琼州海峡罗斗沙岛岸滩演变分析

罗斗沙岛位于琼州海峡东侧,近年由于风暴潮、波浪水流的作用,岛屿西北侧发生严重侵蚀,通过分析罗斗沙岛屿附近的水文、地质和泥沙运动特性,对罗斗沙岛屿附近岸滩演变的原因进行了分析,并对今后演变趋势进行了预测。     

长江中游戴家洲河段河床演变分析及趋势预测

戴家洲河段来水来沙特点分析表明,本河段具有明显的平原河流特征,水流易受地形影响,河段年际间来水来沙存在较大的变化,来沙以流域产沙为主,河段内造床起主导作用的是悬移质泥沙运动.河段演变特点主要表现为:洪水河势基本稳定而中低水滩地则冲淤变化不定;池湖港心滩基本稳定;巴河边滩发育和冲蚀交替;戴家洲洲头不断变化;直港直水道和微...     

黄骅港海域表层泥沙特性及其影响

根据黄骅港所在海域的海岸演变规律，描述黄骅海岸总的泥沙运动趋势；根据现场测量结果给出黄骅港附近海域海床表层泥沙颗粒的分布规律，从港口回淤角度指出黄骅海岸应属粉沙淤泥质海岸；根据不同气象条件下黄骅港海域现场悬沙含沙量和悬沙粒度分布的测量结果，分析黄骅港海域表层泥沙的运动特性，并指出航道的可能回淤模式和疏浚对策。     

斗笠子卵石沙波运动规律及对航道的影响

斗笠子卵石沙波尺度较大,该河段卵石输移与河床演变特性直接影响下游航道的滩险演变与航道稳定性。采用动床模型试验及实测资料分析的方法,得出斗笠子滩卵石沙波形态、运动规律及对航道的影响。结果表明:斗笠子卵石沙波形态为顺行沙垄,波峰和波谷不固定,运动规律表现出明显的不规则性;卵石沙波在涨水阶段运动剧烈,退水阶段运动平缓,运动规律在前人成果上修正得到;卵石沙波未发生于主航槽,且在进入下游东溪口航槽之前分解消失,对航道无明显影响。     

黄河多泥沙桥区河段航道整治技术

黄河银川段为典型的游荡性平原河流，河床质为细沙，易冲易淤。涉水设施易引起沙质河床泥沙运动规律改变、河床地形发生不可预测的冲淤演变，水流流态紊乱，不利于船舶通过桥区河段，碍航滩险增多，整治难度加大。通过河床演变分析，借助数值模拟技术分析各代表流量下多泥沙桥区河段的水流流态和夹角、涉水建筑阻水率等参数，研究桥区河段的航道整治技术，兼顾对行洪影响，固化航槽，寻求航道整治和行洪等的平衡。结果表明，该航道整治技术使航道整治、行洪与桥梁建设相结合，既可以满足航道通航条件，也可以满足行洪要求，有利于船舶通航和桥梁建设。     

新疆卡拉贝利水库泥沙淤积一维数学模型研究

新疆南疆地区水库由于建库初期蓄水运行,库容快速淤损,虽然改变了运用方式,库区仍淤积严重。本文以水流运动方程及经过作者修正的泥沙运动方程为基础,同时引入与实测资料相符合的水流协沙力、动床阻力、泥沙级配等计算公式作为补充方程,构造出新疆卡拉贝利水库库区泥沙淤积一维数学模型。然后,采用清华大学一维悬移质不平衡输沙数学模型重新进行了模型分析验证计算。其结果表明,该模型能很好地模拟新疆南疆地区河道的输沙特性及河床变形规律。     

螃蟹碛滩碍航特性及卵石沙波形态分析

根据螃蟹碛滩多年实测地形、水文资料和历年整治方案,分析螃蟹碛滩碍航特性及卵石沙波形态特征。分析表明:经过两次整治方案后,航道条件得到改善,但仍然存在水深较浅、卵石淤积的现象。螃蟹碛沙波运动剧烈且不规则,床面形态为沙垄。螃蟹碛卵石沙波使主河槽3.5m水深线多处平面形态突变,通航水流条件较差;螃蟹碛卵石沙波波峰波谷交替出现,变化不规则,波峰位置处的航槽水深很难达到3.5m,影响通航尺度。     

滩槽泥沙交换对长江口北槽深水航道回淤影响的分析

黏性细颗粒泥沙在潮汐水流中运动的主要特性之一是存在多种不同尺度的输运形态。就长江口而言,其中1~2 m近底水流驱动下的高浓度悬沙输运应加重视。现场观测表明,近底高浓度悬沙的生成与黏性细颗粒泥沙在潮汐水流中的沉降特性有关,其输运对航道回淤的影响表现为滩槽之间的泥沙交换。初步估计横向水体高浓度悬沙输运造成12.5 m深水航道中段2 000万~3 000万m~3的年回淤量是可能的。这可能是造成航道中段集中回淤的重要原因之一。     

滩槽泥沙交换对长江口北槽深水航道回淤影响的分析

黏性细颗粒泥沙在潮汐水流中运动的主要特性之一是存在多种不同尺度的输运形态。就长江口而言,其中1～2 m近底水流驱动下的高浓度悬沙输运应加重视。现场观测表明,近底高浓度悬沙的生成与黏性细颗粒泥沙在潮汐水流中的沉降特性有关,其输运对航道回淤的影响表现为滩槽之间的泥沙交换。初步估计横向水体高浓度悬沙输运造成12.5 m深水航道中段2 000万～3 000万m3的年回淤量是可能的。这可能是造成航道中段集中回淤的重要原因之一。     

长江口潮汐河段挖入式港池回淤研究

以新通海沙围垦工程挖入式港池为例,针对长江口潮汐河段挖入式港池回淤问题,采用数学模型模拟了港区水流泥沙运动。结合相关河段实际回淤调查,研究了港池内水流条件分布与回淤分布,对港池回淤进行了估算。分析结果表明,港池内淤积分布形态与港池内水流分布规律相似,回淤估算结果与实际工程调查结果相符,可为潮汐河段挖入式港池的回淤预报和减淤措施提供重要参考依据。     

Determining the Scour Dimensions Around Submerged Vanes in a 180° Bend with the Gene Expression Programming Technique

Submerged vanes are installed on rivers and channel beds to protect the outer bank bends from scouring. Also, local scouring occurs around the submerged vanes over time, and identifying the effective factors on the scouring phenomena around these submerged vanes is one of the important issues in river engineering. The most important aim of this study is investigation of scour pattern around submerged vanes located in 180° bend experimentally and numerically. Firstly, the effects of various parameters such as the Froude number (Fr), angle of submerged vanes to the flow (α), angle of submerged vane location in the bend (θ), distance between submerged vanes (d), height (H), and length (L) of the vanes on the dimensionless volume of the scour hole were experimentally studied. The submerged vanes were installed on a 180° bend whose central radius and channel width were 2.8 and 0.6 m, respectively. By reducing the Froude number, the scour hole volume decreased. For all Froude numbers, the biggest scour hole formed at θ?=?15°. In all models, by increasing the Froude number, the scour hole volume significantly increases. In addition, by increasing the submerged vanes’ length and height, the scour hole dimensions also grow. Secondly, using gene expression programming (GEP), a relationship for determining the scour hole volume around the submerged vanes was provided. For this model, the determination coefficients (R²) for the training and test modes were computed as 0.91 and 0.9, respectively. In addition, this study performed partial derivative sensitivity analysis (PDSA). According to the results, the PDSA was calculated as positive for all input variables.     

压载水处理装置进出口导叶结构优化研究

为了增加压载水在UV杀菌装置内的照射时间、改善流场分布,对杀菌装置设计了旋向相反的进出口导叶。运用FLUENT软件对不同参数导流叶片的过流时间及流场进行了模拟计算,结果显示,在流量和叶片厚度不变时,减少叶片数、增加出口安装角及采用弯曲型导叶,均能增加过流时间。当导叶片数为3片,导叶片厚度为10mm,导叶出口安装角为20°时,海水流过紫外腔时照射时间比没有安装导叶前增加了0.327s,达到了杀菌要求。     

和畅洲汊道深水航道整治右汊水动力改善措施分析

在分析长江下游镇扬河段和畅洲水道水沙特性和目前航道条件的基础上,利用最新的实测枯季地形资料,建立和畅洲水道平面二维水流数学模型,计算多种整治思路不同工程措施下,作为通航汊道右汊的水动力因子分流比和流速的增加情况,分析比较各类工程措施的整治效果和利弊,明确应以左汊布置2道潜坝为治理措施研究的主要方向,为12.5 m深水航道建设提供技术依据。     

水下圆柱冲刷的时间演变（英文）

Temporal evolutions of scour at submerged circular cylinders were investigated. Flow visualization was carried out around the cylinders over plane, under developed and equilibrium scour holes. Video analysis technique was used to formulate the equations for determining the diameter of the horseshoe vortex around the submerged cylinders, which is also verified from the vector diagrams drawn using the velocity measurements. The scour process similar to live bed scour was noticed around the downstream cylinder. The diameter of the horseshoe vortex is found to depend on the diameter of respective cylinder, submergence ratio,spacing between the cylinders and skew angle. This formulation along with the dislodgement and transportation of a single sediment particle is further incorporated in the proposed model for determining the time variation of scour around the submerged cylinders. It is evident from the results that the upstream cylinder shelters the downstream cylinder and thereby reduces the scour at the downstream cylinder. Proposed model is further extended to incorporate the effect of non-uniformity of the sediment particles on the time variation of scour depth. The results indicate significant reduction of scour depth of around 6% and 35% for upstream and downstream cylinders respectively due to the formation of the armor layer. The model is also compared with the local scour component of field data around cylindrical bridge piers to establish the differences in the scour process around a partially submerged cylinder and fully submerged tandem and skewed cylinders.     

新型桩基导流屏改善船闸下游口门区通航条件效果分析

五强溪枢纽船闸下游引航道口门区碍航问题一直是制约沅水高等级航道畅通的瓶颈。采用定床水流物理模型试验手段,分析河段现状通航水流条件及碍航特性。在桩基透空式隔流堤改善方案的基础上,提出了改善口门区通航条件的桩基导流屏方案,即通过阻挡和疏导水流相结合的方式来削弱口门区的斜向水流。方案实施前后试验成果对比表明,桩基导流屏对改善口门区斜流碍航具有较好的效果。     

Characteristic flow patterns generated by macrozoobenthic structures

A laboratory flume channel, equipped with an acoustic Doppler flow sensor and a bottom scanning laser, was used for detailed, non-intrusive flow measurements (at 2 cm s^− 1 and 10 cm s^− 1) around solitary biogenic structures, combined with high-resolution mapping of the structure shape and position. The structures were replicates of typical macrozoobenthic species commonly found in the Mecklenburg Bight and with a presumed influence on both, the near-bed current regime and sediment transport dynamics: a worm tube, a snail shell, a mussel, a sand mound, a pit, and a cross-stream track furrow. The flow was considerably altered locally by the different protruding structures (worm tube, snail, mussel and mound). They reduced the horizontal approach velocity by 72% to 79% in the wake zone at about 1–2 cm height, and the flow was deflected around the structures with vertical and lateral velocities of up to 10% and 20% of the free-stream velocity respectively in a region adjacent to the structures. The resulting flow separation (at flow Reynolds number of about 4000 and 20,000 respectively) divided an outer deflection region from an inner region with characteristic vortices and the wake region. All protruding structures showed this general pattern, but also produced individual characteristics. Conversely, the depressions (track and pit) only had a weak influence on the local boundary layer flow, combined with a considerable flow reduction within their cavities (between 29% and 53% of the free-stream velocity). A longitudinal vortex formed, below which a stagnant space was found. The average height affected by the structure-related mass flow rate deficit for the two velocities was 1.6 cm and 1.3 cm respectively (80% of height and 64%) for the protruding structures and 0.6 cm and 0.9 cm (90% and 127% of depth) for the depressions. Marine benthic soft-bottom macrozoobenthos species are expected to benefit from the flow modifications they induce, particularly in terms of food particle capture due to altered particle pathways and residence times, but also for the exchange of gases, solutes and spawn. The present results confirm previous studies on flow interaction effects of various biogenic structures, and they add a deeper level of detail for a better understanding of the fine-scale effects.     

水流夹角对群桩局部冲刷影响试验研究

水流夹角对大型、超大型群桩的局部冲刷影响研究至今仍为空白。通过宽水槽试验,对梅花形大型桩群进行了水流夹角对局部冲刷影响的研究,得出不同水流夹角情况下的冲刷形态和由此产生的桩群夹角增深系数。为工程设计及规范中涉及局部冲刷条文的修订提供参考。     

Experimental ivnestigation on flow fields of viscous fluid around two-dimensional wings and comparison with computational results

To examine the flow field of a viscous fluid around the trailing edge of a wing with respect to the Kutta condition or the Joukowski hypothesis, an experimental investigation into the velocity fields around two-dimensional (2D) wings NACA0012 and NACA4412 was carried out using an X-type hot-wire anemometer in a wind tunnel and the method of colored milk injection in a circulating water channel. The results of these investigations revealed that the flow of a viscous fluid at the trailing edge of a 2D wing is tangential to the face on the pressure side, and that the flow is very slow or reversed on the suction side due to separation when the angle of attack is greater than 7.5°. By flow visualization, a Kármán vortex street was found in the wake of both wings (NACA0012 and NACA4412) when the angle of attack was 5°. These results show that the ordinary Kutta condition with respect to the direction of outflow at the trailing edge is not necessarily satisfied in a viscous fluid, but the Kutta condition with respect to the pressure at the trailing edge is satisfied as usual. Numerical results, which have been obtained as the solution of Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations, show good agreement with above-mentioned experimental results. Therefore, CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) simulation has proved to be very effective for studying steady viscous flow around the trailing edge of a 2D wing.     

灌河口海域泥沙悬浮和沉降试验研究

掌握灌河口海域泥沙运动规律是开展灌河口航道整治研究的基础。以现场所取泥沙为研究对象,通过大型波浪水槽试验研究灌河口海域泥沙在不同的水深、不同的波周期和波高条件下的悬浮规律。通过静水沉降试验研究灌河口海域泥沙在不同初始浓度、不同水深下的沉降特性。结果表明,在极限波高情况下,水体上部区域含沙量较小,且沿垂线分布变化较小,但水体底部附近含沙量较大,总体上底部含沙量比上部水体含沙量大0.25~0.96 kg m^3;不同水深以及不同初始含沙量情况下,泥沙沉降速度0.08~0.20 cm s,与单颗粒泥沙沉速在同一量级,灌河口海域泥沙絮凝作用较弱。     

圆柱桩群局部冲刷特性试验

通过在宽长水槽中进行的单向恒定均匀流作用下,不同桩群、不同流速或不同水深情况下的圆柱桩群局部动床冲刷对比试验研究,分析试验后水槽地形变化的资料发现：圆柱桩群局部冲刷非常复杂,圆柱桩群的存在极大地改变了原有的水沙运动状态,加剧了桩群所在底床泥沙的冲淤。圆柱桩群对其所在底床冲淤影响特性不能只用桩群阻力简单解释,而与圆柱排列形式关系最为密切、影响也最大,水流流速及水深的影响实际通过圆柱桩群对流场改变的性质及程度来反映。