水下爆炸作用下加筋板结构响应的数值仿真研究

运用有限元程序MSC.Dytran数值模拟水下爆炸作用下舰船上典型的加筋板结构的响应,采用一般耦合算法模拟了流体与结构的耦合效应,在计算中考虑了材料的应变率强化效应,并将数值仿真结果与试验结果进行比较,两者吻合较好。在此基础上分析了板架的变形模式,加强筋在板架变形过程中的作用,以及板架最大塑性应变出现的位置。     

采用U型夹层板的船舶上层建筑设计及抗爆性能分析

由于结构抗爆性能的要求越来越高,传统的加筋板结构不能使船舶结构性能得到明显的提高,因此以典型船舶上层建筑为分析对象,针对上层建筑前端壁结构开展轻量化设计,利用U型夹层板代替普通加筋板,同时开展有限元数值仿真分析,讨论U型夹层板的抗爆性能。结果表明,爆炸载荷作用下,由U型夹层板构成的上层建筑前端壁结构在延伸区域的变形相对较小,主要变形位置由板架中部转移到板架顶部,吸能情况也得到改善。U型夹层板结构提高了舱室内部人员与设备的安全性,表现出优良的抗爆性能,将其应用于船舶上层建筑,对降低船舶重心、提高结构性能具有重要意义。     

加筋板抗撞击性能的比较研究

研究加筋板的抗撞击性能对于深入理解船舶碰撞的力学机理和开展耐撞性船舶结构设计都具有重要的指导意义。本文用数值仿真法研究了普通的船舶加筋板结构的抗撞击性能，并与三种改进型加筋板作了比较。研究表明，三种改进型加筋板的抗撞击性能均比原结构有所提高，这可为新式船舶结构形式研究提供一定的依据。     

水介质中船体板架模型与冰体碰撞试验研究

本文初步引入了对船冰碰撞过程中水介质存在作用的思考,来验证船-水-冰耦合碰撞数值仿真方法的合理性和可行性以及深入研究水介质中船体与冰体碰撞的结构响应问题。文中以某实船舷侧板架为研究对象,以缩尺比1:10加工模型,在水池中测得不同速度冰体撞击板架过程中板架结构各部位的应变值以及板架变形量;建立与模型试验相同的板架与冰体模型,进行数值仿真,将试验和仿真计算获得变形及应力峰值作对比,从而总结出不同撞击速度对船-水-冰耦合碰撞结果的影响规律。     

水下爆炸数值模拟联合算法求解结构稳态响应

在研究水下爆炸作用下加筋板架的稳态响应方面,以往的研究主要利用瞬态显式算法,得到的稳态响应结果存在一定的精度缺陷。提出一种改进的水下爆炸数值模拟方法。该方法利用ABAQUS/Explicit Standard算法,针对瞬态显式与稳态隐式静力分析,建立联合数值模拟方法。利用该方法分析某船体加筋板架的“瞬态稳态”响应。结果表明:联合“瞬态显式稳态隐式”算法的仿真结果与试验结果相差在10%以内,说明该方法可用于水下爆炸作用下加筋板架结构的响应分析,且采用联合“显式隐式”算法得到的结果更接近试验值,误差降低了39.8%。     

近场水下爆炸冲击波对板架结构毁伤特性研究

加筋板架广泛应用于船体结构,其优良性能可以为舰船结构的防护及优化设计提供技术支持。本文针对近场水下爆炸冲击荷载作用下加筋结构的动力学响应,基于ALE方法采用LS-DYNA软件对三种加筋形式结构进行了数值模拟,分析了板架的变形响应。结果表明:加强筋的设置方式对板架的变形有一定的影响,当三种类型加筋结构的总质量相同时,井字形加强筋的效果较好;对于矩形截面加强筋,结构动力学性能受高宽比影响较明显,在舰船结构设计中应根据实际情况合理选择。此外,还针对不同爆距作用下加筋板的毁伤特性进行了研究,得到了两种不同的毁伤模式。     

U型折叠式夹层板防护性能数值仿真分析

开展夹层板单元防护性能研究可为舰船防护结构设计提供指导。以某船底加筋板架为应用对象,设计出U型折叠式夹层板结构;利用MSC.Dytran对船底板架及夹层板结构在水下爆炸冲击载荷下的动态响应进行数值仿真分析,通过分析流-固耦合压力、损伤变形、速度、加速度、结构塑性吸能等性能参数,对比研究两结构的防护性能;分析夹层板在不同冲击强度下的损伤特性,面板厚度、夹芯板厚、夹芯与面板夹角、夹芯单元宽度、夹芯高度等结构参数对夹层板损伤变形、结构吸能等特性的影响。通过研究得到了U型夹层板在水下爆炸冲击载荷下的损伤特性、变形模式等,U型夹层板的防护性能明显优于传统加筋板架,夹芯层在夹层板抵抗水下冲击载荷中起到关键作用,结构参数对防护性能产生不同程度的影响。     

加筋板穿透数值仿真中网格尺寸对失效应变的影响分析研究

运用数值仿真分析碰撞过程时,基于最大等效塑性应变失效准则确定的材料失效应变取值与网格尺寸具有明显的依赖关系,因此,研究碰撞载荷下加筋板网格尺寸对失效应变取值的影响对于评估加筋板架的耐撞性及开展耐撞性结构设计具有重要意义。文中基于LS-DYNA非线性有限元分析软件对光板及加筋板穿透过程分别进行仿真分析,以国外学者相应准静态穿透试验的结果为参照,探讨了加筋板与光板的有限元网格尺寸和失效应变之间的关系,同时对是否有必要考虑骨材与板壳之间的焊缝进行了探究。研究表明:加筋板与光板的失效应变取值存在明显的差异,确定加筋板材料失效应变取值时,应优先参考适用于加筋板网格尺寸与失效应变取值的关系曲线;在决定是否考虑加筋板结构中的焊缝时需要结合网格尺寸与焊缝等效单元的相对大小进行判断。     

船舶碰撞仿真分析中的单元尺寸与失效应变关系研究

随着船舶向大型化发展势头迅猛,船舶碰撞所带来的灾难性后果也显著增大。为评估船舶结构的耐撞能力,国内外研究人员分别从试验和数值模拟2个方面开展研究工作。针对船舶碰撞场景的仿真模拟中,经常采用常应变失效准则来定义单元是否失效。然而失效应变取值强烈依赖于单元尺寸大小,因此,开展失效应变与单元网格尺寸关系研究对船舶结构的耐撞性能准确评估意义重大。本文通过对光板及加筋板的耐撞性能的试验研究,并应用非线性有限元软件LS-DYNA对试验结果进行仿真模拟,探讨了光板及加筋板的单元尺寸和失效应变之间的关系。结果表明:光板和加筋板的单元尺寸与失效应变关系曲线明显不同,因此采用常应变失效准则时应区别对待,不能混用。研究结论对船舶结构碰撞有限元仿真具有一定的指导意义。     

聚脲涂层舷侧板架抗撞性能试验研究

针对船舶舷侧结构抗碰撞问题,开展有无聚脲涂层舷侧板架落锤试验研究。以某型舰船结构为依据建立舷侧板架有限元模型,利用瞬态动力学软件MSC/Dytran对模型进行数值仿真并确定落锤高度及试验工况。在此基础上,制作模型板架进行有无聚脲涂层舷侧板架落锤冲击试验,分别获得有涂层和无涂层舷侧板架在碰撞冲击载荷作用下的损伤变形、破口大小及碰撞力,对比研究聚脲材料的抗撞防护性能。结果表明,聚脲涂层的存在能够加强舷侧板架的耐撞防护性能。     

Evaluation of ultimate strength of stiffened panels under longitudinal thrust

A series of collapse analyses is performed applying nonlinear FEM on stiffened panels subjected to longitudinal thrust. MSC.Marc is used. Numbers, types and sizes of stiffeners are varied and so slenderness ratio as well as aspect ratio of local panels partitioned by stiffeners keeping the spacing between adjacent longitudinal stiffeners the same. Initial deflection of a thin-horse mode is imposed on local panels and that of flexural buckling and tripping modes on stiffeners to represent actual initial deflection in stiffened panels in ship structures. On the basis of the calculated results, buckling/plastic collapse behaviour of stiffened panels under longitudinal thrust is investigated. The calculated ultimate strength are compared with those obtained by applying several existing methods such as CSR for bulk carriers and PULS. Simple formulas for stiffened panels, of which collapse is dominated fundamentally by the collapse of local panels between longitudinal stiffeners, are also examined if they accurately estimate the ultimate strength. Through comparison of the estimated results with the FEM results, it has been concluded that PULS and modified FYH formulas fundamentally give good estimation of the ultimate strength of stiffened panels under longitudinal thrust.     

Experimental and analytical investigations on the response of stiffened plates subjected to lateral collisions

Rational structural design of ships or offshore platforms against collisions requires prediction of the extent of damage to stiffened plates generated by lateral impact. In predicting the extent of collision damage, most researchers employ numerical analysis methods using commercial software packages. Like other structural problems, any nonlinear dynamic analysis methods should be substantiated with relevant test data prior to being employed for design. Unfortunately, full-scale collision tests on marine structures are very rare. Still, results from collision tests on marine structural elements can help to substantiate theoretical methods for collision analyses. Lateral collision test data for unstiffened plates are available, but it is difficult to find results from tests on stiffened plates in the open literature. In this paper, the results of lateral collision tests on 33 stiffened plates are reported. A simplified analytical method is developed for the prediction of the extent of damage to stiffened plates due to lateral collisions and this method is substantiated with the test results. Also proposed is a simple criterion with which the occurrence of crack damage can be judged.     

Comparisons of calculations with experiments on the ultimate strength of wide stiffened panels

Five specimens of wide stiffened panel with four stiffeners under axial compression until collapse are studied with a nonlinear finite element analysis and Common Structural Rules to compare with the experimental results. The stiffened panel models have two longitudinal bays to produce reasonable boundary condition at the end of edges. Tension tests have been conducted to obtain the material properties of the steel that are used in the finite element analysis. Three boundary condition configurations are adopted to investigate their influence on the collapse behaviour of the stiffened panels. A displacement transducer was used to measure the initial geometrical imperfections of the stiffened plates. The collapse behaviour of the stiffened panels is analysed in finite element analysis with the measured initial imperfections and with nominal imperfections. An equivalent initial imperfection is validated for the ultimate strength of stiffened panel under compressive load until collapse for the panels under consideration. With the same imperfection amplitude, the shape of the column-type initial deflection of stiffeners affects significantly the collapse shape, but only slightly the ultimate strength and the mode of collapse of the stiffened panels. The 1/2 + 1 + 1/2 bays model with restrained boundary condition BC3 gives an adequate FE modelling and is possible to be fabricated in experiment.     

Experimental study on the collapse strength of wide stiffened panels

Five specimens are tested under axial compression until collapse to investigate the ultimate strength of wide stiffened panels with four stiffeners. To avoid the side bays collapse and reduce the influence of the clamped boundary condition on the collapse behaviour, the tests are made on panels with two half bays plus one full bay in the longitudinal direction with simply supported condition at the end edge of loading. Initial loading cycles are used to release the residual stresses of the stiffened panels and the gap between the stiffened panels and the supported steel block. Strain gauges are installed on the plates and the stiffeners to record the distribution of strain. This series of experiments is compared to a series of tests with narrow panels (two stiffeners), which allows analysing the effect of the width on the strength of stiffened panels.     

Influence of boundary conditions on the collapse behaviour of stiffened panels under combined loads

A series of finite element analyses are conducted to investigate the influence of boundary conditions and geometry of the model on the predicted collapse behaviour of stiffened panels. Periodic and symmetric boundary conditions in the longitudinal direction are used to calculate the ultimate strength of stiffened panels under combined biaxial thrust and lateral pressure. The calculated ultimate strength of stiffened panels are compared with those by different FEM (finite element method) code and are assessed. The periodic boundary condition in the longitudinal direction for two spans or bays model provides an appropriate modelling to a continuous stiffened panel and can consider both odd and even number of half waves and thus, is considered to introduce the smaller model uncertainty for the analysis of a continuous stiffened panel.     

爆炸载荷作用下单向加筋板的塑性动力响应分析

从加筋板面板以及加强筋的运动方程出发,分析了爆炸载荷作用下单根加筋固支方板的大挠度塑性动力响应。分析表明:加筋板的运动,取决于加强筋的相对刚度以及载荷峰值的大小,将呈现出3种不同的模式。研究仅限于讨论加筋板的总体变形模式,具体讨论了单向加筋固支方板在忽略弯矩影响下的薄膜解法。得到的理论结果与已有的试验结果在多数情况下符合良好,表明简化理论分析方法能对爆炸载荷下单向加筋固支方板的永久变形做出较为合理的预报。     

具有裂纹缺陷的加筋板的剩余拉伸强度分析

对具有裂纹缺陷的加筋板的剩余强度进行了数值分析.考虑了加筋板上的三种缺陷形式,即板和筋上的垂直裂纹,板和筋上的倾斜裂纹以及板上的裂纹和筋上的圆孔.对板和筋上的相对裂纹长度、材料属性、板和筋的厚度、裂纹开裂角度以及圆孔的直径等影响参数进行了分析.同时,将无加筋板剩余强度的经验公式推广到加筋板,并验证了公式的有效性.     

基于广义切线模量理论的铝合金加筋板结构轴压极限强度分析

研究铝合金加筋板结构的极限强度,有利于充分发挥铝合金材料的强度潜力和结构的后屈曲承载能力。本文将广义切线模量理论应用于铝合金加筋板结构的轴压极限强度计算,并推导了适用于加筋板的协调参数、极限弯矩系数及结构系数等相关参数的解析算式,建立了铝合金加筋板结构的强度利用率函数,从而得到结构的极限强度,进一步完善了广义切线模量理论在加筋板结构极限强度研究领域的应用。通过将广义切线模量法计算结果与经验公式、有限元计算结果进行比较,验证了其适用性与可靠性,可用于工程分析计算。     

加筋板格高级屈曲分析技术研究及软件开发

文章给出了基于弹性大挠度理论和刚塑性分析的加筋板格高级屈曲分析方法(EPM),该方法包括五种失效模式,即正交加筋板格整体屈曲、纵向加筋子板格整体屈曲、纵向加筋和带板的局部屈曲或屈服、纵向加筋的侧倾以及全部屈服,可以考虑初始挠度和残余应力的影响以及双向压缩和侧向载荷的联合作用。以EPM方法为核心开发了加筋板格高级屈曲分析软件系统,包括任务管理、数据输入、屈曲分析、结果查看、能力曲线和文件分析等六个模块。为验证EPM方法的精度进行了系列纵向加筋和正交加筋板格试验模型的比较计算,并计算了四种典型加筋板格的双向应力能力曲线,与板格极限状态分析（PULS）软件和协调共同结构规范（HCSR）方法进行了比较分析。结果表明EPM方法可以分析联合载荷等因素对加筋板格极限强度的影响,文中开发的软件系统可用于加筋板格高级屈曲分析。     

改进V型夹层板近场水下爆炸抗冲击性能研究

对水下爆炸结构的响应进行分析,设计相应的结构来降低载荷效应是提高舰船抗冲击性能的重要研究内容。基于耦合欧拉-拉格朗日(CEL)算法,考虑流-固耦合等因素的影响,建立完整的水下爆炸数值模型,运用显式动态分析对普通加筋板、常规V型夹层板、改进的V型夹层板进行近场水下爆炸作用下的动响应分析,从结构与流体的相互作用、结构产生的变形、吸能特性等角度综合分析。结果表明,改进后的V型夹层板抗冲击防护性能明显提高,可为舰船抗冲击结构设计提供一定的参考。