基于客流需求的城市轨道交通换乘站“人—车—站”协调研究

随着全国各大城市轨道交通加速成网,快速增长的客流带来了换乘车站换乘通道内客流疏散不及时、行人换乘效率和安全性降低以及车站服务水平下降等问题。通过分析列车运输能力、车站运营设施通过能力,建立列车输送与车站运营设施(站台、通道)的能力匹配关系。基于客流需求,研究城市轨道交通换乘站"人—车—站"的动态平衡条件。以重庆市轨道交通两路口站为例,依据列车开行方案、上下行楼扶梯设置、站台设置、以及相关客流数据等调研资料,通过计算、比较分析提出基于远期客流需求下,两路口站站台层换乘设施及站台的合理优化建议,为车站运营服务水平的提高提供参考。     

轨道交通车站客流与土地利用类型的关联性研究

车站是城市轨道为城市居民提供服务的窗口，城市是轨道客流的发生吸引源，客流特征与车站周边的城市开发强度、用地类型等息息相关。本文以深圳地铁为例，根据土地利用类型合理划分车站类型，选取典型车站进行交通调查，探究主要用地类型车站的接驳客流特征与规律；基于轨道车站运营数据，从客流时间分布角度解析土地利用类型对轨道客流的影响规律。研究发现轨道车站客流特征与车站所处城市区位、周边土地利用类型密切相关，把握其中的关联性，可为轨道规划设计和运营管理提供有价值的指导。     

城市轨道交通车站应急疏散仿真研究

研究城市轨道交通应急疏散分析方法,本文采用仿真技术描述城市轨道交通车站在突发状况下站内客流运动情况。以成都地铁犀浦站为例,针对其客流组织的复杂性,以站内基础设施布局、功能区划分、客流分布特征等为依据,利用Anylogic软件对犀浦站内突发情况进行客流仿真分析,建立客流动态仿真模型,得到应急疏散动态仿真效果图,得出高峰状态下人员疏散初始时间。最后,以成都地铁及犀浦站的未来规划为依据,分析其可能存在的应急疏散问题对其优化,提出新的疏散方案,得到动态仿真效果图并计算出总疏散时间。对比优化前后的指标,经过分析得出缩短应急疏散时间的有效方法。     

轨交车站站外限流栏杆设置方案优化研究

轨交客流的迅速增长给车站的日常运营管理带来极大的挑战,车站往往通过设置站外限流栏杆来保障运营安全,但对于栏杆对应急疏散能力的影响程度则缺乏足够的重视。本文以上海轨交运营网络为研究背景,在对站外限流栏杆设置进行分类研究的基础上,采用仿真的方法研究各类型站外限流栏杆在突发情况下对疏散效率的影响程度,为制定和优化轨交车站栏杆的设置提供理论依据。     

基于客流通行服务水平的轨道交通车站方案比选

随着轨道交通网络密度的增大,新建线与既有线换乘站受到越来越多边界条件的限制,客流通行服务水平的方案比选难以通过简单公式计算及常识分析进行判断。介绍和分析了上海轨道交通静安寺站客流通行的现状及方案,采用行人仿真手段对各方案客流通行服务水平进行评价及对比,提出了基于客流通行服务水平的轨道交通车站方案比选建议。     

市域快轨互联互通下的列车交路优化研究

市域快轨快速发展,需要对成网条件下市域快轨的运输组织进行研究,以更好地利用线网能力、提供优质的运输服务。为确定网络化列车交路的开行对数及折返车站,本文从运输需求和运输供给的角度,以实现乘客出行成本及企业的运营成本最低为目标,以通过能力、客流需求、列车交路总数限制为约束条件建立网络化列车交路优化模型。根据实际中具有列车折返能力车站的设置情况缩小可行列车交路方案范围,然后通过优化软件对模型编程求解。以两条市域快轨线路相交的情况为例,验证了该模型的可行性。     

北京地铁五号线崇文门站施工中允许地表沉降分析

建设中的北京地铁五号线崇文门站下穿既有地铁一号线区间隧道及众多地下管道,为保证既有地下铁道正常运营和地下结构的安全,需严格控制新建车站施工引起的地层位移.文章结合新建车站的暗挖施工及地下管线和既有线铁道的实际情况,计算和分析了穿越既有线地铁段施工的地表允许沉降值,可为制定合理的施工方案提供参考.     

基于灰色模型及月度比例系数法的铁路客流预测方法

文章针对铁路客流变化的影响因素及特点,提出了基于灰色模型及月度比例系数法的铁路客流预测方法,并通过实例分析,证明了该方法预测误差小、精度高、计算简便、可操作性强,可为铁路车站客运计划的制定及日常客运工作组织提供准确、可靠的数据。     

对上海地铁车站独立出入口形式的思考

上海数百个地铁车站出入口对方便乘客进出站及城市景观和谐产生了不容忽视的影响。通过对上海地铁车站独立出入口形式变化的分析与思考,寻找出其演变的规律,并提出一种能够兼顾有盖式与开敞式优点的敞篷式出入口方案,以供同行参考。     

紧贴运营地铁车站深基坑施工侧向变形相关性探析

以上海地铁8号线人民广场站深基坑施工为例,通过一系列实测数据的统计分析,对紧贴运营地铁车站进行深基坑工程建设过程中新、老车站结构变形规律,以及变形控制进行了现场监测和理论计算的分析研究。     

高铁枢纽建设与城市功能空间协同发展效率评价

随着我国高铁迅速发展,高铁建设如何与城市功能空间协同发展的问题引起广泛关注。为了评价高铁与城市协同发展的效率,本文从城市协同性、高铁枢纽建设、站城距离等角度,构建高铁枢纽建设与城市功能空间协同发展效率评价指标体系。并引入DEA模型进行分析计算其效率匹配度,为城市既有高铁站与城市协同发展程度提供依据。最后以京沪高铁为案例分析了24个车站与所在城市的协同关系效率值,结果表明,北京南站、上海虹桥站等高铁枢纽发展较好,常州北站、苏州北站、天津南站等较差,尤其是天津南站的通过能力、客流量等产出指标还需要进一步加强。     

基于乘客寻路行为的城市轨道交通车站导向标识序化设置研究

为实现轨道交通车站内客流快速疏散,避免因乘客滞留造成站内乘客出行效率低以及大客流压力导致的安全隐患等问题,本文对目前国内导向标识的设置原则及功能进行描述,依托大数据等信息化技术分析行人寻路行为机理及出行特征与导向标识序化设置间的关系,研究导向标识的序化设置,依据行人在不同交通设施的步行速度及信息处理时间,并提出在站内停顿点数量较多的通道、楼梯口及闸机处设置导向标识的位置,进而对导向标识的设置进行人性化和合理化的优化设置,对轨道车站内停顿点位置进行导向标识的合理布设,以快速引导行人进行出行决策,减少停顿点数量。     

An equity‐based passenger flow control model with application to Hong Kong‐Shenzhen border‐crossing

Cross‐border passengers from Hong Kong to Shenzhen by the east Kowloon‐Canton Railway (KCR) through the Lo Wu customs exceed nearly 200 thousand on a special day such as a day during the Chinese Spring Festival. Such heavy passenger demand often exceeds the processing and holding capacity of the Lo Wu customs for many hours a day. Thus, passengers must be metered off at all entrance stations along the KCR line through ticket rationing to restrain the number of passengers waiting at Lo Wu within its safe holding capacity. This paper proposes an optimal control strategy and model to deal with this passenger crowding and control problem. Because the maximum passenger checkout rate at Lo Wu is fixed, total passenger waiting time is not affected by the control strategy for given time‐dependent arriving rates at each station. An equity‐based control strategy is thus proposed to equalize the waiting times of passengers arriving at all stations at the same time. This equity is achieved through optimal allocation of the total quota of tickets to all entrance stations for each train service. The total ticket quota for each train service is determined such that the capacity constraint of the passenger queue at Lo Wu is satisfied. The control problem is formulated as a successive linear programming problem and demonstrated for the KCR system with partially simulated data.     

What determines rail transit passenger volume? Implications for transit oriented development planning

Transit oriented development (TOD) has been an important topic for urban transportation planning research and practice. This paper is aimed at empirically examining the effect of rail transit station-based TOD on daily station passenger volume. Using integrated circuit (IC) card data on metro passenger volumes and cellular signaling data on the spatial distribution of human activities in Shanghai, the research identifies variations in ridership among rail transit stations. Then, regression analysis is performed using passenger volume in each station as the dependent variable. Explanatory variables include station area employment and population, residents’ commuting distances, metro network accessibility, status as interchange station, and coupling with commercial activity centers. The main findings are: (1) Passenger volume is positively associated with employment density and residents’ commuting distance around station; (2) stations with earlier opening dates and serving as transfer nodes tend to have positive association with passenger volumes; (3) metro stations better integrated with nearby commercial development tend to have larger passenger volumes. Several implications are drawn for TOD planning: (1) TOD planning should be integrated with rail transit network planning; (2) location of metro stations should be coupled with commercial development; (3) high employment densities should be especially encouraged as a key TOD feature; and (4) interchange stations should be more strategically positioned in the planning for rail transit network.     

Equity-oriented skip-stopping schedule optimization in an oversaturated urban rail transit network

In this study, we focus on improving system-wide equity performance in an oversaturated urban rail transit network based on multi-commodity flow formulation. From the system perspective, an urban rail transit network is a distributed system, where a set of resources (i.e., train capacity) is shared by a number of users (i.e., passengers), and equitable individuals and groups should receive equal shares of resources. However, when oversaturation occurs in an urban rail transit network during peak hours, passengers waiting at different stations may receive varying shares of train capacity leading to the inequity problem under train all-stopping pattern. Train skip-stopping pattern is an effective operational approach, which holds back some passengers at stations and re-routes their journeys in the time dimension based on the available capacity of each train. In this study, the inequity problem in an oversaturated urban rail transit network is analyzed using a multi-commodity flow modeling framework. In detail, first, discretized states, corresponding to the number of missed trains for passengers, are constructed in a space-time-state three-dimensional network, so that the system-wide equity performance can be viewed as a distribution of all passengers in different states. Different from existing flow-based optimization models, we formulate individual passenger and train stopping pattern as commodity and network structure in the multi-commodity flow-modeling framework, respectively. Then, we aim to find an optimal commodity flow and well-designed network structure through the proposed multi-commodity flow model and simultaneously achieve the equitable distribution of all passengers and the optimal train skip-stopping pattern. To quickly solve the proposed model and find an optimal train skip-stopping pattern with preferable system-wide equity performance, the proposed linear programming model can be effectively decomposed to a least-cost sub-problem with positive arc costs for each individual passenger and a least-cost sub-problem with negative arc costs for each individual train under a Lagrangian relaxation framework. For application and implementation, the proposed train skip-stopping optimization model is applied to a simple case and a real-world case based on Batong Line in the Beijing Subway Network. The simple case demonstrates that our proposed Lagrangian relaxation framework can obtain the approximate optimal solution with a small-gap lower bound and a lot of computing time saved compared with CPLEX solver. The real-world case based on Batong Line in the Beijing Subway Network compares the equity and efficiency indices under the operational approach of train skip-stopping pattern with those under the train all-stopping pattern to state the advantage of the train skip-stopping operational approach.     

上海轨道交通10号线南京东路站建筑设计实践

上海市轨道交通2、10号线南京东路站为“厅-厅”通道换乘，介绍了10号线车站建筑的组成、车站总平面、站厅层、站台层、设备层、换乘通道以及车站附属建筑的设计分析。     

站城融合理念下高铁客运枢纽区域步行交通布置研究

本文对高铁客运枢纽区域内步行交通的影响范围和功能定位进行分析,提出在站城融合理念下,步行交通是高铁客运枢纽最重要的交通方式。利用开源数据,对比我国京沪高铁沿线与日本东海道新干线,以及北京南站、上海虹桥站、东京站、名古屋站,分析枢纽步行交通的影响因素,并提出站城融合背景下枢纽步行交通系统的规划建设重点和指标体系,为高铁客运枢纽实现站城融合、建立完善的步行交通系统提供参考。     

Computer aided design of the operation and the track layout of the passenger railway stations: interactive—graphic model AFAIG

This paper presents a software model for the planning of passenger railway stations. The aim of this model is the elaboration of operation programs within stations, and the evaluation of projects for the track layout.

This model allows the planner to elaborate interactively an operation program, through a man‐computer dialogue, in a way similar to the manual procedure with which he is familiar. On the other hand, the model includes an optimization algorithm which can be used to automatically set routes to the trains, through the station.     

The Movingo integrated ticket: seamless connections across the mälardalen region of Sweden

ABSTRACT

The need for improved public transport (PT) ticketing in ever-growing deregulated PT markets has made well-designed integrated ticketing systems a priority area of intervention for PT service providers around the world. Yet, very little practical evidence of its impacts are reported in Sweden and in the world at large. The focus of this study was the impacts of the Movingo integrated ticketing scheme in terms of PT patronage, user satisfaction and the perceived quality of the ticketing set-up. Three travel surveys were conducted along the Stockholm-Uppsala route. Methods including logistic regression and correlated t-tests were used to analyse the samples. The findings suggest that the scheme made rail commuting more attractive resulting in an overall increase of about 24% in ticket sales with 3% – 15% car commuters reporting that they patronised PT services after the project. The scheme also resulted in increased rail commuter satisfaction. The overall perceived quality of the ticketing set-up did not however improve due to interoperability challenges. Service providers’ uncertainty about equitable distribution of revenue among the participating service providers, interoperability challenges and the lack of interest among most of the participating service providers to sell Movingo tickets are some issues to be addressed.     

Forecasting short-term subway passenger flow under special events scenarios using multiscale radial basis function networks

Reliable and accurate short-term subway passenger flow prediction is important for passengers, transit operators, and public agencies. Traditional studies focus on regular demand forecasting and have inherent disadvantages in predicting passenger flows under special events scenarios. These special events may have a disruptive impact on public transportation systems, and should thus be given more attention for proactive management and timely information dissemination. This study proposes a novel multiscale radial basis function (MSRBF) network for forecasting the irregular fluctuation of subway passenger flows. This model is simplified using a matching pursuit orthogonal least squares algorithm through the selection of significant model terms to produce a parsimonious MSRBF model. Combined with transit smart card data, this approach not only exhibits superior predictive performance over prevailing computational intelligence methods for non-regular demand forecasting at least 30 min prior, but also leverages network knowledge to enhance prediction capability and pinpoint vulnerable subway stations for crowd control measures. Three empirical studies with special events in Beijing demonstrate that the proposed algorithm can effectively predict the emergence of passenger flow bursts.