操纵运动船舶的水动力计算研究

以船舶操纵水动力预报为研究背景,通过对商用计算流体力学软件FLUENT的二次开发,采用其动网格技术以及后处理系统,对大型船舶操纵水动力导数进行了数值计算.船体按照斜航、不同舵角、纯横荡和纯首摇等状态做运动,得出随船坐标系下作用于其上的水动力及力矩.通过进行基于最小二乘法的曲线拟合,最终求得船舶操纵水动力导数.计算结果与势流理论计算结果一致,表明了所提出的计算方法适用于复杂船舶运动的水动力导数计算.     

月池对船舶水动力导数影响研究

为了对带月池船舶的操纵水动力进行预报,运用CFD技术和重叠网格技术,以深拖母船为研究对象,数值模拟船舶的斜航运动、纯横荡运动和纯首摇运动。将测得的力和力矩进行处理,分别计算出了月池打开和封闭时的水动力导数。通过对比数值计算结果与势流理论计算结果,验证了该方法的合理性和有效性。通过比较月池封闭和打开时的水动力导数,发现大部分水动力导数都因为月池的存在而有所增加,这为预报带月池船舶的操纵性提供参考。     

基于CFD的内河船深浅水中操纵性预报

由于岸壁效应和浅水效应,内河船舶在限制水域作操纵运动时通常受到比在开阔水域中更大的水动力.这些水动力对船舶操纵性具有不利影响,有可能导致船舶碰撞或触底等海上事故.因此,为了在船舶设计阶段预报其操纵性能,考虑浅水效应和岸壁效应以准确计算内河船舶操纵运动水动力非常重要.本文基于CFD方法,通过对粘性绕流进行数值模拟,对长江中营运的三艘内河船舶的操纵运动水动力进行计算.首先,为了验证数值方法的可靠性,对标模KVLCC2纯横荡和纯首摇试验的水动力进行计算,并将计算结果与现有的试验数据进行对比.然后,对三艘内河船舶在不同水深下的静舵试验、纯横荡和纯首摇试验进行数值模拟,计算得到水动力及相应的线性水动力导数.最后,基于计算得到的水动力导数,获得Nomoto模型中的操纵性参数,对比分析三艘内河船舶在深浅水中的操纵性能.结果表明,本文方法可以揭示不同水深下三艘内河船舶的操纵性变化趋势.该方法可为船舶设计阶段内河船舶深浅水中的操纵性预报提供一种实用的工具.     

粘性流场中船舶操纵水动力导数计算与验证

以软件Fluent作为仿真软件,应用其能够计算流体力学的特点,对操纵船舶的水动力进行预报。其方法为使用软件的动网格及后处理功能,计算出粘性流场中船舶在不同的状态以及在做不同运动时的水动力导数。首先根据船舶的运动状态计算出作用于船舶上的水动力力矩,然后对力矩进行曲线拟合,从而得到粘性流场中船舶操纵水动力导数。仿真计算结果表明,在不同运动状态下船舶的操纵水动力与次频率没有明显关联,所以该粘性流场中船舶操纵水动力导数计算方法完全可行。     

CFD数值模拟船舶在波浪中的回转操纵运动

[目的]船舶回转操纵运动能够反映出船舶的回转特性,与船舶的航行安全密切相关。[方法]为此,采用基于重叠网格技术的CFD求解器naoe-FOAM-SJTU,对标准船模ONRT在波浪中自由回转操纵运动进行直接数值模拟。运用动态重叠网格技术求解船、桨、舵系统复杂运动,计算中,螺旋桨转速对应于静水中的船模自航点进行35°转舵,实现自由回转船舶操纵运动。通过全粘性流场的整体求解,给出波浪中自由回转操纵运动中船舶六自由度运动、螺旋桨和舵的水动力载荷变化,以及波浪中船舶的回转圈特征参数,并与同试验结果进行对比。通过数值计算得到精细的流场信息,分析波浪对船舶自由回转操纵运动的影响。[结果]数值预报得到的船舶运动轨迹、回转圈参数与试验值吻合较好,证明naoe-FOAM-SJTU求解器对于波浪中船—桨—舵相互作用下的船舶自由回转操纵运动数值预报的适用性和可靠性。[结论]船舶回转操纵运动的数值模拟,可为回转性能的评估提供有效的前期评估手段。     

呆木对供应船线性水动力导数影响的研究

以供应船为研究对象,采用CFD商用软件FLUENT,结合动网格技术对平面运动机构(PMM)试验进行了数值模拟,得到不同呆木面积所对应的船舶水动力,进而获得相应的线性水动力导数,并分析了数值计算结果的合理性,得出水动力导数随呆木面积变化的趋势图。该结论可以为供应船舶操纵性能预报以及呆木设计的研究提供一定的参考。     

受损海事舰船操纵运动粘性水动力的数值模拟

利用传统方法对受损海事舰船操纵运动粘性水动力进行数值模拟计算,存在水动力导数计算误差大,准确性低的问题。针对上述问题,提出一种基于CFD的受损舰船操纵运动粘性水动力数值模拟计算方法。该方法主要分为6步骤:1)建立水动力数值模拟方程;2)确定方程计算域以及边界条件;3)划分受损船舶的计算网格;4)采用有限体积法离散方程;5)利用SIMPLE算法求取方程解;6)借助Fluent软件来对求得的解进行收敛,降低计算误差。结果表明:与传水动力统数值模拟计算方法相比,利用本方法对受损海事舰船进行10次操纵运动粘性水动力数值模拟计算,水动力导数计算误差减小0.02,平均误差降低5.4%。     

小水线面双体船操纵性数值预报方法研究

文章基于粘性流体理论,采用CFD技术,通过对双体船变漂角旋臂运动的模拟,得到代表小水线面双体船舶操纵性能的水动力导数。利用MMG模型,对小水线面双体船的操纵性能进行初步预报。根据变漂角旋臂运动的数值模拟,既可从中得到仅仅与漂角和角速度有关的水动力导数,也可获得包括高阶导数和耦合导数在内的操纵性运动水动力导数。文章在保留三阶水动力导数的情况下,将代入高阶耦合水动力导数的操纵运动方程所绘制的回转圈与不代入高阶耦合水动力导数的回转圈进行对比,体现了高阶耦合水动力导数对于小水线面双体船操纵性预报的重要性,并以某双体船型为例,对其操纵性能进行预报。     

基于损失函数法的船舶操纵水动力导数灵敏度分析

船舶操纵水动力导数的灵敏度分析是简化和重建船舶操纵运动数学模型的主要手段。本文使用平方损失函数方法对船舶操纵水动力导数进行灵敏度分析,并基于灵敏度分析结果对Mariner船的操纵运动数学模型进行简化。通过基于简化模型和原始数学模型的操纵运动仿真对比,验证了基于损失函数法的船舶操纵水动力导数灵敏度分析方法的有效性。     

基于体积力法的船舶回转运动水动力数值研究

船舶的回转性能是船舶操纵性能的一个重要方面,准确预报船舶回转运动时的水动力对于船舶的安全操纵设计具有重大意义。对照试验数据,应用计算流体动力学(CFD)方法,基于商用软件FLUENT数值求解RANS方程,采用定常旋转坐标系,运用一种便捷的描述型体积力模型代替实体螺旋桨的作用,预报船舶做单平面定常回转运动时的受力和力矩。计算结果与理论值吻合较好,研究表明应用本文所采取的体积力法数值研究船舶定常回转运动是高效、可行的。     

船舶在波浪中操纵运动仿真

本文研究了双浆双舵船在规则波中的回转运动，首先进行了约束模型试验，得到了操纵运动数学模型中的水动力系数，然后，进行了静水操纵运动数值仿真，并与自航模型试验结果进行了比较。最后，预报船舶在规则波中的回转运动，对一些影响回转运动的因素进行了讨论。     

Time domain simulations of the wave-induced motions of ships in maneuvering condition

The wave-induced motions of ships in maneuvering condition are numerically studied based on potential theory. The total disturbance potential is decomposed into a basic part and a perturbation part. The basic flow is evaluated based on the double-body model with a trailing vortex sheet. The perturbation flow is solved by using a time domain Rankine panel method to determine the hydrodynamic forces, and the wave-induced ship motions are then evaluated by an Adam–Moulton scheme. The solving process of the wave-induced motion is integrated with the maneuvering prediction by using a two–time scale model. Numerical tests are firstly carried out for a Series 60 ship, and the numerical results are compared with the experimental data to validate the numerical method for the basic flow. Then the wave-induced motions of the S-175 container ship in straight course and in turning condition are simulated; the numerical results are compared with the ITTC data and the experimental data, which show fairly good agreements.     

Modeling of ship maneuvering motion using neural networks

In this paper, Neural Networks (NNs) are used in the modeling of ship maneuvering motion. A nonlinear response model and a linear hydrodynamic model of ship maneuvering motion are also investigated. The maneuverability indices and linear non-dimensional hydrodynamic derivatives in the models are identified by using two-layer feed forward NNs. The stability of parametric estimation is confirmed. Then, the ship maneuvering motion is predicted based on the obtained models. A comparison between the predicted results and the model test results demonstrates the validity of the proposed modeling method.     

基于神经网络的船舶操纵运动建模研究（英文）

In this paper, Neural Networks(NNs) are used in the modeling of ship maneuvering motion. A nonlinear response model and a linear hydrodynamic model of ship maneuvering motion are also investigated. The maneuverability indices and linear non-dimensional hydrodynamic derivatives in the models are identified by using two-layer feed forward NNs. The stability of parametric estimation is confirmed. Then, the ship maneuvering motion is predicted based on the obtained models. A comparison between the predicted results and the model test results demonstrates the validity of the proposed modeling method.     

用naoe-FOAM-SJTU求解器数值模拟船舶在波浪上的操纵运动问题（英文）

Ship maneuvering in waves includes the performance of ship resistance, seakeeping, propulsion, and maneuverability. It is a complex hydrodynamic problem with the interaction of many factors. With the purpose of directly predicting the behavior of ship maneuvering in waves, a CFD solver named naoe-FOAM-SJTU is developed by the Computational Marine Hydrodynamics Lab(CMHL) in Shanghai Jiao Tong University. The solver is based on open source platform OpenFOAM and has introduced dynamic overset grid technology to handle complex ship hull-propeller-rudder motion system. Maneuvering control module based on feedback control mechanism is also developed to accurately simulate corresponding motion behavior of free running ship maneuver. Inlet boundary wavemaker and relaxation zone technique is used to generate desired waves. Based on the developed modules, unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes(RANS) computations are carried out for several validation cases of free running ship maneuver in waves including zigzag, turning circle, and course keeping maneuvers. The simulation results are compared with available benchmark data. Ship motions, trajectories, and other maneuvering parameters are consistent with available experimental data, which indicate that the present solver can be suitable and reliable in predicting the performance of ship maneuvering in waves. Flow visualizations, such as free surface elevation, wake flow, vortical structures, are presented to explain the hydrodynamic performance of ship maneuvering in waves. Large flow separation can be observed around propellers and rudders. It is concluded that RANS approach is not accurate enough for predicting ship maneuvering in waves with large flow separations and detached eddy simulation(DES) or large eddy simulation(LES) computations are required to improve the prediction accuracy.     

URANS simulations of static and dynamic maneuvering for surface combatant: part 1. Verification and validation for forces, moment, and hydrodynamic derivatives

Part 1 of this two-part paper presents the verification and validation results of forces and moment coefficients, hydrodynamic derivatives, and reconstructions of forces and moment coefficients from resultant hydrodynamic derivatives for a surface combatant Model 5415 bare hull under static and dynamic planar motion mechanism simulations. Unsteady Reynolds averaged Navier–Stokes (URANS) computations are carried out by a general purpose URANS/detached eddy simulation research code CFDShip-Iowa Ver. 4. The objective of this research is to investigate the capability of the code in regards to the computational fluid dynamics based maneuvering prediction method. In the current study, the ship is subjected to static drift, steady turn, pure sway, pure yaw, and combined yaw and drift motions at Froude number 0.28. The results are analyzed in view of: (1) the verification for iterative, grid, and time-step convergence along with assessment of overall numerical uncertainty; and (2) validations for forces and moment coefficients, hydrodynamic derivatives, and reconstruction of forces and moment coefficients from resultant hydrodynamic derivatives together with the available experimental data. Part 2 provides the validation for flow features with the experimental data as well as investigations for flow physics, e.g., flow separation, three dimensional vortical structure, and reconstructed local flows.     

全回转拖轮操纵运动建模与仿真

为提高拖轮操纵模拟器的行为真实感,运用操纵性理论和分离型建模思想,建立全回转拖轮适用于四象限全工况操纵运动的数学模型.通过处理导管桨JD75系列和四象限螺旋桨Nordstrom系列试验图谱后,提出了导管桨四象限推力模型,同时提出了一种适用于全速域的拖轮船体水动力模型.搭建拖轮运动模拟平台,开展一系列操纵性仿真试验,包括速度试航试验、螺线试验、Z形试验、回转试验及停船试验.将仿真数据与Force Techno-logy公司提供的试验数据进行比较分析,一致性良好,表明该模型精度可满足航海上仿真的需要.     

三体船操纵特性计算机数值仿真

以三体船水动力型和K、T响应型（线性和弱非线性）操纵性运动方程为理论基础，以三体船重心运动轨迹微分方程组为数值仿真基础，采用仿真计算工具Matlab软件，对三体船回转运动轨迹、操纵性曲线以及Z型操纵试验曲线等操纵运动特性诸元进行了仿真计算。通过和单体船的对比分析，所得出的计算结果比较合理，计算结果显示三体船较单体船定常回转特性有所下降，而直线稳定性有所加强，跟从性和转首性有所提高。