预应力混凝土T型梁早期裂缝防治措施

T型梁在预制过程中出现早期裂缝的现象比较普遍。结合工程实际,分析早期裂缝产生的原因,并提出预防早期裂缝的有效对策和措施,供设计、施工人员参考。     

预制空心板结构性能检验方法探讨

预制空心板常需要进行结构性能检验,即对构件进行承载力、挠度和裂缝宽度(或抗裂)检验,本文着重介绍了其检验荷载计算和加载程序.     

预制空心板结构性能检验方法探讨

预制空心板常需要进行结构性能检验，即对构件进行承载力、挠度和裂缝宽度（或抗裂）检验，本文着重介绍了其检验荷载计算和加载程序。     

预制混凝土沉箱早期温度裂缝控制

介绍混凝土温度裂缝产生的机理,并探讨了大体积混凝土结构早期温度裂缝的影响因素。通过工程实例,对不同混凝土试样在温升量测试验(TRET)中温度和变形方面的试验结果进行比较和分析,提出了预制大体积混凝土沉箱早期温度裂缝的控制措施。     

预应力连续箱梁腹板早期裂缝的成因与修复

预应力箱梁早期裂缝是施工中的常见问题。分析预应力混凝土箱梁施工中腹板开裂的成因,介绍粗裂缝构件修复的施工工艺、材料选择,为预应力箱梁早期裂缝修复提供参考。     

市政工程清水混凝土构件的预制化技术探究

为研究清水混凝土在市政工程结构件实现预制化的生产技术,详细对混凝土配合比设计、脱模剂、构件模具等生产技术进行研究,对比论证了不同预制工艺下混凝土构件饰面清水效果的影响,分析并提出了一套市政工程清水混凝土构件的预制化生产工艺。     

基于弹塑性损伤本构的混凝土裂缝扩展分析

该文提供了一种能有效模拟混凝土裂缝扩展的方法,即利用有限元程序中的材料弹塑性损伤本构关系,分别考察了无初始裂缝和有初始裂缝缺陷的钢筋混凝土梁裂缝扩展的过程,从损伤开始到裂缝扩展再到破坏的整个过程中,可以明确地捕捉到混凝土裂纹的产生和扩展演变过程,得到混凝土损伤特性图和损伤状态下的混凝土与钢筋的应力变化。结果表明:钢筋与混凝土共同作用时,能均匀分布混凝土塑性损伤影响区,均匀出现多条损伤裂缝,裂缝扩展形式与实际相符,这种模拟混凝土开裂的方法能够容易得到各荷载阶段的塑性损伤破坏单元;利用塑性损伤模型对构件预制和运输过程中出现的开裂缺陷情况进行模拟,了解到初始裂缝对承载能力有一定影响,应做好构件使用前的开裂检查工作。     

低强早期张拉控制预应力混凝土梁裂缝施工技术

对混凝土梁体裂缝成因进行分析,通过杭州湾跨海大桥70 m预制箱梁的工程实践,阐述采取低强早期张拉的工艺措施,控制预应力混凝土梁裂缝的施工技术。     

35m预制T梁开裂后的承载力性能评估

针对某大桥引桥40m预制T梁在预制施工过程腹板出现开裂的现象,采用荷试验的方法对开裂后T梁的承载力性能进行了评估。通过试验结果可知:试验荷载作用下,结构处于弹性受力阶段,且结构恢复能力良好;荷载作用下T梁早期裂缝主要表现为对裂缝局部位置受力的影响;荷载校验系数和相对残余率均满足规范要求值,裂缝对T梁的整体受力性能影响较小。     

箱梁预制施工中裂缝产生原因及预防措施

分析了梁板预制过程中梁板产生裂缝的原因,探讨了针对箱梁预制中的各项突出问题所采取的预防措施,并结合施工工艺,研究了原材料对裂缝的影响。根据这些研究结果采取了措施,使箱梁预制过程所产生的裂缝得到了有效控制,从而有效地保证了梁板的预制质量。     

高掺量粉煤灰碾压混凝土路用力学性能的研究

通过对高掺量粉煤灰碾压混凝土的力学性能的测试和对其中粉煤灰掺量的影响及提高水泥标号对粉煤灰激发效果的机理分析,得出以下结论;高掺量粉煤灰碾压混凝土的早期强度随粉煤灰掺量的提高呈下降趋势,但随龄期增长幅增大;提高粉煤灰掺量有利于降低碾压混凝土的脆性;提高水泥标号对高掺量粉煤灰碾压混凝土的早期强度有利,但降低了抗折强度的后期增幅。     

Assessment of a semi-Hertzian method for determination of wheel–rail contact patch

Wheel–rail contact calculations are essential for simulating railway vehicle dynamic behavior. Currently, these simulations usually use the Hertz contact theory to calculate normal forces and Kalker's ‘FASTSIM’ program to evaluate tangential stresses. Since 1996, new methods called semi-Hertzian have appeared: 5 Kik, W. and Piotrowski, J. A fast approximate method to calculate normal load at contact between wheel and rail and creep forces during rolling. Paper presented at the 2nd Mini-conference on Contact Mechanics and Wear of Rail/Wheel Systems. July29–31, Budapest.  [Google Scholar] 7 Ayasse, J. B., Chollet, H. and Maupu, J. L. 2000. Paramètres caractéristiques du contact roue-rail. Rapport de Recherche INRETS n225, ISSN 0768–9756 (in French) [Google Scholar] (STRIPES). These methods attempt to estimate the non-elliptical contact patches with a discrete extension of the Hertz theory. As a continuation of 2 Ayasse, J. B and Chollet, H. 2005. Determination of the wheel–rail contact patch in semi-Hertzian conditions. Vehicle System Dynamics, 43(3) [Google Scholar], a validation of the STRIPES method for normal problem computing on three test cases is proposed in this article. The test cases do not fulfill the hypothesis required for the Hertz theory. Then, the Kalker's FASTSIM algorithm is adapted to STRIPES patch calculus to perform tangential forces computation. This adaptation is assessed using Kalker's CONTACT algorithm.     

薄壁曲线箱梁桥剪滞效应分析的一维有限单元法

在分析曲线箱梁桥剪滞效应时,使用多参数翘曲位移函数,并考虑了轴力平衡条件;在流动的圆柱极坐标系下,建立了包含剪滞效应的每节点有１０个自由度的薄壁曲线箱梁一维有限元列式。分析结果与文献（１,２）中的结果比较表明：该方法是简捷而有效的。     

Development of active front wheel steering control system keeping stable region in driving phase diagram

This paper presents a new active steering control system based on driving phase diagram (β _fr ?δ _f diagram). In order to make state variables to follow those of nominal vehicle model that was developed under no consideration of disturbance, Quadratic Programming Problem (QPP) is formulated, where time varying objective function minimizes the differences between nominal and actual parameters. The steering characteristic in active steering control system changes when the vehicle faces disturbance such as crosswind and flat tire, and driver tries to counteract it after recognizing the change. The proposed method defines a stability region on β _fr ?δ _f diagram. In order to make β _fr and δ _f remain in the stability region, a new model predictive controller is proposed. While conventional controllers are restrictive to satisfy the β _fr ?δ _f diagram based stability condition, the proposed controller ensures solution space and also plays a direct role to minimize the evaluation function in the constrained optimal control problem.     

Investigation of Occupant Lower Extremity Injures under Various Overlap Frontal Crashes

Objective

With widely usage of restraint system, fatal injuries to occupants have been largely limited while non-fatal lower extremity injuries have not been effectively improved. The present study aims to investigate occupant lower extremity injuries under realistic impact environments.

Methods

A biofidelic lower extremity model, a dummy model and a car cab model were combined to set up a realistic impact environment. Three typical frontal impact groups were simulated. Occupant global lower kinematics, long bone axial force and bending moment were presented to in-depth investigate lower extremity injury mechanism and tolerance.

Results

Various overlap frontal impacts cause totally different lower extremity kinematics in the combination of structural invasion and restraint system effects. The femur fracture occurred at a small axial force of 7.57 kN combing a substantial bending moment peak of 172 Nm. Ankle joint injuries were found in 100 % and 25 % overlap impacts that present large tibial axial force and joint rotation angle.

Conclusions

Overall results indicate that a coupling threshold of femur axial force and bending moment is of rationality to predict global femur fracture. The ankle joint injury occurrence is significantly related to the coupling effects of tibia axial force and excessive self-kinematics.

     

综合数字地面模型的数据结构与建模方法

研究了属性区可识别地面模型的基本概念,实测建立该模型的实现方法,基本数据格式与数据结构,介绍了综合数字地面模型基本建模操作的基本算法。