老旧船管理启示录

据有关部门统计,在目前我国海运船舶中,15年以上船龄的老旧船和20年以上船龄的超老旧船占船舶总数的41%,沿海更是高达68%.老旧船因经营成本低等原因对航运企业经济效益有一定益处,但随之而来的却是任何企业都无法回避的老旧船安全问题.已有25年散货船经营管理经验的青岛远洋运输公司,用他们多年的实践探索出了一条经营和管理老旧船的新路子.这个老旧船和超老旧船居多的散货船专业化公司,企业安全生产形势一直比较稳定,特别是2001年港口国检查零滞留,业内人士无不赞叹.从他们的做法中可以得到一些重要的启示.     

浅淡老旧散货船舶安全管理

老旧船的安全管理一直是船东和船舶管理人的安全管理重点工作。本文作者根据国际海事组织统计资料,结合自己对老旧大型散货船管理的实践经验,从船体强度、工况、检查保养、受载、天气影响等方面,对老旧船的安全管理进行探讨。结论一,船长在船舶安全管理实际工作中要充分考虑在不同航区及不同受载后对老旧船舶船体结构强度造成的不同影响;结论二,老旧船的船长必须把可能出现的最困难、最危险的情况,作为日常检查、维护保养和安全管理的立足点;结论三,老旧船安全管理的关键是人员素质,老旧船船长除了具有老旧船日常安全管理能力以外,还需要具备应对突发事件的能力。     

船员疲劳的预防和控制

随着航运市场前几年的爆炸式发展,一个暗藏着的风险摆在了面前.蜂拥而起的中小船东,戍勾大批老旧船的接棒者.管理资质、枝术力量、人力资源、资本实力相对落后的中小船东使这一大批老旧船成为航运市场的安全隐患.特别是随着航运市场的急剧降温,中小船东在市场竞争空前残酷的背景下普遍不肯加大对船舶维护保养的投入,在技术性减员和市场性减员的双重压力下,老旧船船员繁重的工作量和船舶配员的相对不足,使得船员疲劳问题对船舶及人员安全的威胁日益突显.     

世界船舶市场月评

二手船 散货船 南于银行融资困难，市场成交多集中在老旧船成交上。波罗的海买卖船指数保持平稳，与上月相比仅下跌了1个百分点。     

世界船舶市场月评

二手船 散货船 南于银行融资困难，市场成交多集中在老旧船成交上。波罗的海买卖船指数保持平稳，与上月相比仅下跌了1个百分点。     

世界般舶市场月评

二手船 散货船 由于银行融资困难,市场成交多集中在老旧船成交上.波罗的海买卖船指数保持平稳,与上月相比仅下跌了1个百分点.     

“江汉52号”轮改造工艺

将“江汉５２号”轮改造为轻型滚装船是武汉长江轮船公司为了适应当前运输市场、盘活低效资产、旧船新用、充分发挥老旧船舶潜力的新举措，该船改造明的论证准确、改造工艺简单可靠，本介绍客船改造为滚装船的方案及关键技术工艺措施。     

内支线集装箱船舶非标舷梯的研制及改造应用

内支线集装箱船舶,在靠泊码头时,通常采用跳板或竹梯上下船的方式,虽然提高了船舶装载率,初投资较少,但对船员上下船而言,存在较大风险,不利于港口的安全建设与管理。以洋山港码头为例,通过分析内支线船舶的结构并结合码头实际装载状况,研发的一款适合于内支线集装箱船舶改造的非标舷梯,提高了旧船停港作业时的安全性。此产品的研发和应用可为旧船安全改造提供思路。     

老旧散货船营运缺陷与管理探讨

针对老旧散货船在营运中安全问题,阐述了加强老旧散货船的营运管理,做好安全防范,采取正确的管理措施是确保船舶营运安全的前提。重点探讨了老旧散货船的营运缺陷,分析了缺陷可能产生的后果,提出了营运中应采取的管理措施及建议。     

国际航运业融资决策系列研究之六旧船购置融资的财务评价

国际航运业融资决策系列研究之六──旧船购置融资的财务评价邵瑞庆船舶转手迅速、旧船市场活跃、旧船价格大起大落已构成了现代国际航运业的主要特征之一。与新船购建相比较，船东也许更多地会遇到旧船购置问题。如何进行旧船购置的融资，如何对旧船购置融资进行财务评价...     

散装谷物运输的安全管理

从中国散装谷物运输现状出发,分析散装谷物船舶安全管理的实践做法,提出制定国内散装谷物船舶安全管理程序文件,并配套建立国内航行非散装谷物专用船舶数据库、编制散装谷物船舶装载核算软件、细化对散粮船的现场检查工作等安全管理建议。     

Technical changes and impacts on economic performance of dry bulk vessels

Spurred by the expanding bulk shipping and technological innovations, dry bulk vessels have gained considerable development in ship types, ship design, and operation since the invention of the first specialized dry bulk carrier in the early 1950s. However, questions like: what changes in technical specifications have occurred for dry bulk vessels during the past four decades; what triggered these changes and what impacts have these specific changes had on shipping costs or earnings potential, have never been examined systematically in previous work. Subsequently, this article attempts to investigate changes in main technical specifications and relationships between the main technical variables and their economic performance measured by costs and revenues of dry bulk carriers. Technical changes in speed, deadweight, lightweight, and engines are checked for the main types of dry bulk vessels, and trends revealed in these developments are demonstrated to be the consequences of both technical improvement and economical considerations. Additionally, it has been found that the earnings potential differs much from dry bulk vessels with different technical specifications. This can be manifested in the sensitivity analysis. The analysis of this article may contain useful information to practitioners of dry bulk shipping in guiding their market decisions about ship building and operations.     

Development of Energy-Saving Devices for a 20,000DWT River–Sea Bulk Carrier

A reduction of fuel consumption and an increase in efficiency are currently required for river–sea bulk carriers. Pre-swirl and ducted stators are widely used devices in the industry and efficiency gains can be obtained for single-screw and twin-screw vessels. Based on the hydrodynamic characteristics of the 20,000DWT river–sea bulk carrier, in this study, we proposed, designed, and tested a series of pre-swirl energy-saving devices (ESDs). The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed ESDs improved the propulsive efficiency and reduced the delivered power. The results confirm the success of our ESD for the 20,000DWT river–sea bulk carrier. We validated the role of Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) computational fluid dynamics (CFD) in the twin-skeg river–sea vessel ESD design and found the circumferential arrangement and number of stators to be important factors in the design process.     

双壳散货船安全到几何

通过对过去十多年来的散货船安全事故统计进行分析,介绍了散货船的安全问题并计算了各舱室的进水概率,重点介绍了散货船的危险因素和需要加强或改造的区域.根据双壳体的一些试验,分析了双舷侧散货船的安全提升和一些值得商榷的问题并提出了通过改进结构型式解决安全问题的观点.     

Structural reliability of two bulk carrier designs

The paper aims at quantifying the changes in notional reliability levels that result from redesigning a traditional single-hull bulk carrier to become a double-hull structure. The probability of failure is calculated using a first-order reliability method. The evaluation of the wave-induced load effects that occur during long-term operation of the ship in the seaway is carried out. The still water loads are defined on the basis of a statistical analysis that accounts for the ship type. The ultimate collapse bending moment of the midship cross section is used as the basis for the reliability formulation. It is shown that by introducing the double-hull in the bulk carriers their level of structural safety can be increased up to values typical of tankers. Additionally, the time-dependent degrading effect of corrosion on the ultimate moment is also taken into account in the reliability assessment of bulk carriers.     

国内两起干散货船自沉事故引发的思考

干散货船在水上货物运输中有着举足轻重的地位,然而在繁忙运输中与其相关的事故也频频发生,文中通过分析国内两起干散货船自沉事故背后潜藏的隐患和问题,提出强化航运企业、船舶和监管部门各方薄弱环节管理的建议和意见,以期共同为航运业发展和海上安全运输贡献力量。     

Time-variant ultimate longitudinal strength of corroded bulk carriers

Many bulk carrier losses have been reported of late, and one of the possible causes of such casualties is thought to be the structural failure of aging hulls in rough weather. In aging ships, corrosion and fatigue cracks are the two most important factors affecting structural safety and integrity. This paper uses a set of the time-dependent corrosion wastage models for 23 different member locations/categories of bulk carriers previously developed by the authors, based on the available corrosion measurements for existing large bulk carrier structures. Differences due to the location and corrosion severity of every member type are taken into account. The nominal design corrosion values for the primary members are suggested based on the annualized corrosion rates obtained in the present study. The effect of time-variant corrosion wastage on the ultimate hull girder strength as well as the section moduli is studied. The criteria for repair and maintenance of heavily corroded structural members so as to keep the ultimate longitudinal strength at an acceptable level are discussed. Important insights and conclusions developed are summarized.     

Corrosion analysis of bulk carriers, Part I: operational parameters influencing corrosion rates

This paper considers the physical processes of corrosion that occur in bulk carriers. Three main types of corrosive environments are identified within a bulk carrier, namely, immersion in seawater, exposure to an enclosed atmosphere, and exposure to porous media. Fundamental variables influencing corrosion in each environment of the cargo hold region, ballast tanks and void spaces are identified. These serve to identify operational parameters that affect bulk carrier corrosion. It is proposed that such parameters can be used to obtain corrosion rate databases representative of vessel operation.     

散装货船模糊综合安全性评估的实现方法

基于模糊数学的理论,将模糊多级综合评判方法运用于散装货船的综合性评估。通过综合分析与模糊化处理影响散装货船安全笥的船舶、船员及环境三方面的各种因素,建立了模糊综合安全性评估的数学库和计算机程序。