基于压条拘束的薄板接头焊接失稳控制

将焊接试验与数值模拟相结合，对采用压条拘束控制的2种典型焊接接头失稳变形机理进行了研究。基于热-弹-塑性有限元方法，分别再现5mm厚对接接头和T型接头在常规自由态和压条拘束下的焊接过程，将2种接头计算得到的面外变形与焊接试验后测量的面外变形进行对比，从而验证所采用的有限元计算方法的准确性。分别计算对接接头与T型接头在不同压条拘束距离下的面外变形，并分析拘束距离对2种接头焊接失稳变形的控制效果；比较不同拘束距离下接头的焊接温度场及固有变形，阐明压条拘束控制2种焊接接头失稳变形的机理。结果表明：施加压条拘束使对接接头的纵向固有收缩和横向固有弯曲均减小，从而控制其焊接失稳变形；T型接头施加压条拘束后，几乎不影响纵向固有收缩，但使得横向固有弯曲显著减小，从而达到控制焊接失稳变形的效果。     

基于Weld-sta软件的船体结构焊接变形预测

预测船体复杂结构的焊接变形对制造工艺设计和精度控制具有重要的工程价值.基于固有应变理论,利用船体结构焊接变形预测专用软件Weld-sta对多用途船双层底结构焊接变形进行了预测,发现船长方向收缩最大变形量为13.2mm,船宽方向最大变形量14.5 mm.通过数值模拟结果与实验实测值的对比,可以得到软件计算的精度超过80%,验证了固有应变理论及软件用于焊接变形预测的可靠性,并在此基础上针对船体总段船台合拢的焊接变形进行了预测,发现焊接总收缩变形量为50.339 mm,与实际加工经验基本吻合.根据此结论可以针对各船体总段预留合理的焊接变形收缩量,验证了固有应变为基础的弹性板单元有限元预测法在船体总段合拢焊接中应用的可行性.     

基于固有变形的船用钢薄板对接焊失稳变形的数值分析

在船用钢薄板的焊接过程中,不但会产生常见的焊接变形,也有可能产生焊接失稳变形。本文以焊缝的固有变形为依据,阐明船用钢薄板对接焊失稳变形产生的内在机理；同时,以固有变形为输入参数,通过弹性有限元分析的数值模拟,预测出可能产生的失稳变形模态和变形值；最终,通过四种不同的工艺方法(激光焊、瞬态热拉伸、随焊激冷和间断焊等),来减小固有变形的数值,并控制薄板对接焊接头可能产生的失稳变形。     

基于固有应变的船体总段船台合拢焊接变形预测研究

预测船体总段船台合拢的焊接变形,对于船体制造工艺设计和精度造船具有重要的意义。文章在掌握固有应变概念的基础上,利用上海交通大学和日本大阪大学共同开发的基于固有应变的Weld-sta软件,对大型集装箱船的船体总段船台合拢焊接变形进行了预测。预测结果表明船台合拢总收缩变形量为50.339 mm,模拟计算结果与实际建造结果吻合,验证了固有应变为基础的弹性板单元有限元预测法在船体总段合拢焊接中应用的可行性,从而为船体总段合拢时补偿量或收缩量的确定提供数据支持和理论指导。     

20000TEU集装箱船水密横舱壁结构精度建造的预控

水密横舱壁作为20000TEU集装箱船的关键结构,对尺寸精度的要求十分严苛,而焊接变形严重影响其建造精度。针对这一问题,采用基于固有变形理论的弹性有限元分析,来预测水密横舱壁结构的面外焊接变形。比较了计算固有变形的两种方法的准确度,并且总结了热输入与固有变形各分量的经验公式,还提出了减小面外焊接变形的措施。结果表明,通过与实测数据对比验证了弹性有限元分析可快速、准确地预测水密横舱壁结构的面外焊接变形;对于对接接头,变形反演法比应变积分法得到的横向固有弯曲更准确;热输入与固有变形各分量呈线性递增关系;将整个水密横舱壁结构由原来的3段分成5段,并采用对称焊接顺序,面外焊接变形最小,同时会降低对船厂吊装能力的要求。     

20000TEU集装箱船水密横舱壁结构精度建造的预控

水密横舱壁作为20000TEU集装箱船的关键结构,对尺寸精度的要求十分严苛,尤其是焊接变形严重影响其建造精度。针对这一问题,采用基于固有变形理论的弹性有限元分析,来预测水密横舱壁结构的面外焊接变形。同时,比较了计算固有变形的两种方法的准确度,并且总结了热输入与固有变形各分量的经验公式,还提出了减小面外焊接变形的措施。结果表明,通过与实测数据对比验证了弹性有限元分析可快速、准确地预测水密横舱壁结构的面外焊接变形;对于对接接头,变形反演法比应变积分法得到的横向固有弯曲更准确;热输入与固有变形各分量呈线性递增关系;将整个水密横舱壁结构由原来的3段分成5段,并采用对称焊接顺序,面外焊接变形最小,同时会降低对船厂吊装能力的要求。     

预测焊接变形几种方法的比较

通过一个典型的T形梁纵向收缩引起的弯曲变形，比较解析法，三维热弹塑性有限元法，三维实体单元固有应变法，以及板单元固有应变法等四种方法的预测结果，并与实测数据进行比较，分析其优缺点和适用条件。     

固有变形计算方法及其在船舶焊接结构变形中的应用

采用基于固有应变法的弹性有限元分析预测大型复杂结构的焊接变形的前提是必须已知焊缝附近的固有变形。结构的焊接残余应力与焊接变形取决于其接头的固有变形大小及分布,因此开发精确计算接头固有变形的方法,并依此建立一个完善的固有变形数据库对于大型复杂结构焊接变形的预测有重要意义。文中提出了几种计算固有变形的方法包括公式法、热弹塑性有限元法、实测法,并分别采用这几种方法对典型T型接头的横向固有收缩与纵向固有收缩进行计算,三种方法得到的结果比较一致。在此基础上,进一步以典型船体结构为研究对象,采用依照这三种方法建立的固有变形数据库对其焊接变形进行预测,并与实测数据进行比较,验证了该数据库的有效性。     

典型焊接接头固有应变的影响因素研究

基于热弹塑性有限元法采用多线性各向同性强化原则对船级钢T型接头的焊接过程进行了数值模拟,重点研究分析热输入量、焊接速度及焊脚长对固有变形的影响.从T型接头的固有应变数值分析与实验结果对比可以得到:当热输入量一致,数值计算的温度场和角变形与试验结果基本一致;角变形随着焊接速度和焊脚长增大,先增大后减小;横向收缩与纵向收缩率则有着不同的比例关系。     

某船用薄板焊接变形快速预报方法

提出一种快速预报焊接变形的方法,基于热弹塑性有限元法与固有应变法对薄板焊接过程进行数值仿真分析,得到"热-固结合式"的快速计算方法,并以船用薄板为研究对象验证了该方法预报焊接变形的合理性与准确性,为船厂现场焊接作业提供了技术指导.     

Numerical prediction and mitigation of out-of-plane welding distortion in ship panel structure by elastic FE analysis

As an application to predict and mitigate the out-of-plane welding distortion by elastic FE analysis based on the inherent deformation theory, a panel structure of a pure car carrier ship is considered. The inherent deformations of different types of welded joints included in this ship panel structure are evaluated beforehand using thermal elastic plastic FE analysis. Applying idealized boundary condition to focus on the local deformation, elastic FE analysis shows that the considered ship panel structure will buckle near the edge and only bending distortion is dominant in the internal region. In order to mitigate out-of-plane welding distortion such as buckling and bending, straightening using line heating is employed. In the internal region, only inherent bending with the same magnitude as welding induced inherent bending is applied on the opposite side of welded joints (fast moving torch). On the other hand, only in-plane inherent strain produced by line heating is introduced to the edge region to correct buckling distortion (slow moving torch). The magnitude of out-of-plane welding distortion in this ship panel structure can be minimized to an accepted level.     

基于固有应变理论的船体焊接变形仿真研究

大型船舶构件尺寸大、焊缝分布广,传统的有限元焊接仿真方法难以满足其大尺寸结构计算的要求。基于热弹塑性有限元法对T型局部接头进行焊接变形计算,获取焊缝处平均固有应变值,然后将其作为初始载荷施加在全尺寸壳单元分段模型上进行弹性计算,最终得到大型分段的整体焊接变形。仿真结果表明,结合小模型的热弹塑性法和大结构固有应变法,能准确高效的预测大型结构的焊接变形。     

水火弯板变形的描述方法

在分析了角变形、线变形描述法和位移场描述法的基础上，提出了水火弯板变形的整体描述法。实验及有限元计算表明，水火弯板的变形非常复杂，一般所用的角变形线变形描述过于简单，不能精确描述水火弯板的变形场。用位移场描述水火弯板的变形又因计算结果的复杂性而难以实现。如果从整体变形角度考虑，水火弯板的变形可以用变形后的上下表面形状、平面内的扭曲变形、沿板宽变化的横向收缩及沿板长变化的纵向收缩全面描述，并可进一步由计算结果得出合适的曲面方程及收缩变形函数。     

An efficient FE computation for predicting welding induced buckling in production of ship panel structure

In a Thermal-Elastic-Plastic (TEP) FE analysis to investigate welding induced buckling of large thin plate welded structure such as ship panel, it will be extremely difficult to converge computation and obtain the results when the material and geometrical non-linear behaviors are both considered. In this study, an efficient FE computation which is an elastic FE analysis based on inherent deformation method, is proposed to predict welding induced buckling with employing large deformation theory, and an application in ship panel production is carried out. The proposed FE computation is implemented with two steps:(1) The typical weld joint (fillet weld) existing in considered ship panel structure is conducted with sequential welding using actual welding condition, and welding angular distortion after completely cooling down is measured. A TEP FE analysis with solid elements model is carried out to predict the welding angular distortion, which is validated by comparing with experimental results. Then, inherent deformations in this examined fillet welded joint are evaluated as a loading for the subsequent elastic FE analysis. Also, the simultaneous welding to assemble this fillet welded joint is numerically considered and its inherent deformations are evaluated.(2) To predict the welding induced buckling in the production of ship panel structure, a shell element model of considered ship panel is then employed for elastic FE analysis, in which inherent deformation evaluated beforehand is applied and large deformation is considered. The computed results obviously show welding induced buckling in the considered ship panel structure after welding. With its instability and difficulty for straightening, welding induced buckling prefers to be avoided whenever it is possible.     

惯性释放法在大型复杂结构焊接变形预测中的应用

在进行大型结构焊接变形有限元分析时,为了固定整体结构刚体位移必须施加不少于6个自由度的约束,但对于自由状态下的结构而言,如何施加这6个最少约束是非常的困难,长期以来是困扰研究人员的难题,也是焊接结构有限元分析在工业现场应用的一个瓶颈。所谓惯性释放法就是可以在不加约束的情况下模拟自由结构的变形。该文将在航海航空领域得到广泛应用的惯性释放法引入大型焊接结构变形分析,解决了自由状态下结构必须施加约束的问题。首先以典型的对接接头为例,比较了两种不同的约束方法之间的差别。然后通过一个典型的船体焊接变形预测的实例,验证了惯性释放法在大型结构中应用的可行性,为焊接结构变形分析在工业生产中广泛应用提供了一个有效的方法。     

角焊缝角变形产生机制的研究

以T形焊接接头为算例,用有限元数值计算方法研究了六个固有应变分量各自对角焊缝角变形的作用效应,发现导致角变形产生的主要因素是与焊缝平行的平面内垂直于焊缝方向的固有剪切应变分量;将该固有剪切应变分量以均匀和非均匀两种分布形式施加在焊缝区,发现只有非均匀分布的固有剪切应变使焊接接头产生角变形.由此可知:角焊缝角变形产生的主要原因是在焊缝及其附近区域不均匀分布的固有剪切应变分量,而不是板厚方向上非均匀分布的横向固有正应变分量.此结论指出了关于焊接角变形产生机制的传统思维的认识误区,对研究预测角焊缝角变形简化方法具有指导意义.     

Prediction and mitigation of out-of-plane welding distortion of a typical block in fabrication of a semi-submersible lifting and disassembly platform

Out-of-plane welding distortions of block structures during fabrication of offshore structure will significantly influence its dimensional accuracy and production schedule. Taking a B514 block of a semi-submersible lifting and disassembly platform as research object, typical welded joints and their welding conditions were summarized based on actual welding procedure specification (WPS). Effective thermal elastic plastic (TEP) finite element (FE) analysis with parallel computation technology was carried out to examine thermal-mechanical response. Welding inherent deformations, which are considered as the elementary cause of welding distortion, were then evaluated. With welding inherent deformations as mechanical loading, elastic finite element (FE) analysis was then employed to predict dimensional accuracy of examined B514 block, which has a good agreement with measurement data. In order to ensure the fabrication accuracy with less out-of-plane welding distortion, inverse deformation approach was applied to reduce the out-of-plane welding distortion, and influence of welding sequence on out-of-plane welding distortion was also examined. Both mitigation practices have obvious effect on dimensional accuracy of examined B514 block, while corresponding mechanical mechanisms were also clarified.