水下航行体空间操纵性预报研究

通过建立水下航行体空间的操纵运动数学模型,运用Visual C++设计开发水下航行体操纵运动预报系统,对水下航行体水平面、垂直面及空间典型操纵运动进行数值预报,数值模拟结果合理,能够较为全面地预报水下航行体的空间操纵运动。     

内波作用下水下航行体水动力载荷及运动特性研究

中国南海区域海洋内波出现频率较多。海洋内波携带着巨大能量,对于水下航行体的安全航行具有非常大的威胁。为了研究内波对水下航行体的水动力性能影响,该文基于RANS方法和KdV理论建立了分层流中的内孤立波与水下航行体相互作用的数值模拟方法。在对约束模型数值模拟分析的基础上,采用DFBI方法结合重叠网格技术,开展了内孤立波作用下水下航行体自由运动的数值模拟。分析表明,内孤立波与航行体相遇,会使得其周围流场变得异常复杂,从而引起突变的流体动力和运动,对此时的航行安全性应给予极大重视。     

新型油船操纵运动数值模拟

新船艇在制造之前要进行操纵性预报,而数值模拟现成为预报中一种较可靠方法。为了研究一艘新型万吨油船的操纵性,采用分离性数学模型(MMG),结合船艇粘性水动力性能特点,构建船艇操纵运动模拟模型,运用4阶龙格-库塔(Runge-Kutta)数值方法求解该微分方程。基于该综合集成方法,对该新油船在满载条件下的定常回转试验、Z形试验等自航模操纵运动进行数值模拟,并将数值模拟结果同该船的自航模试验进行比较,模拟结果与试验数值较吻合。研究表明,利用文中的数值模拟法可以有效实现该新油船操纵运动模拟和操纵性预报。     

水下航行体近海底运动操纵性研究

针对水下航行体近海底航行时的特点，首先建立了水下航行体的操纵运动数学模型，分别从水平面和垂直面两方面来考虑近海底对操纵运动水动力的影响，进而数值模拟和分析了水下航行体在近海底运动时的操纵性能变化规律，计算结果表明近海底航行使得其机动性减弱而运动稳定性增强。     

带前置定子的导管桨片空泡数值预报及梢涡空泡起始判别研究

对水下航行体后带前置定子的导管桨片空泡和梢涡空泡起始进行研究。首先,采用基于混合网格的RANS求解器结合Singal空泡模型,数值模拟带前置定子导管桨片空泡形态,并与试验结果进行对比,预报的片空泡形态与试验结果吻合良好,表明用该方法预报水下航行体后带前置定子导管桨片空泡可行;其次,对水下航行体后带前置定子的导管桨多个方案全湿流动进行了数值模拟,通过梢部端面的最小压力值判断空泡起始,与试验结果进行比对,其吻合良好,表明可用该方法判别梢涡空泡起始。     

潜艇PMM实验的CFD仿真技术研究

操纵性是现代潜艇最重要的总体性能之一.为预报潜艇的操纵性能,需求得所有的水动力导数.借助CFD技术和动网格技术数值模拟小振幅平面运动机构试验,求解了SUBOFF主艇体的水动力导数,并与混合分布法计算的附加质量项作了比较,二者符合良好,从而验证了方法的有效性.流场的求解基于RANS方程和RNG k-ε湍流模型,动网格的处理采用Hrvoje Jasak和Zeljko Tukovic的方法,压力和速度的耦合采用PIMPLE方法解耦.流场的控制方程采用有限体积法离散且分离式求解,网格运动的控制方程采用有限元方法离散,网格的分裂采用体和面同时分裂法.     

考虑粘性影响的单体复合船型的运动预报

给出一种考虑粘件影响的单体复合船型运动预报的数值方法.基于RANS方程和VOF方法的非定常粘性数值方法计算了带叶半潜体的单体复合船型首部横剖面作微幅振荡时的水动力系数.计算中采用RNG κ-ε湍流模型,用有限体积法对流体域进行离散,网格划分采用分块结构化网格,并结合动网格技术.采用RANS方法计算了复合船型组合附体的升力系数.采用计算所得的水动力修正系数,应用STF切片法和二维半理论预报某一单体复合船型在规则波中的纵向运动响应,结果反应出的复合船型的减摇效果与试验值符合较好.计算结果表明组合附体的粘性效应不可忽略,文中提供的方法可提高这类单体复合船型的运动预报精度.     

三维回转运动条件下水下潜器系统导管螺旋桨推力特性研究

采用多重重叠网格技术模拟一对称立式水下潜器在三维回转运动过程中水下潜器系统及其系统中导管螺旋桨的水动力特性,提出一种水下潜器三维回转运动数值计算模型,通过指定叠加运动来控制螺旋桨的旋转来对水下潜器的三维回转运动方式进行操纵.计算结果表明:提出的水下潜器三维回转运动数值计算模型可以预报水下潜器三维回转运动的动力状态;水下...     

潜艇直航操舵水动力尺度效应研究

尺度效应是船舶水动力学研究的一个关键问题。目前,对船舶尺度效应的研究大多集中在阻力性能方面。本文针对水下航行体操纵性能评估的需要,对水下航行体操舵水动力性能的尺度效应进行探讨。以典型潜艇模型SUBOFF为研究对象,采用计算流体动力学方法对不同尺度下的直航操舵试验进行数值模拟,分析网格尺度对不同尺度计算结果的影响。在此基础上,探讨不同尺度下的潜艇绕流场特性,以及作用在潜艇上的水动力及力矩变化规律,对于研究水下航行体操纵性能的尺度效应问题具有一定的借鉴意义。     

水下航行体回转水动力数值计算研究

准确预报水动力对水下航行体的安全操纵设计而言至关重要。基于商用软件FLUENT数值求解RANS方程,采用定常旋转坐标系,运用相对运动理论及运动叠加原理,并对控制方程中向心力源项空间离散误差进行修正,预报水下航行体做单平面回转运动的受力及力矩。在Re=11.7×106条件下,力和力矩预报精度的偏差在12%以内,表明所采用的数值预报方法有效、可行,具有较好的工程实用价值。     

Finite-volume simulation of flows about a ship in maneuvering motion

A finite-volume method of computing the viscous flow field about a ship in maneuvering motion was developed. The time-dependent Navier-Stokes equation discretized in the generalized boundary-fitted curvilinear coordinate system is solved numerically. A third-order upwind differencing scheme, a marker and cell (MAC)-type explicit time marching solution algorithm and a simplified subgrid scale (SGS) turbulence model are adopted. The simulation method is formulated, including the movement of a computational grid fitted to the body boundary that allows computation of the flow field around a body under unsteady motion. To estimate the maneuvering ability of a ship, the accurate prediction of the hydrodynamic forces and moments of the hull is important. Therefore, experimental methods of finding the hydrodynamic forces of a ship in maneuvering motion, such as the oblique towing test, the circular motion test (CMT) and planar motion mechanism (PMM) test, were established. Numerical simulation methods for those captive model experiments were developed introducing computational fluid dynamics (CFD). First, numerical methods for steady oblique tow and steady turn simulation were developed and then extended to unsteady forced motion. Simulations were conducted about several realistic hulls, and the results were verified by comparisons with measured results obtained in model experiments. Hydrodynamic forces and the moment, the longitudinal distribution of the hydrodynamic lateral force, and the pressure distribution on the hull surface showed good agreement.     

CFD理论黏性流场中三维振动水翼的非定常水动力性能(英文)

The motion of the fins and control surfaces of underwater vehicles in a fluid is an interesting and challenging research subject. Typically the effect of fin oscillations on the fluid flow around such a body is highly unsteady, generating vortices and requiring detailed analysis of fluid-structure interactions. An understanding of the complexities of such flows is of interest to engineers developing vehicles capable of high dynamic performance in their propulsion and maneuvering. In the present study, a CFD based RANS simulation of a 3-D fin body moving in a viscous fluid was developed. It investigated hydrodynamic performance by evaluating the hydrodynamic coefficients (lift, drag and moment) at two different oscillating frequencies. A parametric analysis of the factors that affect the hydrodynamic performance of the fin body was done, along with a comparison of results from experiments. The results of the simulation were found in close agreement with experimental results and this validated the simulation as an effective tool for evaluation of the unsteady hydrodynamic coefficients of 3-D fins. This work can be further be used for analysis of the stability and maneuverability of fin actuated underwater vehicles.     

用naoe-FOAM-SJTU求解器数值模拟船舶在波浪上的操纵运动问题（英文）

Ship maneuvering in waves includes the performance of ship resistance, seakeeping, propulsion, and maneuverability. It is a complex hydrodynamic problem with the interaction of many factors. With the purpose of directly predicting the behavior of ship maneuvering in waves, a CFD solver named naoe-FOAM-SJTU is developed by the Computational Marine Hydrodynamics Lab(CMHL) in Shanghai Jiao Tong University. The solver is based on open source platform OpenFOAM and has introduced dynamic overset grid technology to handle complex ship hull-propeller-rudder motion system. Maneuvering control module based on feedback control mechanism is also developed to accurately simulate corresponding motion behavior of free running ship maneuver. Inlet boundary wavemaker and relaxation zone technique is used to generate desired waves. Based on the developed modules, unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes(RANS) computations are carried out for several validation cases of free running ship maneuver in waves including zigzag, turning circle, and course keeping maneuvers. The simulation results are compared with available benchmark data. Ship motions, trajectories, and other maneuvering parameters are consistent with available experimental data, which indicate that the present solver can be suitable and reliable in predicting the performance of ship maneuvering in waves. Flow visualizations, such as free surface elevation, wake flow, vortical structures, are presented to explain the hydrodynamic performance of ship maneuvering in waves. Large flow separation can be observed around propellers and rudders. It is concluded that RANS approach is not accurate enough for predicting ship maneuvering in waves with large flow separations and detached eddy simulation(DES) or large eddy simulation(LES) computations are required to improve the prediction accuracy.     

船舶操纵水动力导数的数值求解及敏感度分析

[目的]为了兼顾船舶操纵运动预报的成本与精度,基于数值计算方法,结合水动力导数敏感度分析,提出一种船舶操纵运动预报方法.[方法]首先,求解RANS方程,应用流体体积(VOF)法捕捉自由液面,采用动态网格方法对DTMB 5415船型进行约束运动的数值计算,并将回归得到的线性水动力导数与试验值进行对比,验证数值方案的有效性...     

Finite-volume simulation method to predict the performance of a sailing boat

 A flow-simulation method was developed to predict the performance of a sailing boat in unsteady motion on a free surface. The method is based on the time-marching, finite-volume method and the moving grid technique, including consideration of the free surface and the deformation of the under-water shape of the boat due to its arbitrary motion. The equation of motion with six degrees of freedom is solved by the use of the fluid-dynamic forces and moments obtained from the flow simulation. The sailing conditions of the boat are virtually realized by combining the simulations of water-flow and the motion of the boat. The availability is demonstrated by calculations of the steady advancing, rolling, and maneuvering motions of International America's Cup Class (IACC) sailing boats. Received: December 25, 2001 / Accepted: March 26, 2002     

舰艇在海浪作用下的扰动仿真分析

实际海洋环境中舰艇受到多种因素的作用,对舰艇的操纵控制、船舶运动等方面产生了影响.本文基于非规则长峰波的数值仿真,提出舰艇在波浪影响下干扰力的计算方法.从频谱分析角度出发分析舰艇干扰力的主要影响因素,为仿真舰艇在海洋环境下运动提供思路.     

规则波浪中舰船操纵与横摇耦合运动模拟及特性分析

采用六自由度舰船操纵性方程与横摇波浪力矩耦合构成动力学模型,对舰船在规则波浪中的操纵与横摇耦合运动特性进行了模拟研究.其中操纵性方程采用MMG模型,波浪力矩由切片法计算,舰船航向按PD控制.模拟计算了某船正横规则波浪下保持航向的横摇运动,计算结果与单自由度理论结果进行了比较,其幅频曲线与相频曲线两者符合较好,间接证明了耦合构成动力学模型的有效性.在此基础上计算了不同浪向角和航速下的横摇运动,以横摇等值极坐标曲线表征舰船规则波浪中的横摇特性,从而给出了规则波浪下舰船耦合动力学所描述的运动特征.     

应用支持向量机的船舶操纵运动响应模型辨识

建模是评估船舶操纵性和可控性的重要前提.基于自由自航船模试验的系统辨识方法是求取船舶操纵运动数学模型中的水动力系数的有效手段之一.文中提出了一种使用支持向量回归估计的船舶操纵运动响应模型辨识方法,该方法通过训练自由自航试验数据样本得到参数回归模型.辨识和仿真结果验证了文中所提出的方法的有效性.     

Numerical study on the hydrodynamic forces on a ship berthing to quay by taking free-surface effect into account

In the present study, numerical simulation of the berthing maneuver of a ship in the prescribed translational motion is performed. The transient viscous flow and hydrodynamic forces on the hull are calculated by solving the unsteady Reynolds-Averaged Navier–Stokes equations in overset grid system, and the free surface is captured using volume-of-fluid (VOF) approach. The present numerical results have been compared with previous computational results by Toda and available experimental data respectively. Since the effects of the quaywall and free surface are taken into consideration in the present study, it is found that the agreement is significantly better than that resulting from Toda’s 3D CFD based approach. Then the effects of various standoff distances between the ship and quaywall on the lateral forces are investigated. Meanwhile, the detailed transient flow features around the berthing ship are obtained, which are helpful to understand the interactional effects between the ship and quaywall. The present results may provide helpful guidance for vessels’ safe maneuvering in berthing motion and the design of fender system in the quay.     

船舶操纵运动仿真中船舶碰岸检测研究

建立船舶操纵运动数学模型,计算确定相邻的岸线线段和船舶轮廓线线段之间的凹凸关系,提出船舶操纵运动仿真中船舶碰岸检测算法,并对检测到的碰岸情况进行时间步长调整。编制了计算程序,对于船舶轮廓线端点位于岸线内侧和岸线端点位于船舶内部两种船舶碰岸情况进行了碰岸检测仿真试验,试验结果良好,很好地避免了在船舶操纵运动仿真中出现船舶冲上码头或者岸滩的现象。