CNG/柴油双燃料发动机燃烧特性研究

基于某高压共轨柴油机进行CNG/柴油双燃料发动机的燃烧特性研究。在不同工况下通过改变引燃柴油的喷射参数及空燃比改变燃烧特性,对发动机燃烧压力进行实时测量,对比分析双燃料发动机与柴油机的燃烧差异及引燃油量、引燃时刻和空燃比对双燃料发动机燃烧的影响。基于试验得出双燃料发动机的放热率、起燃时刻及燃烧持续期等特征,从而给出双燃料发动机性能提升建议。     

电控LPG/柴油双燃料发动机的性能研究

对LRC6105柴油机改装为电控LPG/柴油双燃料发动机进行了实验研究,研究了不同掺烧比对燃料经济性、动力性和排放特性的影响。结果表明,加入一定比例的LPG可改变缸内燃烧过程,大幅度降低排气烟度,在一定程度上提高了燃油经济性;随着掺烧比的提高,尾气中HC和CO的含量有明显增加;电控双燃料发动机的动力性与原机基本相同。柴油机掺烧LPG有一定的规律,随发动机负荷、转速等参数的变化,掺烧有一最佳掺烧比,使得柴油机的动力性能、NOx和碳烟排放均达到最优化。     

增压柴油机燃用LPG/柴油双燃料的性能研究

对IVECO索菲姆增压柴油机改装为LPG/柴油双燃料发动机进行了试验研究。结果表明 ,采用机电联合控制方式 ,双燃料发动机与原柴油机相比 ,动力性基本相同 ,排放烟度有大幅度改善 ,但CO ,HC ,NOx 排放都有不同程度的提高     

495ZLQ柴油机参数匹配与性能计算分析

利用发动机模拟计算软件BOOST建立了495ZLQ柴油机的计算分析模型,探讨分析了不同增压器型式、排气管结构、压缩比及供油提前角等匹配参数对整机性能的影响,并确定了较合适的匹配参数。对选定的柴油机优化方案进行了标定转速3 200 r/min和最大扭矩转速2 200 r/min下的负荷特性模拟计算分析与试验验证。结果表明,模拟计算结果与试验值较为一致,柴油机性能符合预定的目标,为该柴油机改进设计与试验研究提供理论依据和研究方向。     

柴油机高原燃烧特性研究进展

柴油机高原燃烧特性研究有助于揭示柴油机高原环境对柴油机工作过程的影响机理,提升柴油机高原性能。综述了柴油机高原燃烧特性研究总体情况,总结了高原环境条件对柴油机燃烧过程影响的规律和柴油机高原燃烧优化的基本规律。提出了柴油机高原燃烧特性研究的发展趋势,即研究目标从单工况功率恢复向变海拔全工况综合性能提升发展,研究内容从宏观规律到微观过程发展,研究方向向变海拔增压技术应用侧重。     

柴油品质对发动机排放性能的影响

在发动机台架试验上进行了柴油品质对欧Ⅲ、欧Ⅳ重型柴油机排放性能影响的试验研究,同时对国外相关研究项目发表的柴油品质对发动机排放性能影响数据进行综合分析,总结得到了柴油主要品质参数:十六烷值、硫含量、蒸馏特性T90/T95、芳香烃与多环芳香烃和密度对柴油机排放性能的影响规律和影响程度.     

福特/PSA(标致雪铁龙集团)合作研制柴油机

福特和ＰＳＡ有意向在柴油机研制方面进行合作。如果在研究和发展方面的合作协调一致的话 ,那么首先是用于轿车和轻型载重车的直喷式柴油机的应用领域。具体计划有 4个方案 ,双方共同组建一个工作机构 ,这个机构要管理双方所有的生产厂家 ,同时在众多的柴油机研究方案上做工作 ,目标是通过采用新技术 ,减少有害物质的产生 ,提高发动机功率 ,减轻发动机质量。要充分利用福特公司和ＰＳＡ集团现有的研究机构。ＰＳＡ集团承担轻型铝制发动机和中型柴油机的研制 ,福特公司承担用于大型轿车的Ｖ型发动机和用于轻型载重车的发动机的研制。福特/PS…     

双对置二冲程柴油机高原环境燃烧过程的模拟研究

为研究高原环境对对置活塞对置气缸(OPOC)二冲程柴油机性能的影响,采用三维数值仿真的方法对不同海拔条件下OPOC二冲程柴油机燃烧过程进行研究。通过混合气特征参数定量分析高原环境对OPOC二冲程柴油机缸内油气混合过程的影响。通过对燃烧特征参数的分析,研究高原环境对OPOC二冲程柴油机燃烧过程的影响以及对OPOC二冲程柴油机性能的影响。结果表明:高原环境下,OPOC二冲程柴油机缸内平均压力下降,平均温度升高,燃烧过程恶化,燃油消耗率增加,Soot排放显著增加,而NO_x排放下降不明显。     

柴油清净性对柴油机喷嘴结焦的影响研究

在XUD-9柴油发动机台架上,采用中国石油化工行业推荐标准SH/T 0764-2005<柴油机喷嘴结焦试验方法>,研究了不同油品对柴油机喷嘴结焦阻塞的影响.试验结果表明:加入有效的柴油清净剂,对柴油机喷嘴具有显著的清洁效果;我国车用柴油的清净性能与国外相比差距较大.     

天燃气/柴油发动机燃料控制系统的研究

对在用车柴油机进行天然气 /柴油双燃料发动机改造时的燃料控制系统进行了分析 ,研制出一套油气切换及燃料供给的调节与控制系统。研究结果表明 ,所研制的控制系统对原发动机改动小 ,操作简单 ,安全可靠 ,发动机性能可以满足设计要求。     

催化剂涂覆量对POC降低柴油机排放的影响

在1台4缸柴油机上进行了POC催化剂涂覆量对柴油机污染物排放量影响的试验研究,分析了POC催化剂涂覆量对HC,CO,PM和烟度的影响规律。结果表明,催化剂涂覆量为0.706×10-3 g/cm3时对HC和CO均有较高的转化效率,分别为58.4%和72.5%;涂覆催化剂后,POC对PM的氧化率和捕集率随POC前温度的变化呈现相似的规律,最高捕集率与氧化率均出现在230℃左右,分别为73.2%和30.1%。     

一种基于神经网络的氧化催化器出口温度控制方法

氧化催化器(DOC)出口温度控制是实现颗粒捕集器(DPF)主动再生控制的关键。本文介绍一种基于神经网络的氧化催化器出口温度控制方法,首先结合DOC系统的实际特征以及DOC传热及化学反应特性建立了一阶延迟DOC出口温度模型,然后在温度模型基础上基于神经网络建立了DOC出口温度预测模型,最后将DOC出口温度预测值作为闭环反馈输入建立反馈控制器计算HC喷射量进而控制DOC出口温度。本方法采用整车试验中连续变化工况来验证,试验结果表明DOC出口温度在DPF再生过程中控制在600±20℃范围内,满足DPF精确再生控制要求。     

采用氧化型催化剂降低柴油机尾气排放的研究

建立了柴油机氧化型催化剂的微型评价装置,采用微型评价装置和发动机台架试验对柴油机的氧化型催化剂的方案进行筛选,通过台架13工况法和底盘测功机检测,结果表明,采用氧化型催化剂对降低柴油机尾气排放十分有效。     

利用柴油机尾气后处理技术实现欧Ⅳ排放标准的试验研究

以某4缸增压直喷柴油机为样机,利用专业试验台架,在优化喷油提前角和EGR阀开度的前提下,联合利用氧化催化器(DOC)及微粒氧化催化转化器(POC)技术对柴油机尾气排放进行了试验研究,并总结了DOC和POC技术对柴油机排放的影响规律.试验结果表明,通过优化喷油提前角及EGR阀开度,并且选择正确的DOC与POC的布置形式,...     

Heat exchanger/catalytic system for reducing the exhaust emissions from diesel engines

A system has been researched over the past 3 years for reducing the exhaust pollutants from diesel engines for light commercial vehicles. The system researched achieves Euro 6 standards for reduction of polluting gases (CO, HC, PM, NO). It consists of 4 main sections: 1. A heater and heat exchanger (HE); 2. A CO/HC oxidising catalyst (D°C); 3. Pt catalyst on a diesel particulate filter (DPF); 4. A NO reducing reaction (SCR) within the DPF. The system operates as follows. The exhaust gas contains oxidising gases, namely both O₂ and NO₂. The levels of CO and HC are oxidised by O₂ to CO₂ for temperatures above 200°C. Carbon (PM) is oxidised to CO₂ by NO₂ but requires a temperature above 250°C. The operating exhaust temperature of 300°C is ideal for the removal of NO by using the Pt catalyst and the CO generated within the DPF. The heater is required to be able to raise the exhaust temperature at any time to 300°C in order to optimise the performance of the system, since diesel engine exhaust temperatures vary between 160°C (slow speeds) to 350°C (high speeds). Considerable heat is required (??3 kW) to maintain the exhaust gas for a 2l engine at 300°C for engine idle conditions. Therefore a heat exchanger is required to re-circulate the input heat and thereby reduce the maximum power consumption to a maximum of 500W over the engine full operating test cycle. This energy is supplied by the engine battery and alternator. Experimental results have been obtained for the exhaust from a Kubota diesel engine and the reductions in exhaust emissions of 83% (CO/ HC), 58% (NOx) and 99% (PM) were obtained. The PM was continuously cleaned so that there was no build up of back pressure.     

柴油S含量与净化装置对柴油机排放的影响

论述了柴油S含量对柴油机烟度排放的影响,对62辆柴油车辆燃用S含量高的市售柴油与特配的低S柴油进行了自由加速滤纸式烟度排放对比试验,证实S含量低,烟度排放低。研究了柴油机排气净化器对排气PM中硫酸盐含量的影响,通过发动机试验方法,得出Pd/γAl2O3 催化净化剂促进了排气中的SO2 向硫酸根的转化,使排气PM中硫酸盐含量增加的结论。     

Computational study on the effects of volume ratio of DOC/DPF and catalyst loading on the PM and NOx emission control for heavy-duty diesel engines

The use of a diesel particulate filter (DPF) in a diesel aftertreatment system has proven to be an effective and efficient method for removing particulate matter (PM) in order to meet more stringent emission regulations without hurting engine performance. One of the favorable PM regeneration technologies is the NO₂-assisted regeneration method due to the capability of continuous regeneration of PM under a much lower temperature than that of thermal regeneration. In the present study, the thermal behavior of the monolith during regeneration and the conversion efficiency of NO₂ from NO with an integrated exhaust system of a diesel oxidation catalyst (DOC) and DPF have been predicted by one-channel numerical simulation. The simulation results of the DOC, DPF, and integrated DOC-DPF models are compared with experimental data to verify the accuracy of the present model for the integrated DOC and DPF modeling. The effects of catalyst loading inside the DOC and the volume ratio between the DOC and DPF on the pressure drop, the conversion efficiency, and the oxidation rate of PM, have been numerically investigated. The results indicate that the case of the volume ratio of ‘DOC/DPF=1.5’ within the same diameter of both monoliths produced close to the maximum conversion efficiency and oxidation rate of PM. Under the engine operating condition of 175 kW at 2200 rpm, 100% load with a displacement of 8.1, approximately 55 g/ft³ of catalyst (Pt) loading inside the DOC with the active Pt surface of 5.3 m²/g_pt was enough to maximize the conversion efficiency and oxidation rate of PM.     

Comparison of HC species from diesel combustion modes and characterization of a heat-up doc formulation

This study summarizes engine speed and load effects on HC species emissions from premixed charge compression ignition (PCI) and conventional diesel combustion, and it evaluates diesel oxidation catalyst (DOC) formulations on a gas flow reactor for the purpose of diesel particulate filter regeneration or lean NO_x trap desulfation. HC emissions are sampled simultaneously by a Tedlar bag for light HC species and by a Tenax TA™ adsorption trap for semi-volatile HC species, and they are analyzed by gas chromatography with a flame ionization detector. The bulk temperature and residence time during combustion are key parameters that are important for understanding the effects of speed and load on engine-out HC emissions. The degree of post-flame oxidation is higher in PCI than in conventional combustion, and it is increased for PCI with a higher speed and load, as indicated by a lower fuel alkanes/THC ratio, a higher alkenes/fuel alkanes ratio, and a higher methane/THC ratio. Ethene and n-undecane are two representative HC species, and they are used as a surrogate mixture in the gas flow reactor to simulate PCI and conventional combustion with in-cylinder post fuel injection. Among the three DOC formulations tested, the catalyst with constituent precious metals of platinum and palladium (PtPd) showed the best light-off performance, followed by PtPd with an addition of cerium dioxide (PtPd+CeO₂), and platinum (Pt), regardless of exhaust compositions. Conventional combustion exhaust composition shows a lower light-off temperature than that of PCI, regardless of catalyst formulation.     

车用柴油机氧化催化转化器的试验研究

对车用柴油机氧化催化转化器进行了发动机台架试验研究。结果表明,加装氧化催化转化器后,柴油机烟度、CO,HC和PM排放显著降低,对其动力性能、经济性能和NOx排放影响则很小。分别燃用含硫体积分数不大于500×10-6和350×10-6两种柴油的结果表明,燃油硫含量对氧化催化转化器的性能有一定的影响。     

不同反应气氛下负载型Cu-Co/ZSM-5催化剂的柴油车NO_x净化性能

在模拟柴油车尾气气氛下,利用微反装置研究了浸渍法制备的Cu-Co/ZSM-5催化剂在不同反应气氛下的C3H8选择性催化净化NOx性能。结果表明,具有良好的净化NOx起燃性能和高温选择性的3%Cu-3%Co/ZSM-5催化剂在不同的反应气氛下催化性能各异。O2体积分数较低时(≤6%),O2的存在有利于C3H8催化还原NOx,催化剂的NOx转化率随O2体积分数的增加而增加;高温(300~400℃)反应时O2体积分数较高(≥6%)对C3H8催化还原NOx是不利的,O2的增加使催化剂的NOx转化选择性变差,NOx转化率下降。催化剂最适于的O2体积分数为2%~8%。C3H8体积分数越高,越有利于NOx的还原。反应气氛中的CO2和CO的体积分数变化对催化剂的C3H8催化还原NOx活性没有明显的影响,该催化剂仍具有较高的稳定NOx净化性能。催化剂在使用过程中应匹配好发动机的空燃比。