我国铁路体制改革后城际铁路发展对策

本文分析研究我国城际铁路发展现状及发展趋势后,通过对我国铁路体制改革过程中城际铁路面临的主要问题进行剖析,提出我国城际铁路投融资、运营管理、票价管理、公益性补偿等方面的发展对策及政策建议。     

广东省铁路“十三五”发展思路探讨

加快交通基础设施建设是广东省深入贯彻落实中央"五大发展理念"、在新形势下推动区域协调发展的重要抓手。虽然广东省交通基础设施建设取得快速发展,但交通运输发展不平衡、不协调、不可持续的问题仍然突出,铁路仍是发展中的短板。"十三五"期间,广东省需要继续加快铁路建设,发挥铁路比较优势和骨干作用,构建与其他交通方式有机衔接的综合交通运输体系;以珠三角城际铁路为突破口,推动铁路投融资体制改革,促进城际铁路建设和新型城镇化可持续发展。     

我国城市群城际铁路建设时机研究

城际铁路对支撑和引领城市群发展具有重要作用,但要避免过度超前建设导致资源浪费,合理把握城际铁路建设时机至关重要。本文基于人口、经济水平等指标对城际通道的运输需求进行模型构建,并对20个城市群中的124条城际主通道进行案例分析。结果表明,至2030年,我国大部分城际主通道可利用高速铁路或既有铁路承担城际客运功能,但部分发达地区确有城际铁路建设需求。提出以下政策建议供相关部门参考:一是及时做好发达地区城市群城际铁路建设规划;二是慎重进行全国范围内的城际铁路大规模集中投资;三是重点抓好未规划有高速铁路的城际通道的城际铁路建设。     

加快发展京津冀城际铁路的紧迫性和战略实施途径

交通一体化是京津冀地区优化和引导城镇空间布局、疏解非首都核心功能和实现协同发展的重要基础,建设城际铁路是实现京津冀交通一体化的关键所在。本文分析了京津冀区域经济、人口、城镇化、资源环境等发展特征,梳理了协同发展战略要求下铁路网发展中存在的主要问题,阐述了加快京津冀地区城际铁路发展的必要性,提出了京津冀城际铁路发展的战略途径及措施建议。     

城际铁路速度目标值评价方法研究

我国建设城际铁路正成为大趋势,尽管大批城际铁路业已开通,在规划方面还缺乏有效的理论指导。城际铁路概念不清晰、功能定位模糊、速度目标值与系统制式不统一等问题亟待解决。本文通过分析城际铁路的功能定位,提出基于城际铁路功能定位的速度目标值评价方法,对未来城际铁路的规划建设具有参考意义。     

城际铁路高质量发展的问题与对策

我国城际铁路通车里程快速增长,逐渐连接成网,对传统铁路以及交通运输格局带来了深远的影响。梳理城际铁路发展情况,分析城际铁路在发展中存在的新情况、新问题,提出加强顶层设计、统筹规划综合运输网络体系、完善城际铁路建设国家标准体系、创新城际铁路运营管理模式等有效促进城际铁路健康发展的措施建议。     

开往春天的列车

正加快铁路尤其是中西部铁路建设,不仅可以扩大有效投资、带动相关产业发展,而且有利于推动新型城镇化、改善欠发达地区发展环境、帮助干百万人摆脱贫困。早在2013年,《国务院关于改革铁路投融资体制加快推进铁路建设的意见》中就明确了铁路投融资体制改革方向以及两年内铁路建设     

考虑一定服务质量的城际铁路通过能力研究

城际铁路区段通过能力是衡量铁路运输部门能否合理利用线路和是否满足客流需求的重要依据。本文针对城际铁路时段客流特性,考虑不同时段下列车正点可靠性的差异性以及天窗产生的三角区对"时段长度"的影响,分时段选取列车运行组合模式、计算区段通过能力。引入时段"空费时间"对各时段通过能力进行衔接,以计算最终全日城际铁路通过能力。通过算例,计算该某城际铁路区段下行方向通过能力以验证该方法的准确性。研究考虑列车服务水平的城际铁路通过能力,对于制定列车开行方案,提高列车满载率和提高列车服务水平具有指导意义。     

我国市郊铁路投融资模式选择

文章梳理分析了我国市郊铁路投融资模式的现状,认为在目前政府决策、政府投资、政府提供的模式下,存在投融资模式单一、融资工具使用少、主流融资工具与市郊铁路运营特性不匹配、主流投资回报机制缺乏激励约束机制等问题。未来应该积极组合使用多种投融资模式,促进投资主体多元化,提高财政资金的使用效率,积极使用长期融资工具,创新多模式的投资回报机制,以适宜的投融资模式促进市郊铁路的快速和可持续发展。     

全面深化铁路投融资体制改革研究

新形势下铁路投融资领域面临社会资本投资铁路总量偏小且结构单一、融资难融资贵问题较为突出、受到体制机制的明显制约等严峻挑战。本文在分析我国铁路投融资体制改革背景与目标的基础上,借鉴其他行业投融资改革实践经验,剖析社会资本投资铁路"玻璃门"的成因,并提出了深化铁路投融资体制改革的对策措施,以供决策部门参考。     

合资铁路重组背景下省级铁路平台可持续发展对策

在铁路行业高度垄断,铁路运营普遍效益欠佳和地方政府财力有限的现实环境下,特别是国铁集团近年来大力推行“一省一公司”合资铁路重组整合的改革,对省级铁路平台的发展带来了新的巨大的问题挑战,本文结合当前在全国大力推行的合资铁路重组改革的背景,分析了省级铁路平台在改革中将面临的重大问题,包括既有投融资能力难以支撑大规模规划项目建设、已建铁路运营大规模亏损、铁路行业建设运营高度垄断严重以及铁路土地综合开发进展迟缓等一系列问题,并针对以上问题提出相关的对策建议。     

Internalization of Transportation External Costs: Impact Analysis of Logistics Company Mode and Route Choices

Abstract

This study focuses on the mode and route choices of a logistics company in a situation involving intercity transportation with networks of surface roads, highways and a railway. A method of transportation network analysis is applied to construct a logistics company mode and route choice models with the objective of minimizing total distribution and external costs. This study also assumes that the fleet number and vehicle capacities are given. Freight distributed from a distribution center to given retailers or consumers via surface road/highway links or via intermodal transportation involving surface road/highway links and a railway. In terms of model construction, this study first explores the routing and sequence of the retailers and consumers served by each vehicle. Second, the study internalizes the external cost of air pollution into the total distribution cost, to analyze the influences of external cost burdens on a logistics company mode and route choices from a user charge perspective. Finally, the study designs a heuristic algorithm for solving the above models, and illuminates the modeling process using a numerical example.     

交通产业结构优化与城际铁路发展探讨

文章分析了城际高速铁路的特点和功能,阐述了交通产业结构的基本属性和发展趋势。并结合我国第一条城际铁路——京津城际铁路建成后对周边产业结构的实际影响效果,从交通产业结构优化的角度分析发展城际铁路的意义。     

关于广西公路建设投融资体系的构想

“十一五”期间,广西经济社会的发展对交通提出了更新更高的要求,要保证“十一五”期间交通发展规划的顺利实施,必须坚持“多条腿走路、多轮子滚动”,多渠道筹措交通建设资金。文章对广西公路建设投融资方式进行了分析,研究现行方式的局限性,提出了几种创新的融资方式。     

瓮马铁路南北延伸线引入都匀地区方案研究

通过分析都匀地区既有铁路现状及规划铁路,结合瓮马铁路货物流向,提出了瓮马铁路南延线引入黔桂线的必要性。结合都匀地区地形、城市规划和自然保护区范围,研究了瓮马铁路在黔桂线的前方站(都匀北站)或黔桂线绿荫湖站设置交接场引入都匀地区的方案,考虑到运营管理分解划分明确,减少折角运输,一次性建成南北直通通道,吸引国铁直通车流等因素,宜采用设置都匀北站交接场的方案。根据线路引入既有黔桂线接轨点的不同,对双线区间接轨方案、新都匀站站房同侧引入方案和新都匀站站房对侧引入方案进行分析,从工程量、工程投资、运输组织、施工难度及风险、投资建设模式等方面比较,得出双线区间接轨引入都匀地区方案最优。     

Marseilles integrated transport system

To be fully effective, metro lines must be connected with other modes of transport. This principle has been applied in the city of Marseilles, France. First, a very good interchange between the two metro lines and the national and suburban railway has been developed in the Saint-Charles main railway station. This interchange connects with the adjacent intercity bus terminal. Second, at every metro station, access facilities and neighborhood development were planned. Third, bus stations and car parks were installed at main rail stations. All this was made possible by early coordinated planning.     

基于高速铁路常旅客计划的全流程智慧行李服务方案构建

随着"铁路畅行"和"客运提质计划"的提出,提供高质量、个性化的旅客服务成为高速铁路客运发展的关键方向。为打造全新旅客行李服务概念,基于"铁路畅行"会员常旅客计划,构建全流程、门到门智慧行李服务方案,从旅客需求角度出发,采取"人货分离"模式,突破传统站内行李服务的模式,拓宽业务场景,延长商业链,形成一套系统完整的方案。全流程智慧行李服务作为一项新的服务模式,为培育旅客需求,提高顾客粘合度,挖掘高铁行李服务的潜在市场,优化铁路盈利结构,加快构建铁路客运服务体系,提升铁路在运输市场的竞争力提供支持。     

A comparative life-cycle energy and emissions analysis for intercity passenger transportation in the U.S. by aviation,intercity bus,and automobile

Intercity passenger trips constitute a significant source of energy consumption, greenhouse gas emissions, and criteria pollutant emissions. The most commonly used city-to-city modes in the United States include aircraft, intercity bus, and automobile. This study applies state-of-the-practice models to assess life-cycle fuel consumption and pollutant emissions for intercity trips via aircraft, intercity bus, and automobile. The analyses compare the fuel and emissions impacts of different travel mode scenarios for intercity trips ranging from 200 to 1600 km. Because these modes operate differently with respect to engine technology, fuel type, and vehicle capacity, the modeling techniques and modeling boundaries vary significantly across modes. For aviation systems, much of the energy and emissions are associated with auxiliary equipment activities, infrastructure power supply, and terminal activities, in addition to the vehicle operations between origin/destination. Furthermore, one should not ignore the embodied energy and initial emissions from the manufacturing of the vehicles, and the construction of airports, bus stations, highways and parking lots. Passenger loading factors and travel distances also significantly influence fuel and emissions results on a per-traveler basis. The results show intercity bus is generally the most fuel-efficient mode and produced the lowest per-passenger-trip emissions for the entire range of trip distances examined. Aviation is not a fuel-efficient mode for short trips (<500 km), primarily due to the large energy impacts associated with takeoff and landing, and to some extent from the emissions of ground support equipment associated with any trip distance. However, aviation is more energy efficient and produces less emissions per-passenger-trip than low-occupancy automobiles for trip distances longer than 700–800 km. This study will help inform policy makers and transportation system operators about how differently each intercity system perform across all activities, and provides a basis for future policies designed to encourage mode shifts by range of service. The estimation procedures used in this study can serve as a reference for future analyses of transportation scenarios.     

Development and Impact of the Modern High‐speed Train: A Review

Abstract

The inauguration of the Shinkansen high‐speed train service between Tokyo and Osaka, Japan, at 210 kph maximum operating speed some 40 years ago marked the comeback of the train as an important passenger mode of transport. Since then high‐speed train (HST) services have been introduced in many countries and are planned in many more, and the train has once more become the dominant mode of transport on many routes. This review summarizes the different elements of HST operation with the aim of characterizing HST operation and putting in context its impact in terms of what it is best designed for and what it can deliver. The review concludes that the HST is best designed to substitute conventional railway services on routes where much higher capacity is required and to reduce travel time, further improving the railway service, also against other modes, therefore leading to mode substitution. However, the high investment in HST infrastructure could not be justified based on its economic development benefits since these are not certain. Finally, the following definition for HST services is suggested: high capacity and frequency railway services achieving an average speed of over 200 kph.     

Forecasting high-speed rail ridership using a simultaneous modeling approach

Abstract

The newly launched, June 2009, US High-Speed Intercity Passenger Rail Program has rekindled a renewed interest in forecasting high-speed rail (HSR) ridership. The first step to the concerted effort by the federal, state, rail, and other related agencies to develop a nationwide HSR network is the development of credible approaches to forecast the ridership. This article presents a nested logit/simultaneous choice model to improve the demand forecast in the context of intercity travel. In addition to incorporating the interrelationship between trip generation and mode choice decisions, the simultaneous model also provides a platform for the same utility function flowing between both the decision-making processes. Using American Travel Survey data, supplemented by various mode parameters, the proposed model improves the forecast accuracy and confirms the significant impact of travel costs on both mode choice and trip generation. Furthermore, the cross elasticity of mode choice and trip generation related to travel costs and other modal characteristics may shed some light on transportation policies in the area of intercity travel, especially in anticipation of HSR development.