超大型集装箱船艏艉砰击强度直接计算方法

超大型集装箱船的船艏显著外飘、船艉宽平外悬,使其在恶劣海况下航行时容易发生严重的砰击。为确保船体艏艉部结构在砰击中不发生损坏,需要研究作用到艏艉外板上的砰击压力,并以此为设计载荷来校核外板和相连结构的强度。目前对集装箱船砰击局部强度的校核要求仍以经验公式为主,但是为提高对超大尺度船舶强度校核的可靠性,近年来推出了砰击的直接分析方法。本文初步分析了砰击直接分析方法的基本原理,并运用该方法对20,000 TEU集装箱船的艏、艉部砰击压力以及最小板厚要求进行了研讨,其结果可为超大型集装箱船的结构设计提供重要的参考。     

宽幅平底船型砰击载荷研究

针对宽幅平底船型在风浪中航行,其船艏底部易遭受砰击从而引发船体高频振动的现象,对某型宽幅平底船型进行了研究.通过对目标船艇开展理论计算、船模试验、实船测量等多项工作.研究了非常规船型的砰击载荷.运用理论研究和试验相结合的方法,开展了复杂船型的砰击载荷研究,提出了理论预报的估算公式.通过大量计算和相关试验,得出了船型、航速和海况是影响宽幅平底船型砰击载荷的三大主要因素的结论.     

砰击载荷作用下双体船强度计算方法研究

舰船的砰击载荷与结构响应的研究一直备受关注.对于双体船来说,砰击按部位可分为底部砰击、外飘砰击和甲板上浪,和连接相邻船体的甲板下侧,即湿甲板砰击.目前对于双体船的砰击计算还不完善,因此对于该船型的砰击研究十分必要.本文分别利用规范计算和直接计算的方式,对砰击载荷作用下双体船强度影响进行研究.规范计算主要基于中国船级社规范计算砰击载荷,直接计算则是通过线性势流理论预报船波相对速度,借助相关规范确定砰击压力系数,实现砰击载荷的直接计算.通过有限元软件加载计算,分析比较2种载荷计算方法对双体船强度的影响,以指导砰击载荷作用下双体船局部结构的设计实践.     

基于CFD技术的砰击载荷强度直接计算

研究基于CFD技术的船舶砰击载荷预报及强度的直接计算,以通过对船波相对运动的短期预报得到入水速度极值,由积分变换得到入水速度的时历曲线,以CFD软件实现船体典型剖面入水砰击载荷的计算,得到船体剖面压力的空间分布,结果表明,船体剖面的压力随着位置高度的增加呈减小趋势,最后通过对某集装箱船进行有限元强度评估,验证了本文砰击强度直接计算方法的合理性和实用性。     

客滚船首尾部砰击计算研究

客滚船的特殊线型——艏部外飘幅度较大和艉部的扁平肥大型结构,在营运过程中易受到砰击载荷的作用。由于该类船舶砰击问题显著,故一直是业内研究的热点。以某客滚船为例,针对其艏艉结构进行砰击计算,采用计算量适中,且可实现砰击载荷预报的频域法,将砰击载荷映射到相应各部分的有限元计算模型上,经计算分析,得到艏艉结构在砰击压力下的应力结果,最终实现对客滚船砰击强度的安全评估。整个计算探讨过程,可供同类船舶的设计研究人员借鉴。     

超大型 VLCC 波激振动和砰击振动模型试验研究

船舶的波激振动和砰击振动对船舶结构的安全性有较大影响。文章以一艘超大型 VLCC 为研究对象,通过变截面梁分段模型试验方法对船舶在规则波和不规则波中波激振动和砰击振动响应进行了比较分析,介绍了船模波浪载荷试验中模型的设计原则,通过静水试验得到了船体梁垂向振动频率特性、振动阻尼和静水兴波弯矩等参数,通过规则波和不规则波试验分析了波高、波浪周期和装载状态等因素对波激振动和砰击振动的影响。该文的研究结果对大型船舶的结构设计具有一定的指导意义。     

水下爆炸气泡作用下船体总纵强度估算方法

水下爆炸中的气泡脉动载荷会造成舰船的鞭状运动,对其总纵强度产生很大威胁,是战争中造成船体总体毁伤与丧失生命力的主要原因之一。基于势流理论,推导并建立船体梁气泡弯矩的理论与计算方法,同时综合考虑气泡弯矩、船体静水弯矩、波浪弯矩及砰击弯矩等其他影响因素,建立一套完整的气泡作用下船体梁总纵强度估算方法。通过算例,校核典型工况下多种弯矩同时作用时船体梁的总纵强度。计算结果表明,气泡脉动载荷产生的总纵弯矩具有周期性鞭振特性,且数值大于其他弯矩。在评估舰船总纵强度与生命力时,应充分考虑气泡脉动载荷的影响。     

参数横摇下大型集装箱船外飘砰击的近似计算方法（英文）

Since the research of flare slamming prediction is seldom when parametric rolling happens, we present an efficient approximation method for flare slamming analysis of large container ships in parametric rolling conditions. We adopt a 6-DOF weakly nonlinear time domain model to predict the ship motions of parametric rolling conditions. Unlike previous flare slamming analysis, our proposed method takes roll motion into account to calculate the impact angle and relative vertical velocity between ship sections on the bow flare and wave surface. We use the Wagner model to analyze the slamming impact forces and the slamming occurrence probability. Through numerical simulations, we investigate the maximum flare slamming pressures of a container ship for different speeds and wave conditions. To further clarify the mechanism of flare slamming phenomena in parametric rolling conditions, we also conduct real-time simulations to determine the relationship between slamming pressure and 3-DOF motions, namely roll, pitch, and heave.     

不同海况下艏部砰击及鞭状效应的试验与数值分析

为了更深入地研究船舶的鞭状效应,在拖曳水池中对某船进行了艏部砰击及鞭状效应分段模型试验研究。提出了一种可以考虑砰击力的非线性水弹性计算方法。并改进了传统的分段模型,采用变截面梁对船体刚度进行模拟以更好地接近实船。在规则波迎浪下观察到了严重的艏部砰击现象。试验数据表明,当波高从5.6m增大到21m时,由于鞭状效应原因,总弯矩相比低频波浪弯矩的增大值从24.64%增长到92.02%。最后,将不同海况下的测量结果与基于线性与非线性水弹性理论的计算结果进行了比较分析,初步验证了文中方法和程序在预报船体波浪载荷中的适用性。     

Prediction analysis on propulsion shafting load based on grey system theory北大核心CSCD

[Objective]The propulsion shafting system is an important part of a ship, and the bearing load directly affects its operating state and service life. In this paper, bearing load under hull deformation is studied using grey system theory. [Method] First, according to the empirical formula of the relative displacement of each bearing caused by the deformation of the hull of a 57 000 DWT oil tanker, the relative displacement of each bearing is calculated and input into a finite element model, and the load value of each bearing is output. On this basis, grey relationship analysis of grey system theory is introduced to study the influence degree of stern bearing displacement on the load of each bearing, and the relative change of the load of each bearing caused by the displacement of the stern bearings is analyzed. A GM (1,1) prediction model is then established for the bearing load considering the bearing displacement conditions, and the hull deformation-fitting and prediction of each bearing load are made. [Results]The results show that grey relationship analysis can effectively reflect the influence of hull deformation on bearing load. The GM (1,1) prediction model has high accuracy and prediction errors less than 6.0%, and the model test indexes can represent the accuracy of the prediction. [Conclusion]Grey system theory is effective and practical in research on propulsion shaft load. It can accurately predict bearing load under bearing displacement, giving it certain reference value for research on bearing load under actual sailing conditions. © The Author(s) 2022.     

Numerical and experimental analysis of bow flare slamming on a Ro–Ro vessel in regular oblique waves

A method for the prediction of slamming loads on ship hulls is presented and validated for a 20-knot, 120-m car carrier. A nonlinear strip theory is used to calculate the relative motions of ship and wave. The relative vertical and roll velocities for a slamming event are given as input to the slamming calculation program, which is based on a generalized two-dimensional Wagner formulation and solved by the boundary element method. The method is fast and robust. Model tests of a car carrier have been carried out in regular head, bow, and bow quartering waves of various heights. Slamming on two panels in the upper part of the bow flare has been studied. It has been found that the water pile-up around the bow due to the forward speed of the vessel significantly increases the slamming pressures. A simplified way of including this effect is presented. When the calculated slamming pressures are corrected for 3D effects, they compare well with the measured data. Since the effect of the wave elevation due to the forward speed and the effect of three-dimensional flow act in opposite directions, excluding both of them produced results that also agreed quite well with the experiments, especially for the most severe slamming events.     

渤海湾13000t级大型客滚船首部砰击安全性探讨

在对渤海湾13000t级大型客滚船的船型设计特征进行分析的基础上,运用船模砰击压力测试结果,得出砰击发生在首部舷侧区域的结论。最后采用实船统计衡准评估和砰击强度分析评估2种方法对首部砰击的安全性进行了探讨。     

Equivalent design pressure for ship plates subjected to moving slamming impact loads

When a ship navigates at sea, the slamming impact can generate significant load pulses which move up along the hull plating. The effect of the moving pressure has so far not been explicitly considered in the Rules and Regulations for the Classification of Ships. Based on a modal superposition method and the Lagrange equation, this paper derives analytical solutions to study the elastic dynamic responses of fully clamped rectangular plates under moving pressure impact loads. The spatial variation of the moving slamming impact pressure is simplified to three types of impact loads, i.e. a rectangular pulse, a linearly decaying pulse and an exponentially decaying pulse. The dynamic responses of fully clamped rectangular plates under the moving slamming impact pressure are calculated in order to investigate the influence of the load pulse shapes and moving speed on the plate structural behaviour. It is found that the structural response of the plate increases with the increase of the moving speed. The response of the plate subjected to a moving pressure impact load is smaller than the case when the plate is subjected to a spatially uniform distributed impact load with the same load amplitude and load duration. In order to quantify the effect of the moving speed on the dynamic load, a Dynamic Moving Load Coefficient (DMLC) is introduced as the ratio between the dynamic load factor for the moving impact load and that under the spatially uniform distributed impact load. An expression for DMLC is proposed based on analyses of various scenarios using the developed analytical model. Finally an empirical formula which transforms the moving impact loads to an equivalent static load is proposed.     

Hydroelastic analysis of a rectangular plate subjected to slamming loads

A hydroelastic analysis of a rectangular plate subjected to slamming loads is presented. An analytical model based on Wagner theory is used for calculations of transient slamming load on the ship plate. A thin isotropic plate theory is considered for determining the vibration of a rectangular plate excited by an external slamming force. The forced vibration of the plate is calculated by the modal expansion method. Analytical results of the transient response of a rectangular plate induced by slamming loads are compared with numerical calculations from finite element method. The theoretical slamming pressure based on Wagner model is applied on the finite element model of a plate. Good agreement is obtained between the analytical and numerical results for the structural deflection of a rectangular plate due to slamming pressure. The effects of plate dimension and wave profile on the structural vibration are discussed as well. The results show that a low impact velocity and a small wetted radial length of wave yield negligible effects of hydroelasticity.     

船舶砰击强度计算方法研究

船舶在航行时发生砰击是一种高度非线性的物理现象。本文基于势流理论Rankine源法,研究用时域非线性方法计算船舶运动响应,获得船波垂向相对运动速度;并选取合适的砰击压力系数,计算船舶砰击载荷。最后用该方法评估了一艘集装箱船艏部砰击强度,验证了该方法的合理性。     

一种考虑砰击载荷的双体船湿甲板疲劳强度的计算方法

提出一种实用的计算和分析方法来考虑砰击载荷对双体船湿甲板处结构疲劳强度的影响,保证疲劳寿命预报的精度。首先,根据线性理论计算船体与波浪之间的相对运动和相对速度,并计算船体结构在波浪载荷作用下的应力响应;然后,计算湿甲板在砰击载荷作用下的非线性响应,再将线性响应与非线性响应通过方向性进行叠加,得到波浪载荷与砰击载荷联合作用的应力响应时历;最后,通过雨流计数法计算双体船在危险工况下的湿甲板疲劳损伤。研究结果可为考虑砰击载荷的双体船湿甲板疲劳强度评估提供一些参考。     

Efficient calculation of slamming pressures on ships in irregular seas

An efficient method for calculation of the slamming pressures on ship hulls in irregular waves is presented and validated for a 290-m cruise ship. Nonlinear strip theory was used to calculate the ship–wave relative motions. The relative vertical and roll velocities for a slamming event were input to the slamming calculation program, which used a two-dimensional boundary element method (BEM) based on the generalized 2D Wagner formulation presented by Zhao et al. To improve the calculation efficiency, the method was divided into two separate steps. In the first step, the velocity potentials were calculated for unit relative velocities between the section and the water. In the next step, these precalculated velocity potentials were used together with the real relative velocities experienced in a seaway to calculate the slamming pressure and total slamming force on the section. This saved considerable computer time for slamming calculations in irregular waves, without significant loss of accuracy. The calculated slamming pressures on the bow flare of the cruise ship agreed quite well with the measured values, at least for time windows in which the calculated and experimental ship motions agreed well. A simplified method for calculation of the instantaneous peak pressure on each ship section in irregular waves is also presented. The method was used to identify slamming events to be analyzed with the more refined 2D BEM method, but comparisons with measured values indicate that the method may also be used for a quick quantitative assessment of the maximum slamming pressures.     

下水式升船机船厢底缘形式研究*

通过比尺为1:20的船厢出入水过程概化物理模型,对下水式升船机船厢主体底缘形式进行系统研究,探讨不同底缘形式的船厢对出入水过程船厢池水面波动、吸附力、拍击力及附加水动力荷载的影响。研究表明：船厢底缘角度的增大可有效降低船厢出水吸附力与入水拍击力,同时考虑到船厢底缘角度的增大会引起船厢质量的增加,提出船厢底缘较优角度为4°。     

船体梁静水载荷效应统计预报

船体梁静水剪力、弯矩等是由装载状态决定的载荷效应。营运船舶装载记录表明，实际装载状态具有不确定性，由此导致载荷效应发生变异，其统计特性可利用回归公式或随机模拟原理进行估算或预报。通过对油船、散货船、滚装船及集装箱船约2000种随机工况所作的统计分析，表明其静水弯矩等随装载偏差的变化近似于正态分布律，并具有比船体中剖面模数或钢材屈服极限更为显著的变异性。在船舶结构可靠性分析或理性设计中，合理估算并预报这种及异性是必要的。     

浸没在水中的海洋运载器数值模拟研究（英文）

This article presents a numerical study of the forces induced by hydrodynamic impact, that is, the impact of a part of the bottom of the hull on the water surface. The prediction of these efforts is often based on numerical simulations to determine the shock intensity of a structure on the surface of a weakly compressible fluid(for example, water). The short duration of the impact is also investigated in this work. This phenomenon occurs especially when a ship encounters a harsh and difficult sea conditions. Under such conditions, it is important to know how to predict the hydrodynamic forces applied to the structure to correctly optimize the ship elements during its design stage or to prevent possible damage. Indeed, various factors such as speed of the ship and height of the swell can cause the hull to partially emerge and then fall violently onto the water surface, which is referred to by naval personnel as tossing or slamming causing vibrations, stresses, and fatigue to the structural elements of the ship. In this work, we present an example of phenomenon modeling and then a numerical study of the different geometries(dihedron) that play a role in different sections of the bow. Then, we compare our present results with the theoretical and experimental results of other researchers in the field. The average interval impact time for a dihedral model corresponding to the section of the chosen ship and other experimental and theoretical data is in good agreement with the experimental and theoretical measurements.