Nonlinear analysis of short concrete-filled double skin tube columns subjected to axial compressive forces

Proper material constitutive models for concrete-filled double skin tube (CFDST) columns with circular cross-section and subjected to axial compressive forces are proposed and verified against experiment data using the nonlinear finite element program Abaqus. It is shown that CFDST columns can provide a good confining effect for concrete core, especially when the diameter-to-thickness ratios of both the outer and the inner tubes are small. In addition, empirical equations are proposed to predict the lateral confining pressure of the concrete core for CFDST columns. Finally, the axial strengths of the CFDST columns calculated by the proposed formulations are compared with AISC formulations against the experimental data. It has been shown that the proposed formulations are better than the AISC formulations.     

Degradation of bond strength and deformation between TRC-confined seawater sand concrete and BFRP bars under chloride corrosion environment

The interfacial bonding performance between seawater sand concrete and basalt fiber reinforced polymer (BFRP) bars were tested under different textile reinforced concrete (TRC) confinement layers, confinement sequences and chloride salt dry-wet cycles. The results show that TRC confinement can change the failure mode of the specimen and improve the ductility of specimens. With the increase of corrosion age, compared with the specimens with the same restrained layers in the conventional environment, the ultimate bond strength of restrained specimens before corrosion gradually decreases, and the slip value when reaching the ultimate bond strength also slightly decreases. The bond strength of the pre-restrained corroded specimens has the same development trend. Based on the bond-slip model of deformed steel bars and concrete proposed by Eligehansen for the first time in 1983—BPE model, under the control of TRC confinement and corrosion age, the relationship between the TRC confinement layer and the ultimate bond strength and slip of seawater sand concrete and BFRP steel bar is established. By fitting and predicting the ultimate bond strength, corresponding slip value, and corrosion age control of different TRC confinement layers, it is found that the confinement effect will not be significantly improved when the confinement layers exceed 4 layers. Under long-term chloride corrosion, the failure mode of the specimen may still change into splitting failure when the number of restrained layers is small.     

圆钢管混凝土柱低周反复加载试验研究

为了研究钢管混凝土柱在低周反复荷载作用下组合材料横截面刚度对其性能的影响,以果园港二期工程上的钢管混凝土柱为原型,对3根钢管混凝土柱进行低周反复加载试验。通过控制试件钢管厚度进行物理模型试验,研究钢管厚度对钢管混凝土柱耗能性能、承载性能、强度退化、刚度退化、延性和变形能力的影响。试验结果表明:随着试件钢管厚度的增加,试件的能量耗散系数与等效黏滞阻尼系数均随之减小,试件的耗能能力随之变弱;钢管厚度越小,钢管混凝土柱试件的耗能性能越好。钢管越厚,对核心混凝土的约束作用就越强,强度退化就越弱,试件塑性变形能力就越好。钢管越厚,外包钢管对核心混凝土约束作用就越强,水平承载能力越高。     

Axial compressive behavior of stainless steel tube confined concrete column piers

The steel tube confined concrete (STCC) column piers of marine structures have been proposed in recent years. The main advantages of STCC piers include the convenient construction process and improved core concrete strength. This research presents an experimental investigation on stainless steel tube confined concrete (SSTCC) column piers subjected to axial loading. Thirty two specimens were prepared and tested. Test variables included section shape, steel tube thickness, and concrete strength. Failure modes, axial ultimate compressive strength, strain characteristics, rigidity, confinement effect, and ductility were comprehensively investigated. Test results demonstrated that the main failure modes for circular and square specimens were concrete shear failure and steel tube fracture caused by concrete deformation, respectively. The axial compressive ultimate strength was affected by the tube thickness and concrete strength. The ultimate strength increased with the increase in the confinement factor, and the increasing ratio of the circular specimens was five times to that of square specimens. The differences in axial ultimate compressive strength of SSTCC column piers, carbon steel tube confined concrete column piers, and concrete filled steel tube column piers were also analyzed. Increasing tube thickness could increase the ductility and rigidity of the specimens. Moreover, axial ultimate compressive strengths were calculated and discussed based on different calculation models.     

Behavior of circular concrete columns reinforced with hollow composite sections and GFRP bars

Hollow concrete columns (HCCs) constitute a structurally efficient construction system for marine and offshore structures, including bridge piers and piles. Conventionally, HCCs reinforced with steel bars are vulnerable to corrosion and can lose functionality as a result, especially in harsh environments. Moreover, HCCs are subjected to brittle failure behavior by concrete crushing due to the absence of the concrete core. Therefore, this study investigated the use of glass fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP) bars as a solution for corrosion and the use of hollow composite-reinforced sections (HCRSs) to confine the inner concrete wall in HCCs. Furthermore, this study conducted an in-depth assessment of the effect of the reinforcement configuration and reinforcement ratio on the axial performance of HCCs. Eight HCCs with the same lateral-reinforcement configuration were prepared and tested under monotonic loading until failure. The column design included a column without any longitudinal reinforcement, one reinforced longitudinally with an HCRS, one reinforced longitudinally with GFRP bars, three reinforced with HCRSs and different amounts of GFRP bars (4, 6, and 8 bars), and three reinforced with HCRSs and different diameters of GFRP bars (13, 16, 19 mm). The test results show that longitudinal reinforcement—whether GFRP bars or HCRSs—significantly enhanced the strength and displacement capacities of the HCCs. Increasing the amount of GFRP bars was more effective than increasing the bar diameter in increasing the confined strength and the displacement capacity. The axial-load capacity of the GFRP/HCRS-reinforced HCCs could be accurately estimated by calculating the load contribution of the longitudinal reinforcement, considering the axial strain at the concrete peak strength. A new confinement model considering the combined effect of the longitudinal and transverse reinforcement in the lateral confinement process was also developed.     

Numerical investigation of concrete-filled double skin steel tubular (CFDST) structure subjected to underwater explosion loading

With the increasing applications in the offshore industry such as oil and gas jackets, submarine pipelines and wind turbine foundations, concrete-filled double skin steel tubular (CFDST) structures are encountering the ever-increasing risk of threats to underwater explosions (UNDEX). This study presents a systematical investigation on the structural behaviors and design recommendations of the CFDST structures subjected to UNDEX loadings through finite element analysis (FEA) approaches. Finite element models have been developed, where the non-linear material properties of the constitutive steel and concrete parts and the composite actions in-between have been considered. The FEA models are verified against the experimentally determined shock wave pressure history, the deformation shapes, and the residual strength. The full-range analyses were firstly carried out on the structural responses of CFDST structures, including the typical damage patterns and residual strength of the specimen after UNDEX. Then, the parametric studies show that the cross-section hollow ratio, charge weight, and explosion distance play great roles in determining the residual strengths. Thereafter, damage indexes considering the parameter of the hollow ratio and the scaled explosion distance has been formulated, and design recommendations have been suggested accordingly.     

钢筋混凝土海洋平台结构受力分析

为完善新型型钢混凝土海洋平台的设计计算理论,本文针对梁内型钢腹板是否穿过节点区的不同情况,参考陆上新型钢筋混凝土建筑的新技术、结合海洋平台的特点,采用变角软化桁架模型,利用平衡条件、协调条件及混凝土软化应力-应变关系,并考虑"扭结"影响(强度弱化)的钢筋应力-应变关系,提出了压弯剪复合受力作用下的框架梁柱节点的受力全过程计算方法.利用该方法对国内外所作的53个框架节点试件进行了受力全过程分析,计算结果与试验结果吻合程度较好,为新型海洋石油平台的研究、设计与施工提供了有益的探索.     

I型金属夹层结构连接构件强度数值计算方法

激光焊接钢质夹层结构在国外已用于实船,其连接构件的强度特性是设计者关注的关键问题之一。应用有限元分析软件ANSYS,提出采用壳体连接技术和子模型法,对I型金属夹层结构的两种典型连接构件进行强度分析。通过与全部体单元模型计算结果进行对比,分析了多点约束、自由度耦合、约束方程和端面壳4种壳体连接方法和子模型法计算连接构件在面内、面外载荷作用下强度的计算精度。结果对比表明,在主模型网格划分合理的情况下,采用端面壳、壳—体多点约束的子模型法可取得较好的计算精度与操作简便性的平衡,同时,还可大大降低计算规模。     

钢护筒与钢筋混凝土协同受力机理数值分析与模型验证

以果园二期桩基为原型,对6个钢护筒与钢筋混凝土短柱结构和2个钢管混凝土短柱进行轴压试验。基于ABAQUS有限元软件,以钢护筒厚度、配筋率、配箍率为参数进行分析。结果表明,钢护筒与钢筋混凝土短柱结构中,钢护筒与箍筋对核心混凝土均有约束作用,且双重约束效应明显,有效抑制混凝土裂缝开展,使结构具有更高的承载力、塑性和韧性。箍筋对混凝土的约束作用对钢护筒与钢筋混凝土短柱的承载力、塑性及延性性能影响显著,随着箍筋间距的减小,构件的承载力及延性性能有明显提高。     

考虑土体密实度的钢-土界面剪切特性研究

土体密实程度对内河码头大尺寸钢护筒嵌岩桩的承载性状具有重要的影响。在一定含水率及颗粒级配条件下,控制试样土体干密度分别为1.80,1.85,1.90 g/cm3进行土体与钢板的往复剪切室内试验,探索了不同干密度条件下试样在不同法向应力条件下的剪应力-剪位移关系、极限剪切强度以及界面往复剪切的残余强度。研究发现钢-土界面的剪切过程主要有3个阶段:弹性阶段、塑性阶段和破坏阶段;极限剪切强度满足摩尔库伦准则且随干密度增大粘聚力和内摩擦角均增大,且呈线性增加;往复剪切过程中,研究剪应力的变化情况发现同方向不同循环过程中最大剪应力几乎保持不变,不同方向剪切循环过程中,负方向剪应力均比正方向稍大。     

FRP筋混凝土粘结滑移有限元分析

FRP筋与混凝土间的粘结性能是FRP筋与混凝土共同工作的基础,为充分利用FRP筋强度高的优点,避免粘结破坏,必须找出FRP筋与混凝土间的粘结滑移规律。文中基于连续曲线模型,采用特殊单元模拟FRP筋与混凝土间的粘结滑移,通过有限元分析,归纳出FRP筋与混凝土间的粘结滑移规律。     

水泥基迁移型钢筋阻锈涂料性能研究

通过强度、握裹力、干湿冷热循环、抗氯离子渗透、阳极极化试验等方法,研究了水泥基迁移型钢筋阻锈涂料各种性能。结果表明该涂料涂刷于钢筋表面可有效抑制钢筋腐蚀,并能提高握裹力,对混凝土性能无不利影响。     

往复荷载作用下的钢管混凝土柱耗能和塑性变形性能

以果园港二期工程桩基为原型,对钢管混凝土柱进行低周反复加载试验。基于ABAQUS有限元软件,以不同的核心混凝土配筋率、混凝土强度为参数进行分析。结果表明,钢管混凝土柱的钢管在柱底位置易发生屈曲变形甚至屈鼓;钢管混凝土结构中钢管的厚度增加,使钢管混凝土结构的塑性变形能力增强,具有承载能力高、延性良好等优点;配筋率的增加增强了钢管混凝土柱模型的塑性变形和耗能性能;而混凝土强度的增加对钢管混凝土柱塑性变形和耗能性能影响比较有限。     

碎石桩软土复合地基整体抗剪强度研究

振冲碎石桩作为散体材料桩与周围的软土形成的复合地基,同钢筋混凝土桩、钢管桩等刚性桩形成的复合地基在工作原理、承载力分析等方面存在着本质的不同。与刚性桩相比,碎石桩作为垂直排水通道,能够加快周围软土的排水固结,提高桩间土的整体强度。同时碎石桩自身的承载力发挥又取决于周围土体的侧向支撑作用。如何确定碎石桩复合地基的整体抗剪强度对于发挥碎石桩的作用至关重要。以港珠澳大桥香港口岸人工岛项目碎石桩的工程应用为例,对比碎石桩软土复合地基整体抗剪强度计算的异同,通过数值模拟和现场监测等手段对参数取值进行分析,对今后类似工况条件下碎石桩复合地基的抗剪强度计算具有指导意义。     

基于大型高围压界面环剪仪的钢管桩-砂土界面剪切试验研究

为研究不同钢管桩基础与砂土界面剪切特性,研制一种新型桩土界面环剪仪,并基于此设备开展不同围压下钢管桩与均质细砂、福建砂、美国戴维斯砂的界面剪切试验.试验设计压力为200~800 kPa,通过测试分析桩土界面环形剪切时的扭力特征,探究不同桩土界面条件下的剪切应力应变关系.研究结果表明:界面剪切应力随剪切位移增大而增大并趋向稳定,但是在大应变的情况下,界面剪切应力有一定的波动.桩土界面剪切应力拐点对应的剪切位移及界面摩擦角随着法向应力的增加而增加,呈近似线性关系.     

基于光纤传感器的钢筋腐蚀监测技术研究进展

文章介绍了钢筋在混凝土中的腐蚀机理和常用的光纤传感技术,综述了基于光纤传感器的钢筋腐蚀监测技术的研究进展。最后展望了钢筋腐蚀监测技术要实现工程应用的发展方向。     

氯盐和硫酸盐侵蚀下RC梁受弯性能分析

考虑到氯盐对钢筋锈蚀会引起钢筋横截面损失和粘结强度下降,硫酸盐对混凝土侵蚀会引起混凝土强度改变,因此,建立受腐蚀钢筋混凝土（ reinforced concrete ,RC）梁的有限元分析模型,利用大型有限元ANSYS分析软件,对腐蚀梁的受力性能进行模拟分析,模拟结果与实验结果吻合,说明采用非线性有限元方法分析锈蚀梁受力性能正确有效。     

中欧混凝土结构设计规范的差异

针对中欧混凝土结构设计规范的异同点,在混凝土强度等级、保护层厚度、环境暴露等级等方面进行对比论述,并分析欧洲规范的承载能力计算、裂缝开展宽度计算原理。以实际项目为例,对受弯构件的承载能力、配筋和裂缝宽度等进行定性分析,得出同等条件下中国规范较欧洲规范的裂缝计算值更大但裂缝控制更为严格等结论,为海外项目结构设计提供参考。     

不同环境条件下考虑荷载影响的氯离子扩散模型

钢筋锈蚀是造成钢筋混凝土构件耐久性破坏的重要因素之一,氯离子侵蚀是海洋环境下钢筋锈蚀的首要因素。根据相关文献给出的不同海洋环境、不同荷载水平作用下混凝土中氯离子扩散的实验数据,通过拟合给出氯离子扩散荷载影响系数与构件应力状态之间的关系式及混凝土表面氯离子浓度随时间变化的统计公式,建立了考虑荷载影响的氯离子扩散模型。多组现场实测数据检验表明,建立的考虑荷载影响的氯离子扩散模型是合理的,具有较好的适用性与实用性。     

钢管混凝土在海洋码头引桥工程中的应用

通过海洋码头引桥工程实例,介绍了大流动度、自密实、高强度、微膨胀及缓凝混凝土在大跨、多跨钢管混凝土拱桥中的配合比设计及要求,并对钢管混凝土泵送施工方法、工艺流程、施工过程控制等进行了阐述。使用效果证明,采用本钢管混凝土及其施工方法,能有效避免钢管混凝土拱桥施工中常见的混凝土离析、堵泵、钢管爆管、混凝土不均匀或不完全密实等问题,综合效益显著。