2 Rate Control Method Based on Model Classification

The paper proposed a new MPEG-2 rate control method that is based on model classification. The macro-blocks are classified according to their prediction errors, and different parameters are used in the rate-quantization and distortion quantization model. The different model parameters are calculated from the previous frame of the same type in the process of coding. These models are used to estimate the relations among rate, distortion and quantization of the current frame. Further steps, such as R-D optimization based quantization adjustment and smoothing of quantization of adjacent macroblocks, are used to improve the quality. The results of the experiments prove that the technique is effective and can be realized easily. The method presented in the paper can be a good way for MPEG rate control.     

AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON REMOVAL OF NOx IN FLUE GAS AT THENONEQUILIBRIUM PLASMA

Removal of nitrogen oxides (NOx) in flue gas by means of nonequilibrium plasma technology is a very prospect and attractive method. As the nonequilibrium plasma micro discharges can generate a powerful energy flux, imparted to the flue gas, the molecules and atoms of pollutants are motivated and decomposed, and then NOx in the flue gas are decomposed and conversed in the particular conditions. Based on nonequilibrium plasma in combination with catalytic principle, an experimental investigation on NOx decomposition and conversion with AI2 03 catalysts was carriedout and the NOx removal rate up to 95% was obtained. The NOx decomposition and conversion principle with AI2O3 catalysts was also discussed.     

A General Attribute and Rule Based Role-Based Access Control Model

Growing numbers of users and many access control policies which involve many different resource attributes in service-oriented environments bring various problems in protecting resource.This paper analyzes the relationships of resource attributes to user attributes in all policies, and propose a general attribute and rule based role-based access control(GAR-RBAC) model to meet the security needs. The model can dynamically assign users to roles via rules to meet the need of growing numbers of users. These rules use different attribute expression and permission as a part of authorization constraints, and are defined by analyzing relations of resource attributes to user attributes in many access policies that are defined by the enterprise. The model is a general access control model, and can support many access control policies, and also can be used to wider application for service. The paper also describes how to use the GAR-RBAC model in Web service environments.     

Research on Oil/Gas In-pipe Inspection Robot

IntroductionRecently pipe is used widely on the industry,agriculture and daily life. Natural gas and oil sup-ply become one of the fundamental public servicesand its impact on the urban infrastructure is get-ting larger. The urban oil/gas pipelines, as theyare buried under the ground, are prone to externalcorrosion usually derived by moisture and chemicalagent in soil, which causes material losses of thepipe wall. Also, cracks in the welded region andthe damages from third parties such as cons…     

Wavelet moment invariants extraction of underwater laser vision image

Wavelet moment invariants are constructed for object recognition based on the global feature and local feature of target, which are brought for the simple background of the underwater objects, complex structure, similar form etc. These invariant features realize the multi-dimension feature extraction of local topology and invariant transform. Considering translation and scale invariant characteristics were ignored by conventional wavelet moments, some improvements were done in this paper. The cubic B-spline wavelets which are optimally localized in space-frequency and close to the forms of Li＇s （or Zernike＇s） polynomial moments were applied for calculating the wavelet moments. To testify superiority of the wavelet moments mentioned in this paper, generalized regression neural network （GRNN） was used to calculate the recognition rates based on wavelet invariant moments and conventional invariant moments respectively. Wavelet moments obtained 100% recognition rate for every object and the conventional moments obtained less classification rate. The result shows that wavelet moment has the ability to identify many types of objects and is suitable for laser image recognition.     

碳酸锶厂排放污水治理工艺流程浅析

提出了碳酸锶厂排放污水治理的工艺流程 ,对各个处理单元进行了说明 ,通过该工艺流程 ,使碳酸锶厂废水中的主要污染物或指标如COD、NH3 -N、S2 -、SS去除率达到 90 %以上 .     

共凝聚气浮／生物接触氧化处理油脂生产废水

介绍了共凝聚气浮／生物接触氧化组合工艺在处理油脂生产废水中的应用．在进水COD、SS、动植物油、氨氮、总磷含量分别为4000、1000、200、50、200mg/L的情况下，出水相应指标分别为14．4、13．3、未测出、未测出、1．72mg/L,平均去除率分别达到98．7％、99．8％、100％、95％以上．     

地下土壤渗滤系统处理农村生活污水试验分析

建设地下土壤渗滤系统处理农村生活污水试验工程．通过取样检测,数据进行分析,系统对COD、BOD5、NH3-N、TP的平均去除率分别达到了89．78％．78．9％、97．13％和95．03％,效果理想．系统的出水方式对BOD5、NH3-N的去除有一定的影响,而上部作物的种类对处理效果略有影响．系统造价低,管理简单,卫生条件好,是污水资源利用的较好方法．特别适用于零星分散排放污水的治理,在广大农村具有较大的应用价值．     

金属催化臭氧化预处理含酚农药废水的研究

含酚农药废水由于其具有较强杀菌能力，在自然界中直接生物降解较难。采用TiO2,NiO,MnO2金属催化臭氧化预处理含酚农药废水，提高其可生化性。研究表明：TiO2,NiO,MnO2金属催化臭氧化可提高农药废水的COD去除率。当TiO2含量为1.5g/L，反应时间为1h，COD去除率为75．2％，BOD5／COD值由开始的0．18升至0．32。另外，溶液的pH值，臭氧含量等因素对农药废水COD去除有影响，当pH为9．5，臭氧含量为13．63mg/L，反应时间为1h,COD去除率为64．3％。     

新型一体化反应器的启动及其脱氮性能初试

提出一种新型的一体化生物膜反应器用于生活污水脱氮的处理,考察了反应器启动阶段出水的变化.生物膜驯化成熟后,考察了系统对总氮的去除效果,结果表明在水力停留时间为24 h,进水总氮37.69 mg/L时,反应器总氮去除率达到85％.此状态下,对反应器单个运行周期的脱氮特性进行了考察,结果表明连续出水水质稳定,氨氮去除率达到98％,出水氨氮基本维持在1 mg/L以下.     

内循环厌氧反应器处理脂肪酸废水

研究了厌氧内循环反应器处理脂肪酸废水的启动和运行效果,化学需氧量（Chemical Oxygen De-mand,COD）与容积负荷的关系、容积负荷与出水挥发性脂肪酸（Volatile Fatty Acid,VFA）的关系.结果表明,反应器25 d即可完成启动,达到设计运行负荷25 kg COD/（m3.d）;反应器运行负荷为25 kg COD/（m3.d）时,处理效果最佳,出水pH值为6.80~7.23,VFA约为130 mg/L,COD去除率达到85%以上;pH值变化滞后,VFA的变化比pH值能更好表征反应器内部的运行状况.     

磷受控对酿酒废水-微藻培育耦合体系的影响

为考察酿酒废水-微藻培育耦合体系的最适磷营养条件,对莱茵衣藻、二形栅藻在单一培养和共培养条件下的生长状况进行了观察,并剖析了对酿酒废水中营养盐的吸收去除效率. 采用控制变量法对酿酒废水总磷浓度进行调控,研究了不同磷浓度对微藻的干重、比生长速率、蛋白质含量,以及对总氮（total nitrogen,TN）、总磷（total phosphorus,TP）、化学需氧量（chemical oxygen demand,COD）去除量和去除效率的影响. 研究结果表明:莱茵衣藻对磷需求总体上大于二形栅藻对磷需求,当初始总磷浓度为16.40 mg/L,初始氮磷比为2.45时,莱茵衣藻最终生物量达到839.50 mg/L,藻蛋白含量达到53.37 mg/L,对TN、TP、COD的去除率分别为93.48%、91.75%、67.90%;二形栅藻生物量最高达到650.00 mg/L,藻蛋白含量达到131.04 mg/L,对TN、TP、COD的去除率分别为95.76%、73.93%、83.43%;而两种藻在共培养条件下,其生长曲线处于单一培养两种微藻下的生长曲线之间,TP、TN的去除率分别为83.66%、95.24%,COD的去除规律与二形栅藻类似. 研究发现酿酒废水-微藻培育耦合体系,无论是单一还是共培养体系,酿酒废水总体均能达到地表水环境质量标准（GB3838—2002）的Ⅳ类水总磷要求.      

DATB联合CWs工艺处理生活污水试验研究

介绍了降流式厌氧紊动床(DATB)联合人工湿地(CWs)处理生活污水工艺.DATB通过沼气强制循环,使悬浮载体颗粒处于流化状态,当HRT=6 h时,DATB对COD去除率可达70%左右.DATB出水再通过CWs处理,当HRT=6 d时,CWs对污水中的COD进一步降除,同时可对污水中的NH3-N、TP有效去除,从而实现污水资源化.DATB与CWs联合工艺处理生活污水效果好、耗能低,具有显著的生态效益和社会效益,适合农村中、小城镇的污水处理.     

废磁悬液及油漆废水处理

在对两类废水水质特征分析的基础上,提出将较低浓度的油漆废水和高浓度的探伤废水综合处理的工艺方案,采用混凝-厌氧-好氧-二次混凝-活性吸附处理工艺,出水水质能够达到污水综合排放标准二级标准.     

复合混凝剂处理印染废水

聚合硫酸铝，聚合硫酸铁，以及更为复杂的聚合硫酸铝铁作混凝剂处理COD为3000mg/L,SS为300mg/L左右的印染废水的最佳工艺条件是:pH范围为7．0－9．5，搅拌速度为180r/min，一次处理混凝剂投加量为300mg/L，沉降时间为15min。COD去除率在80％左右，若再经双层滤料柱进行过滤处理，效果更好，能达到排效标准。