Optimal Research on Equipment Maintenance Unequal Time-Interval Based on Simulation

The paper deals with systems suffered from gradual deterioration. To avoid functional failures and disastrous consequences, such systems should be monitored and preventively maintained. And to promote the maintenance effectiveness, an unequal time-interval maintenance policy was brought forward to substitute fixedinterval preventive maintenance strategy. At the same time, preventive and corrective maintenance actions are both assumed to be imperfect, and their impact on the system is expressed by the increment of failure rate. The case study shown that the unequal time-interval maintenance policy proposed in the paper is of help to promote the availability of the system.     

New unified failure model on evenly distributed reinforced concrete members with box section

It is urgently needed to describe the structural collapse process under extreme conditions to survive people.For reinforced concrete structures it is still a difficulty to describe the failure of reinforced concrete members under complex internal force combination,such as under axial forces,bending moment,shear forces, and torsion working together.In this paper,based on the traditional Nielsen model,a new unified failure model on reinforcement evenly distributed concrete members with box section under combined forces is introduced.The advantages of the proposed new model are to consider the dowel actions of reinforcements and reasonably to consider of the shear carrying capacity of concrete,especially when compression stress of concrete is in a high value.Finally,the theoretical results of the new model are compared with a series of experimental results of box section members.The comparison has verified that the new model is more accurate and feasible for the design and calculation of box section members.     

连续流交叉口左转非机动车优化设计方法

为了提升连续流交叉口的通行能力,消除其主信号处左转非机动车与直行机动车的冲突,提出了一种左转非机动车优化设计方法.优化模型以机动车通过量最大为优化目标,考虑了信号相位相序、周期时长、绿灯时长等约束条件,建立线性规划优化模型.通过案例和敏感性分析,验证了该设计方法的优化效益.研究结果表明,该方法不仅能在高流量情况下显著提升交叉口通行能力,使得原本处于过饱和状态的交叉口变为不饱和,而且在高流量或低流量情况下,都有助于减少交叉口延误.进一步发现,左转非机动车流量每增加100辆/h或直行机动车流量比例每增加1.5%(直行机动车流量比例大于40%),优化设计对机动车最大通过量的提升比例增加4.5%.     

Ultimate Strength of Annular Reinforced Concrete Members Under Combined Actions

Annular reinforced concrete(RC) members are commonly used in bridge structures and offshore platforms. These RC members often fail under the combined actions of axial force, bending moment, shear force and torsion load in hazards of earthquake and wind. It is very important to study the failure mechanism of annular RC members under combined actions. This study proposes a model to analyze the ultimate strength of annular RC members under combined actions using limit failure theory. A new method is established to determine the geometric parameters of the warped failure surface, and the new calculation model for the ultimate strength is obtained using the equilibrium conditions based on the geometric parameters and the stress distribution on the failure surface. The proposed model calculations are compared with a series of experimental results of annular RC members, and they correspond well with the experimental results. The proposed model is feasible for engineering application.     

Correction of wave surge forces to improve surf-riding/broaching vulnerability criterion check accuracy

Surf-riding/broaching is one of the five stability failure modes to be included into the International Maritime Organization (IMO) second generation intact stability criteria (which are risk-based stability criteria) that can ensure the safety of ships in actual seaways more effectively. This study focuses on the influence of wave surge force prediction accuracy on surf-riding/broaching vulnerability criterion check result. Firstly, it is demonstrated that the wave surge force prediction method adopted in the current vulnerability criterion check procedure is not accurate and may lead to wrong conclusions. The experimental data from captive model test and the numerical result based on 3D panel method both indicate that the diffraction effect must be considered to correctly predict the wave surge forces. Besides, sophisticated methods are not suitable for Level 2 vulnerability criterion check due to their complexity. Therefore, an empirical formula for wave surge force correction based on sample ship calculation results is proposed. The proposed empirical correction formula can effectively improve the vulnerability criterion check accuracy and thus contribute to the design and safety of the ships which are vulnerable to this stability failure mode.     

感应电机无速度传感器控制的降阶观测器设计

提出了一种简单的用于感应电机无速度传感器控制的自适应观测器设计方法．该方法以磁链误差作为校正反馈项,利用电流和电压模型组合成一个降阶观测器．在将电机模型和观测器进行线性化的基础上,利用劳斯一赫尔维茨稳定判据和极点配置方法得到了观测器增益,该增益能够保证获得一个全局渐近稳定并具有良好阻尼的感应电机控制系统．数字仿真试验结果进一步验证了所提出的自适应观测器的有效性．     

圬工拱桥承载力可靠度分析

针对拱式桥结构体系中的主要受力构件 拱肋进行分析,借鉴拱桥设计中的"五点重合法"确定研究截面,并对该截面进行不利布载.对每一种荷载布置型式,采用荷载增量法进行拱桥结构失效模式的寻找和截面抗力的计算.给出其承载力可靠度功能函数,推导功能函数中结构抗力和作用效应概率模型,并利用改进的一次二阶矩法计算圬工拱桥承载力可靠度指标评估值.最后给出实桥验证算例.     

交通荷载作用下低路堤累计永久变形试验研究

采用低路堤高速公路设计方案时,交通荷载会对路基的应力和变形产生较大的影响。文章通过破坏轴向应力试验与累积永久应变试验,模拟了交通荷载对路基的循环作用,研究了不同频率、不同围压、不同应力水平下交通荷载引起的路基变形特征,提出交通荷载作用下低路堤产生沉降的主要因素,供低路堤的设计和处理参考。     

带水平滑移层的空心砖填充框架抗震性能试验

为了降低地震作用下填充墙体的破坏程度，提高填充墙体的变形可恢复性能，基于框架填充墙破坏模式，提出了在空心砖填充墙中设置水平滑移层的构造措施；设计并制作了两组足尺填充墙框架构件，进行了拟静力试验，研究了带水平滑移层的填充墙框架的抗震性能；提出了衡量填充墙破坏程度的计算方法，比较了增设水平滑移层的构造措施后填充墙体的破坏程度. 分析结果表明:空心砖填充墙增设水平滑移层后，填充墙体的斜撑作用弱化，水平滑移层的设置改变了墙体的破坏模式，墙体破坏由对角破坏转向滑移破坏，框架构件的耗能能力增加，填充墙体的破坏程度和构件的残余变形显著降低，残余变形下降了27%，填充墙体破坏率最少降低93%以上.      

Opportunistic Replacement Optimization for Multi-Component System Based on Programming Theory

It is widely accepted that too excessive or too insufficient maintenance actions on a system are consumptive or potentially risky. This paper focuses on the optimization of opportunistic replacement for a multicomponent system in which no failure or suspension histories can be used for prediction of all the critical components in the system. Firstly, the remaining useful life (RUL) is predicted using the real-time sensor data, which is based on an “individual-based lifetime inference” method. Then a failure risk estimation method is introduced, which is based on the degradation extent and service time of components. Subsequently, the possible replacement combinations of components are compared, which is based on a proposed current-term cost rate. Finally, the best replacement scheduling is selected. The proposed framework is validated by the simulation dataset and PHM-2012 competition bearing dataset. Group replacement and individual replacement are conducted for comparison, and sensitivity analysis is discussed.     

含水量对非饱和黄土强度的影响(英文)

将非饱和土基质吸力对土体强度的贡献等效为小主应力增量,通过分析土体极限应力莫尔圆的几何图形,求得小主应力增量,并认为土体在破坏时处于极限状态,提出了粘聚力和内摩擦角同时变化时的土体强度计算方法,得到了强度参数随含水量变化的函数关系式,研究了非饱和黄土破坏时大主应力随含水量变化的关系曲线。分析结果表明:计算曲线与试验曲线的变化规律相同,随着含水量的增大,大主应力计算值和实测值的差异越来越小,其相对误差最大值为11.63%,最小值为1.59%,说明该计算方法是可靠的;随着含水量的增大,当粘聚力和内摩擦角同时变化时,大主应力计算值较小,当仅有内摩擦角变化时,大主应力计算值较大,两者相差1.26～2.17倍,说明含水量的变化对非饱和黄土的强度有显著影响。     

缆索吊装扣塔偏位对拱肋高程影响的几何分析

利用几何分析法,推导了扣塔偏位对拱肋节段高程影响的计算公式。结合新龙门大桥缆吊系统,分析了扣塔和主塔偏位对拱肋节段高程的影响。分析结果表明,新龙门大桥扣塔高度和位置的改变对高程影响很小,可忽略不计;主塔偏位对节段高程影响相对较大,应在施工控制中加以考虑。该方法和分析结果对缆索吊装的设计和节段安装高程控制有一定参考价值。     

舰船动力装置虚拟设计与仿真系统的研究与开发

将虚拟现实技术、网络技术、CAD技术、数据库技术、仿真技术等先进设计方法、手段、过程、理念创造性地移植到船舶动力装置领域中.提出并设计了舰艇动力装置虚拟设计和仿真系统,并对系统的功能和关键性技术进行了探讨.通过在该系统平台上以某动力装置设计为实例对系统功能的实现进行了验证,表明该系统能够有效地支持舰船动力装置的设计与开发.     

Modelling upgrading maintenance policy in the one-dimensional renewing warranty period

In the one-dimensional renewing warranty period, the quality of the spares for product is likely to be improved during the warranty period. Therefore, upgrading maintenance becomes more and more common. Then the manufacturers (customers) may have to decide whether or not to provide (buy) the warranty considering upgrading maintenance. This paper presents a mathematical model considering upgrading maintenance for products with multiple failure modes. Upgrading maintenance is taken into account with the assumption that the warranted item is upgraded one time during the warranty cycle. The upgrading maintenance is carried out, when the corrective maintenance is taken place. After upgrading maintenance, the high-quality spares are used to replace the failed item. In the numerical example, the results of the models are calculated. Monte Carlo simulation results are compared with the analytical results to demonstrate the correctness and efficiency of the proposed models considering upgrading maintenance.     

不同洞口位置节能砌块隐形密框墙体抗震性能

为了研究节能砌块隐形密框复合墙体的破坏形态及滞回性能、刚度退化、延性和耗能能力等抗震性能，以门洞位置为变化参数，设计制作了6个缩尺比例为1/2的墙体试件，进行了低周往复加载试验. 首先，通过对比、总结的方法，得出了试件的破坏形态并分析了其滞回性能；其次，采用切线刚度计算方法，对比分析了各试件刚度退化规律；然后，通过图解法确定屈服位移，并利用公式计算位移延性系数，从而分析判断各试件的延性性能；最后，采用等效粘滞阻尼系数的计算方法研究试件的耗能能力. 研究结果表明:在低周往复加载下，配筋合适的开洞复合墙体往往会发生剪压破坏，其破坏过程可分为弹性、弹塑性和破坏3个阶段；墙体试件的滞回曲线形状较为饱满，能表现出开洞的墙体会有良好抗震性能；中开洞墙体其骨架曲线下降段更为平缓，比偏开洞墙体的抗震性能更好；开洞位置越接近墙体的中间部位，墙体在弹塑性阶段刚度的有利贡献就越大，其变形能力也会越强；6个试件的延性系数均大于3，满足抗震规范要求，开洞位置越接近墙体中间的试件延性越好，其等效粘滞阻尼系数也越大，其耗能性能也越好；确定了墙体在不同性能目标时的变形容许值，为设计该类墙体提供理论基础.      

小样本条件下可变作用代表值的贝叶斯推断方法

为克服工程实际中测试数据不充足的条件下,采用经典统计学方法推断可变作用的代表值时,由统计不确定性导致推断结果偏于冒进的缺点,基于极小值I型分布分位值的线性回归推断方法,提出了小样本条件下可变作用代表值的线性回归推断方法,并以此作为检验其他推断方法精度的基准方法;根据贝叶斯理论,利用分布参数的Jeffreys无信息先验分布,提出可变作用标准值和频遇值的贝叶斯推断方法. 应用研究结果表明:贝叶斯推断方法较线性回归推断方法简便且应用范围广,在标准差已知的情况,可给出更优的推断结果;无参数信息时,对于标准值和频遇值的保证率不低于0.90的情况,贝叶斯推断方法均具有较好的精度;相对于其他可信水平,可信水平0.75时推断结果更接近真值,因此,建议取可信水平为0.75.      

Topology-based quantitative assessment of structural robustness

Local damages to a structure will cause disproportional collapse if the system is lack of robustness. This structural safety cannot be guaranteed by traditional ways, such as reliability analysis tools and construction management approaches. Therefore, it is very important to develop related theories for structural robustness. This paper presents a methodology to quantitatively assess the structural robustness from the topological point of view. In the proposed method, the structural failure is viewed as a feedback process. The transformations between the damage input and failure output form a closed-loop. The decisive factor of the operation of such a closed-loop is thought as the structural topology. Furthermore, the damage input and the failure output of the structure are measured by the uncertain disturbance and the change of the topology, respectively. After the sensitivity of the structural topology to the uncertain disturbance is studied, the transfer matrix is discovered to indicate the rationality of the topological relationship. The importance of each loading path, the structural robustness and the most vulnerable part of the system can be found concisely in accordance with this matrix.     

具有粗砂层的FRP板与混凝土粘结性能试验研究

纤维增强复合材料板与混凝土的有效粘结是保证FRP-混凝土组合结构正常工作的基础.采用FRP板-混凝土块搭接接头的单剪试验方法研究FRP板与混凝土的粘结性能,为增强粘结效果,对FRP板表面采取了粘结粗砂的措施,试验同时考虑粘砂长度对粘结性能的影响.试验结果表明:(1)粘结破坏为典型的脆性破坏;(2)平均粘结强度与粘砂长度近似成反比;(3)粘结粗砂法可作为FRP-混凝土组合结构中有效的组合界面连接措施.提出的抗剪设计方法可用于FRP-混凝土组合结构中组合界面抗剪设计.     

Advanced unified failure model on uniformly reinforced concrete box section members

Based on the traditional Nielsen model,a unified failure model on the uniformly reinforced concrete box section members under combined forces was introduced by Luo and Liu.One of their contributions is adjustment of the shear carrying capacity of concrete at the member failure surface.In the unified failure model,the comparison with the experimental results verified this adjustment.Nevertheless,it should be pointed out that the adjustment factor of shear carrying capacity at member failure surface for the reinforced concrete members in the unified failure model is a fixed adjustment constant for all experiment data,which is basically determined by curve fitting.However,the adjustment factor should vary with the normal stress at the member failure surface.In this paper,an advanced theoretical model is introduced,in which the adjustment factor of shear carrying capacity at failure surface is a variable related to the normal stress at failure surface.Furthermore,the advanced unified failure model on the uniformly reinforced concrete box section member can still be expressed in a simple form.Finally,the comparison with several groups of test data has verified that this advanced model is more accurate and feasible to be used in design.     

连续配筋混凝土路面裂缝间距的可靠性分析

为了确保连续配筋混凝土路面(CRCP)的耐久性,需要将其随机变化的横向裂缝间距控制在预期合理的范围内,CRCP配筋设计必须考虑可靠性问题,根据概率论中求解随机向量函数概率分布的有关定理,建立了计算CRCP裂缝间距可靠度的直接积分公式,并与Monte Carlo的计算结果进行了对比。分别考虑裂缝间距超出上、下限两种不同失效模式,分析了设计参数及其变异系数对CRCP裂缝间距可靠度的影响规律。结果表明CRCP裂缝间距的可靠度主要与设计裂缝间距及参数的变异水平有关,CRCP配筋设计应使设计裂缝间距趋于上限和下限的中值,保证路面具有尽可能高的可靠度。