AVL657内燃机数据采集分析系统功能开发

奥地利ＡＶＬ公司生产的ＡＶＬ６５７数据采集分析系统，是一套对内燃机瞬变过程进行高速数据采集，处理和存储的测试设备。阐述了该系统的数据文件存储格式的转换原理和方法，以及在柴油机运转条件下喷油过程测量，多缸机单缸进气充量测量的计算原理和程序编制。     

汽车发动机可变气门驱动机构

本文介绍汽车发动机采用可变气门驱动机构（ＶＶＡ）在改善怠速稳定性，动力性，经济性等方面的技术效应。介绍投入实用和接近的实的ＶＶＡ机构的特点，工作原理，并分析了它们的优缺点。     

问与答

目前发动机的新兴技术多种多样,有些名称都差不多。例如VVT,VVT-i等,请编辑帮忙解释一下有何区别,而VVT-i和双VVT-i相比又有什么不同?VVT英文是Vari-able Valve Timing,也就是发动机可变气门正时技术。是近些年来被逐渐应用的新技术中的一种。发动机采用可变气门正时技术可以提高进气充量,使充量系数增加,发动机的转矩和功率可以得到进一步的提高。如今如本田的     

配气机构改进的必要性和方法

现有四冲程往复活塞式内燃机上采用的气门式配气机构,制约了该内燃机节能减排水平的进一步提高:1.汽油机中,气门式配气机构向内往复开闭,使气门头向内伸出占用了缸内空间,导致缸内废气无法完全排出。在怠速、低速时,为了克服残余废气的稀释作用,需加浓混合气,造成C O的大量生成;2.柴油机中,气门式配气机构的气门头对进气气流有阻碍作用,使充量系数和进气流速成反比,为保证充量系数而降低进气流速,导致缸内气体运动强度不够、油气混合不均匀,实际运转时造成C O、PM、N Ox的大量生成。为解决上述问题,本人设计了旋转式配气机构。     

可调涡轮增压器改善柴油机低速扭矩特性的试验研究

为考察可调涡轮增压器对柴油机低速扭矩特性的影响，将所研制的ＶＧＴ－７０Ａ型转叶式可调涡轮增压器与Ｊ６１１０Ｚ型柴油机匹配进行了性能试验。介绍了试验设备和试验方法。试验结果表明，ＶＧＴ－７０Ａ型增压器具有在全工况范围内与柴油机良好匹配的潜力，特别是在提高低速扭矩储备方面有明显效果。     

基于实例库的轮胎起重机起升机构CAD软件的研制

文章介绍了在Ｗｉｎｄｏｗｓ９８平台下，采用ＶｉｓｕａｌＣ＋＋语言开发的轮胎起重民升机构设计，计算、零部件选型的ＣＡＤ软件，该软件可利用实例库辅助传动方案的生成，从而提高了设计效率和设计质量。     

有直动式液压间隙调节器的气门机构的动力学模型

针对有液压间隙调节器（ＨＬＡ）的气门机构，采用两种模拟ＨＬＡ的方法－弹簧阻尼模型和液压模型－构造了气门机构的动力学计算模型。ＨＬＡ的弹簧阻尼模型以串联在一起的弹簧和阻尼分别表示高压腔机油的可压缩性和泄漏的影响；液压模型则直接用流体力学导出的关系式计算高压腔机油压力，介绍了ＨＬＡ模型中主要刚度和阻尼尼系数的确定方法，以及一种估算ＨＬＡ高压腔机油混气比的新方法，关于气门机构和ＨＬＡ的试验以及动力学计算     

复合增压系统结构参数对车用柴油机进气过程的影响

开发了适合于车用柴油机的脉冲谐振废气涡轮复合增压系统，对不同的复合增压系统结构参数进行了试验研究，测录了进气压力波和充量系数，找到了一定的规律性，为谐振涡轮复合增压系统的深入研究奠定了基础。     

二甲醚均质压燃燃烧的详细化学动力学模拟研究

采用由美国Lawrence Livermore国家实验室提出的二甲醚(DME)详细化学动力学反应机理及其开发的HCT化学动力学程序，对均质充量压缩着火(HCCI)发动机燃用DME的着火和燃烧过程进行了分析。为考虑壁面传热的影响，在HCT程序中增加了壁面传热子模型。采用该方法研究了燃空当量比、进气充量加热、发动机转速和EGR等因素对HCCI着火和燃烧的影响。结果表明，DME的HCCI燃烧过程有明显的低温反应放热和高温反应放热两阶段；增大燃空当量比、提高进气充量温度使着火提前；提高发动机转速和采用冷却EGR使着火滞后。     

DVVT对缸内直喷增压发动机性能影响的试验研究

通过对GDI增压发动机进行DVVT扫点试验,研究了DVVT对GDI增压发动机外特性性能、部分负荷燃油经济性和怠速稳定性的影响。试验结果表明:对于试验发动机的凸轮轴型线而言,排气VVT的开启对发动机性能起到负面影响;外特性方面,中等转速工况采用较大的气门重叠角可提高体积效率;高转速采用较小的气门重叠角可提高充量系数;怠速和部分负荷工况下,较小的气门重叠角对改善发动机稳定性有一定帮助。     

Characteristics of gasoline in-cylinder direct injection engine

Combustion characteristics of a gasoline direct-injection (DI) engine were studied with fuel injection timing varied. This study showed that emissions at part load are reduced by optimizing in-cylinder air motion and injection timing. Antiknock quality and volumetric efficiency are improved at high loads. With our DI system fuel does not stick on the intake port wall during engine warmup and transient mode, and thus even a cold engine can be controlled with a quick response and a high resolution, which, as a result, can reduce emissions. Also, lean limit is significantly improved by optimizing the injection timing.     

Combined experimental and modeling methodology for intake line evaluation in turbocharged diesel engines

This paper presents a methodology for diesel engine intake line analysis that combines specific element tests and modeling. The purpose of this methodology is to determine the impact of intake lines, or newly designed intake elements, on the volumetric efficiency of internal combustion engines while avoiding expensive on-engine tests. For this research, the intake system is divided into several elements which are individually characterized using flow and impulse test rigs. Next, individual systems are modeled using a one-dimensional code. Finally, these component models are coordinated to provide an evaluation of the volumetric efficiency. Intake lines coming from two turbocharged diesel engines are used to illustrate the method. The model is validated by comparing the model results with the actual system performance evaluated in engine test cells. Discussions of the feasibility of the technique and on the impact of element model inaccuracies on the overall system model are provided.     

摩托车发动机切换凸轮型线可变配气正时机构研究

在摩托车发动机单顶置凸轮轴配气正时机构的结构形式基础上,研制一种可切换凸轮型线的VVT机构,具有2套可切换的进气配气正时参数。对VVT机构调整摩托车发动机热力循环过程和运行参数进行分析。结合JH125摩托车发动机所进行的研究表明:该机构结构简单、对原机结构改动小、成本低,能够实现配气相位的可变控制,有效改善发动机性能,可广泛应用于中小排量摩托车发动机。     

一款1.5L缸内直喷汽油机的燃烧系统设计

基于进气道三维流场测试装置、定容弹喷雾试验台和光学单缸机测试系统组成的缸内直喷汽油机燃烧系统可视化开发平台,开发设计了满足设计要求的高性能进气道,并匹配了缸盖燃烧室和活塞,有助于缸内混合气的形成,提高燃烧速率;综合考虑排放与机油稀释量的基础上,优化设计了喷雾靶点。对所设计的燃烧系统进行了光学单缸机试验和热力学多缸机试验验证。结果表明,进气道和燃烧室组织引导的气流在缸内形成高滚流,对喷雾油束有强烈的弯卷作用,极大促进了均质混合气的形成,并减小喷雾碰壁的风险;喷雾靶点的合理设计有效避免喷雾油束与壁面的碰撞,减少了机油稀释率和起燃工况HC排放;所设计的燃烧系统搭载1.5TGDI发动机实现了80kW/L、最大扭矩250N·m、排放较低的性能指标。     

含水乙醇蒸气对内燃机充气效率的影响

采用进气道预混合方式,在汽油机(柴油机)上燃用含水乙醇蒸气或者掺烧含水乙醇蒸气。本研究基于等热量假定和等摩尔量假定,计算和分析了掺烧含水乙醇蒸气对内燃机充气效率的影响。计算表明,含水乙醇蒸气完全替代汽油,充气效率有较大幅度下降;柴油机掺烧含水乙醇蒸气对充气效率的影响很小。     

车用高速汽油机电控可变配气相位系统

本文介绍了一种基于可变位置液压张紧器机构实现控制进气门关闭相位角的电控可变配气相位系统。该系统具有结构简单，对原机改动小，便于安装，成本低等优点。试验结果表明，采用该系统可明显改善发动机低速转矩、高速功率特性、燃料经济性及分工况的排放特性。该系统适合于顶置双凸轮轴车用高速汽油机。     

Efficiency improvement for an unthrottled SI engine at part load

Variable valve timing (VVT) and cylinder deactivation (CDA) are promising methods in reducing fuel consumption and emission at part load in SI engines. An SI engine which uses electromagnetic valvetrain (EMV) will eliminate flow restriction from the throttle valve and produce higher indicated mean efficiency pressure (IMEP) due to the disabling of some of the working cylinders at part load. Therefore, pumping loss can be significantly reduced at part-load conditions. In addition, duration and timing of valve events are variably controlled at different operating conditions. This contributes to the improvement of engine efficiency. In this study, a dynamic model of an unthrottled SI engine has been developed to simulate the engine cycle. The model uses an EMV system that allows valvetrain control and cylinder deactivation techniques to be carried out in simulation flexibly. The simulated results find the optimal valve timing for different engine speeds. The optimal timing of intake valve closing depends on engine speed linearly, while the intake valve opening insignificantly influences engine performance. Additionally, this study also shows that cylinder deactivation modes can be successfully applied in improving engine efficiency at different engine loads. Different cylinder deactivation strategies have been applied for the full range of engine loads. It is concluded that the two-cylinder deactivation mode (50% CDA) considerably improves fuel consumption at low engine load. Meanwhile, one-cylinder deactivation (25% CDA) is an optimal fuel economy mode at medium engine load. With proper uses of VVT and CDA strategies, the efficiency of an SI engine can be increased more than 30% at low engine load and 11.7 % at medium engine load.     

Combined effect of boost pressure and injection timing on the performance and combustion of CNG in a DI spark ignition engine

There is an increasing interest in supercharging spark ignition engines operating on CNG (compressed natural gas) mainly due to its superior knock resisting properties. However, there is a penalty in volumetric efficiency when directly injecting the gaseous fuel at early and partial injection timings. The present work reports the combined effects of a small boost pressure and injection timing on performance and combustion of CNG fueled DI (direct injection) engine. The experimental tests were carried out on a 4-stroke DI spark ignition engine with a compression ratio of 14. Early injection timing, when inlet valves are still open (at 300°BTDC), and partial injection timing, in which part of the injection occurs after the inlet valves are closed (at 180°BTDC), were varied at each operating speed with variation of the boost pressure from 2.5 to 10 kPa. A narrow angle injector (NAI) was used to increase the mixing rate at engine speeds between 2000 and 5000 rpm. Similar experiments were conducted on a naturally aspirated engine and the results were then compared with that of the boosting system to examine the combined effects of boost pressure and injection timing. It was observed that boost pressure above 7.5 kPa resulted in an improvement of performance and combustion of CNG DI engine at all operating speeds. This was manifested in the faster heat release rates and mass fraction burned that in turn improved combustion efficiency of the boosting system. An increased in cylinder pressure and temperature was also observed with boost pressure compared to naturally aspirated engine. Moreover, the combustion duration was reduced due to concentration of the heat release near to the top dead center as the result of the boost pressure. Supercharging was also found to reduce the penalty of volumetric efficiency at both the simulated port and partial injection timings.     

汽油机加速工况准维燃烧模型的建立方法研究

详细地介绍了汽油机加速工况时准维燃烧模型的建立过程。分析了加速工况和稳态工况下模型的区别,提出了加速工况时对稳态工况下模型的空燃比AF、充气效率、传热系数进行修正的方法。     

Gasoline multiple premixed compression ignition (MPCI): Controllable, high efficiency and clean combustion mode in direct injection engines

A novel combustion concept namely “multiple premixed compression ignition” (MPCI) in gasoline direct injection compression ignition (GDICI) regime is proposed. Its predominant feature is the first premixed and followed quasipremixed combustion processes in a sequence of “spray-combustion-spray-combustion”. The multiple-stage premixed combustion decouples the pressure rise with pollutants formation process, which means the pressure rise rate and emissions can be reduced simultaneously, while achieving a high thermal efficiency. The gasoline MPCI mode has been demonstrated in a research engine with a compression ratio of 18.5. Gasoline with the research octane number (RON) of 94.4 was tested under 1400 rpm, 0.6 MPa IMEP conditions, without EGR and intake boosting. A parameter study of common rail pressure and intake temperature was implemented to investigate their effects on the performance of MPCI mode. Compared to the single-stage diffusion combustion in traditional diesel engines, the gasoline MPCI mode achieves lower emissions of soot, NO, CO, as well as slightly higher indicated efficiency, with a penalty of higher THC emissions when the common rail pressure is larger than 80 MPa in this study. With intake temperature sweeping, the gasoline MPCI mode also has the foregoing advantages compared to the diesel under the same operating conditions.