U型激光焊接夹层板极限强度试验研究

激光焊接夹层板因具有优越的力学性能以及众多结构优点在舰船防护结构设计中具有广阔的应用前景。本文以U型激光焊接夹层板为研究对象,设计其激光制造工艺流程,加工得到U型激光焊接夹层板试件;开展夹层板极限强度性能试验,通过试验得到了夹层板横向、纵向弯曲时的极限承载力及相应的变形模式;采用ABAQUS软件模拟试验工况,开展数值仿真研究,通过与试验结果进行比较,验证、完善有限元数值仿真分析技术,研究成果可为夹层板船体结构力学性能分析提供技术支撑。     

爆炸损伤后U型夹层板剩余强度实验研究

爆炸冲击损伤会对舰船航行和作战造成严重影响,而爆炸后的剩余强度研究对于评估舰船损伤后的生命力具有重要意义。本文以U型折叠式夹层板为研究对象,对水下爆炸冲击损伤后的U型夹层板开展弯曲实验,研究弯曲载荷作用下夹层板在纵、横2个方向的极限承载力和损伤变形模式。根据实验应用有限元软件Abaqus开展数值仿真分析,并把实验和仿真结果进行对比,以验证和完善有限元仿真分析技术,为分析基于夹层板的舰船结构强度提供技术支撑。     

U型折叠式夹层板防护性能数值仿真分析

开展夹层板单元防护性能研究可为舰船防护结构设计提供指导。以某船底加筋板架为应用对象,设计出U型折叠式夹层板结构;利用MSC.Dytran对船底板架及夹层板结构在水下爆炸冲击载荷下的动态响应进行数值仿真分析,通过分析流-固耦合压力、损伤变形、速度、加速度、结构塑性吸能等性能参数,对比研究两结构的防护性能;分析夹层板在不同冲击强度下的损伤特性,面板厚度、夹芯板厚、夹芯与面板夹角、夹芯单元宽度、夹芯高度等结构参数对夹层板损伤变形、结构吸能等特性的影响。通过研究得到了U型夹层板在水下爆炸冲击载荷下的损伤特性、变形模式等,U型夹层板的防护性能明显优于传统加筋板架,夹芯层在夹层板抵抗水下冲击载荷中起到关键作用,结构参数对防护性能产生不同程度的影响。     

组合压载下金属折叠式夹层板的后屈曲极限强度分析

金属夹层板以优异的力学性能已应用于实船。本文根据与加筋板重量相当原则,设计一种金属折叠式夹层板结构,考虑其应用于舰船甲板的受力特性,采用非线性有限元方法,研究夹层板结构在不同组合载荷作用下的非线性后屈曲极限强度。首先通过与经验公式及相关结果对比验证了本文数值仿真方法和技术的可行性和准确性;然后建立双向面内受压和垂向载荷作用下的金属折叠式夹层板结构数值模型,基于屈曲特征值确定屈曲极限强度分析的初始缺陷;考虑结构初始缺陷,计算得到夹层板结构的后屈曲极限强度;对金属折叠式夹层板在不同组合载荷作用下的横向、纵向后屈曲极限承载能力进行计算分析;并与传统加筋结构对比,结果显示本文设计的金属折叠式夹层板结构具有更优异的稳定性和极限承载力,结果对金属夹层板的应用与强度设计提供参考。     

采用U型夹层板的船舶上层建筑设计及抗爆性能分析

由于结构抗爆性能的要求越来越高,传统的加筋板结构不能使船舶结构性能得到明显的提高,因此以典型船舶上层建筑为分析对象,针对上层建筑前端壁结构开展轻量化设计,利用U型夹层板代替普通加筋板,同时开展有限元数值仿真分析,讨论U型夹层板的抗爆性能。结果表明,爆炸载荷作用下,由U型夹层板构成的上层建筑前端壁结构在延伸区域的变形相对较小,主要变形位置由板架中部转移到板架顶部,吸能情况也得到改善。U型夹层板结构提高了舱室内部人员与设备的安全性,表现出优良的抗爆性能,将其应用于船舶上层建筑,对降低船舶重心、提高结构性能具有重要意义。     

Quasi-static Compressive Behavior of U-type Corrugated Cores Sandwich Panels

金属基夹层板在船舶耐撞及防护结构设计中的应用研究成为国内外研究热点,夹层板具有高效的吸能特性,尤其是夹芯层结构.以U型折叠式金属基夹层板为研究对象,对夹芯层开展横向压皱力学行为实验研究,利用有限元软件Abaqus对其进行数值仿真研究,对比分析夹芯层结构的压皱力、变形、吸能和平均压皱强度等参数,数值仿真分析了不同单元变形模式(ModeI和Mode II)、初始变形对压皱性能的影响.研究表明:试验研究与数值仿真分析得到的U型夹芯层结构压皱性能吻合较好.夹芯层结构变形模式对结构的压皱行为及其压皱性能有显著的影响,变形模式I的吸能效率、平均压皱强度等性能参数均高于变形模式II.初始缺陷决定了结构的变形模式,随着初始塑性位移缺陷增加夹芯层结构的压皱性能下降.     

基于热点应力法U型激光焊接夹层板疲劳寿命分析

U型激光焊接夹层板作为新型船用结构,准确预报其疲劳寿命对于工程应用有着重要的现实意义。本文依据传统焊接结构热点应力外推方法,给出了适合激光焊接夹层板结构的热点应力外推公式,计算了不同外推公式下结构的疲劳寿命,并与已有的试验结果进行对比,最后研究了不同单元层数和焊缝宽度对结构疲劳寿命的影响。结果表明:采用本文的外推公式、外推区域面板厚度方向划分3层单元时,计算结果与试验值较为吻合,验证了热点应力法求解激光焊接夹层板疲劳寿命的有效性;并且结构的疲劳寿命随着焊缝宽度的增加显著提高。     

内嵌方框型金属夹层结构连接构件极限强度分析

激光焊接钢质夹层结构在国外已用于实船,其连接构件的强度特性,是尚待解决的关键问题之一。基于有限元分析软件Ansys,分析在面内载荷作用下,I型金属夹层结构内嵌方框型连接构件的失效模式和极限承载能力,并研究不同形式、不同尺寸的初始缺陷,以及连接构件的设计参数对极限载荷的影响规律。结果显示,其失效模式是普通焊接接头处大部分区域均出现塑性变形,形成塑性铰。对于各种类型初始缺陷,随着其尺寸的增大,极限载荷均降低;夹层面板和连接构件水平板的初始缺陷对极限载荷的影响较大,夹层腹板和连接构件垂向板的初始缺陷的影响较小。在控制重量的条件下,欲增大极限承载能力,最有效的途径是增大连接构件水平板的厚度;选取合适的夹层面板端部长度;尽量减小水平板长度。     

复合材料夹层板架结构在组合载荷作用下的极限强度研究

随着复合材料船舶建造尺寸越来越大,结构极限强度评估具有重要意义。本文基于后屈曲理论,通过渐进失效分析方法对复合材料夹层板架结构在组合载荷作用下的极限强度展开研究。首先通过与相关复合材料层合板试验及数值仿真结果进行对比,验证了本文渐进失效分析方法的准确性。然后,以复合材料夹层板架结构作为船舶上层建筑并考虑其受力特性,对具有初始缺陷且在轴向和侧向压力同时作用下的复杂受力状态的夹层板架结构进行计算,得到夹层板架结构的首层失效强度以及最终承载能力,并对失效位置做出预报。     

夹层板面内连接结构力学性能数值仿真分析

夹层板连接结构始终制约着夹层板在船体结构中的大规模应用。为推进夹层板连接结构的研究设计,以夹层板面内连接结构为研究对象,研究面内连接结构屈服强度、稳定性、极限强度分析的力学模型,然后从建模方式、单元类型、网格尺寸、加载速率、初始缺陷等多个方面研究面内连接结构力学性能数值仿真分析技术。通过研究确定:采用Shell-Shell-Contact建模方式,可以提高计算效率和计算精度;网格尺寸的选取应以计算资源作为主要考虑因素;可采用小尺寸板条模型研究极限强度,加载时间为5~10 T(T为结构固有周期)范围内可提高计算效率和计算精度;施加5%板壳厚度的初始缺陷,可在极限抗压能力分析时引导结构进入一阶屈曲模态。     

夹层板在舰船舷侧防护结构中的应用

水面舰船抗水下爆炸的性能是舰船生命力的重要方面,深受各国海军重视.以某型水面舰船为研究对象,基于夹层板进行舷侧结构设计;选取典型工况,采用三舱段模型技术,使用MSC.Dytran对夹层板舷侧结构在水下爆炸冲击波载荷作用下的动态响应进行仿真计算.比较分析了流-固耦合力、结构变形、速度、加速度、吸能等重要力学性能.结果表明夹层板应用于舰船舷侧结构使得结构的变形、位移减小,结构塑性吸能增加,显著改善了结构的冲击环境.夹层板是一种防护性能优良的结构形式,吸能效率较高,还减小了冲击波压力及冲量的吸收及传递,对减小舰船其它部位结构的损伤防护起到重要作用.     

改进V型夹层板近场水下爆炸抗冲击性能研究

对水下爆炸结构的响应进行分析,设计相应的结构来降低载荷效应是提高舰船抗冲击性能的重要研究内容。基于耦合欧拉-拉格朗日(CEL)算法,考虑流-固耦合等因素的影响,建立完整的水下爆炸数值模型,运用显式动态分析对普通加筋板、常规V型夹层板、改进的V型夹层板进行近场水下爆炸作用下的动响应分析,从结构与流体的相互作用、结构产生的变形、吸能特性等角度综合分析。结果表明,改进后的V型夹层板抗冲击防护性能明显提高,可为舰船抗冲击结构设计提供一定的参考。     

具有裂纹缺陷的加筋板的剩余拉伸强度分析

对具有裂纹缺陷的加筋板的剩余强度进行了数值分析.考虑了加筋板上的三种缺陷形式,即板和筋上的垂直裂纹,板和筋上的倾斜裂纹以及板上的裂纹和筋上的圆孔.对板和筋上的相对裂纹长度、材料属性、板和筋的厚度、裂纹开裂角度以及圆孔的直径等影响参数进行了分析.同时,将无加筋板剩余强度的经验公式推广到加筋板,并验证了公式的有效性.     

Experimental and numerical investigations on laser-welded corrugated-core sandwich panels subjected to air blast loading

Experimental investigations on the laser-welded triangular corrugated core sandwich panels and equivalent solid plates subjected to air blast loading are presented. The experiments were conducted in an explosion tank considering three levels of blast loading. Results show that the maximum deflection, core web buckling and core compaction increased as the decrease of stand-off distance. Back face deflections of sandwich panels were found to be nearly half that of equivalent solid plates at the stand-off distances of 100 mm and 150 mm. At the closest stand-off distance of 50 mm, the panel was found to fracture and fail catastrophically. Autodyn-based numerical simulations were conducted to investigate the dynamic response of sandwich panels. A good agreement was observed between the numerical calculations and experimental results. The model captured most of the deformation/failure modes of panels. Finally, the effects of face sheet thickness and core web thickness on the dynamic response of sandwich panel were discussed.     

Test of extensively damaged hybrid ship hull

A hybrid ship hull model made with a steel truss and composite sandwich panels was tested and analyzed with the goal of gaining insight into how well this structural concept holds up after major damage. One of the ideas of the concept was to mount the sandwich panels to the steel truss such that they can be blown out in a controlled fashion to ventilate a large internal blast. The hull should be designed to have sufficient strength for the ship to reach a port safely even after such extensive damage. A 6-m model of such a hybrid ship hull, consisting of a stainless steel truss and 60 composite sandwich panels, was manufactured and mechanically tested. A number of panels were then removed one by one and the hull was retested to the design load after each panel had been removed. The removed panels simulated major damage. After nine panels had been removed, from all the different areas of the hull, it could still carry the design load, although with considerable nonreversible deformations of the hull girder. The hull was eventually loaded to final failure, which occurred at 25% above the design load.     

Buckling and ultimate capability of plates and stiffened panels in axial compression

This paper presents extensive non-linear finite element (FE) analysis and formulation development work carried out on the ultimate compressive strength of plates and stiffened panels of ship structures. A review of contemporary designs for large ships was carried out. The existing formulae for plate ultimate compressive strength were reviewed and compared with non-linear FE analysis results. A semi-analytical formula for ultimate compressive strength assessments of stiffened panels was proposed and is described. The developed formula was verified against results using ABAQUS non-linear FE software for a series of 61 stiffened panels and a good agreement between the proposed formula and FE results were achieved. The method was verified against a large number of published FE results and was also compared with 58 experimental results. The developed method was also applied to the deck and bottom structures for a range of various sizes oil tankers and bulk carriers.     

蜂窝式夹层板耐撞性能研究

蜂窝式夹层板因有结构轻、强度高等优越的力学性能使其在卫星、飞机、高速列车、快艇等轻型交通系统中得到了广泛的应用。为了了解该结构的横向抗撞性能,利用有限元仿真软件MSC/Dytran分析了蜂窝式夹层板结构在横向冲击载荷作用下的损伤变形、碰撞力、能量吸收、耐撞性指标;并与等效平板进行了比较分析;讨论了结构尺寸参数和耐撞性能的关系。研究结果表明:蜂窝式夹层板具有良好的耐撞性能;结构密度是影响结构耐撞性能的关键因素;夹芯层高度对结构的耐撞性影响不大,随夹芯层高度增加结构吸能增加。     

Comparison of aluminium sandwiches for lightweight ship structures: Honeycomb vs. foam

The use of lightweight aluminium sandwiches in the shipbuilding industry represents an attractive and interesting solution to the increasing environmental demands. The aim of this paper was the comparison of static and low-velocity impact response of two aluminium sandwich typologies: foam and honeycomb sandwiches. The parameters which influence the static and dynamic response of the investigated aluminium sandwiches and their capacity of energy absorption were analysed. Quasi – static indentation tests were carried out and the effect of indenter shape has been investigated. The indentation resistance depends on the nose geometry and is strongly influenced by the cell diameter and by the skin – core adhesion for the honeycomb and aluminium foam sandwich panels, respectively. The static bending tests, performed at different support span distances on sandwich panels with the same nominal size, produced various collapse modes and simplified theoretical models were applied to explain the observed collapse modes. The capacity of energy dissipation under bending loading is affected by the collapse mechanism and also by the face-core bonding and the cell size for foam and honeycomb panels, respectively. A series of low-velocity impact tests were, also, carried out and a different collapse mechanism was observed for the two typologies of aluminium sandwiches: the collapse of honeycomb sandwiches occurred for the buckling of the cells and is strongly influenced by the cell size, whereas the aluminium foam sandwiches collapsed for the foam crushing and their energy absorbing capacity depends by the foam quality. It is assumed that a metal foam has good quality if it has many cells of similar size without relevant defects. A clear influence of cell size distribution and morphological parameters on foam properties has not yet been established because it has not yet been possible to control these parameters in foam making. The impact response of the honeycomb and foam sandwiches was investigated using a theoretical approach, based on the energy balance model and the model parameters were obtained by the tomographic analyses of the impacted panels. The present study is a step towards the application of aluminium sandwich structures in the shipbuilding.     

舰用钢质夹层结构连接节点研究现状综述

激光焊接钢质夹层结构的连接节点,是钢质夹层结构在舰船应用中的关键问题之一。梳理了钢质夹层结构之间、钢质夹层结构与传统船体结构之间的典型连接节点;阐述了钢质夹层结构连接节点的必要性和重要性,分析了连接节点设计需考虑的多种因素：连接强度、制造工艺和结构重量;汇总了平面对接的连接形式的现有研究成果,并总结了2种高效的有限元分析方法：平面应变模型的分析方法和壳-体连接结合子模型的分析方法。     

I型金属夹层结构连接构件强度特性研究及灵敏度分析

在国外,激光焊接钢质夹层结构已用于实船,其连接构件的强度特性是尚待解决的关键问题之一.应用有限元分析软件ANSYS,研究2种典型连接构件的面外强度特性及灵敏度.计算中,为降低计算规模,采用MPC壳体连接和子模型分析技术;进行灵敏度分析时,为减少大量方案计算所需的繁琐人工操作,应用Matlab驱动ANSYS,以批处理方式的有限元分析计算各方案的响应值.计算结果显示,在普通焊接接头处存在一定的应力集中.在控制结构重量的条件下,若要降低接头的应力集中系数,对于内嵌方框型连接构件而言,增大连接构件长度和夹层端部面板长度最为有效,增大水平板厚度也有一定的作用;对于外接平板型连接构件而言,最有效的途径是增大连接构件的厚度,并选取合适的连接构件长度.