考虑流场影响的破冰船艏部结构响应

建立破冰船破冰场景,基于流固耦合法进行数值仿真计算,分析水域流场对船体的冲击压力变化、流场的速度分布变化和流场的动能变化。将采用流固耦合法得到的计算结果与采用附加质量法得到的计算结果相对比,分析二者在船首的碰撞力大小、损伤变形和局部冰载荷等方面的差异,揭示流场对船-冰碰撞的影响规律。该研究对破冰船结构设计具有一定的参考价值。     

水介质对船冰碰撞结构响应的影响

以极地运输船舶艏部作为研究对象,建立基于流固耦合算法的船-水-冰耦合技术对三维船艏与冰体碰撞的结构响应问题进行了研究,结合非线性有限元软件LS-DYNA对比分析了考虑流固耦合(即有水介质)的船-水-冰碰撞模型和不考虑流固耦合(即无水介质)的船-冰碰撞模型与同质量不同速度的冰体发生碰撞下的结构响应问题,揭示了不同碰撞工况下船舶在损伤变形、碰撞力、速度等方面的变化特征及差异,同时阐述了水介质在船冰碰撞中的作用,可以为极地运输船舶的抗冲击结构设计提供参考。     

基于船-水-冰耦合技术的撞击参数对船冰碰撞性能的影响

以极地运输船舶的首部作为研究对象,建立基于流固耦合算法的船-水-冰耦合技术对三维船首与冰体碰撞的结构响应问题进行研究,成功解决了船体、冰体与流场、船体与冰体之间的耦合,考虑了碰撞过程中船体与冰体的同步损伤,并结合非线性有限元软件Ls-dyna对比分析了冰体质量、船冰碰撞角度等撞击参数的结构响应问题,分析了不同碰撞工况下船舶撞击冰体后损伤变形、碰撞力等方面的变化特征,对分析船舶与冰体碰撞的结构性能具有参考价值。     

有限域液体附加质量对板结构振动特性的影响

基于附加质量法、公式估算法以及流固耦合有限元方法对有限域流体与结构耦合振动特性进行计算分析,以方箱底板单面接触有限域的液体,以及双面分别接触有限域液体和无限域液体工况为例,通过一系列计算得出工程中处理附连水质量影响的一般方法和经验。给出处理有限流体域问题时附加质量法的一般适用准则,即当浸水参数h/b0.1时,利用附加质量法具有足够的工程计算精度,而当h/b>0.1时,建议采用流固耦合方法进行计算。     

基于流固耦合法的巡逻船首部结构耐撞性能研究

目前船舶碰撞研究普遍采用忽略水对船体影响的附连水质量法,本文将水介质对船舶的影响考虑进去,建立船—水—船相互作用的流固耦合算法。并以600吨级巡逻船为研究对象,建立撞击船与被撞船整船模型以及适当大小的水域,解决了撞击船—流场—被撞船之间的耦合问题。在数值仿真计算过程中,将内部动力学及外部动力学同步分析,获得了不同工况下被撞船的运动状态以及损伤变形、碰撞速度和碰撞力等动态结构响应。所获结果可为巡逻船在不可避免地发生碰撞时提供操船建议,对于提高巡逻船的战斗力具有重要的意义。     

基于流固耦合法的巡逻船首部结构耐撞性能研究

目前船舶碰撞研究普遍采用忽略水对船体影响的附连水质量法,本文将水介质对船舶的影响考虑进去,建立船—水—船相互作用的流固耦合算法。并以600吨级巡逻船为研究对象,建立撞击船与被撞船整船模型以及适当大小的水域,解决了撞击船—流场—被撞船之间的耦合问题。在数值仿真计算过程中,将内部动力学及外部动力学同步分析,获得了不同工况下被撞船的运动状态以及损伤变形、碰撞速度和碰撞力等动态结构响应。所获结果可为巡逻船在不可避免地发生碰撞时提供操船建议,对于提高巡逻船的战斗力具有重要的意义。     

船冰碰撞载荷下船舶结构加强方案研究

为了探究水介质对船—冰碰撞结构响应的影响,文章首次对考虑水介质中的船—冰碰撞问题进行了研究。模拟了船舶与冰体在水介质中的碰撞场景,研究船—水—冰三者共同耦合作用对船—冰碰撞的影响。将该计算方法应用于船—冰碰撞的多种工况计算,对比分析了增加外板厚度、横隔板厚度以及肋骨间距等多种加强方案对船体结构响应的差异。揭示了碰撞区域的损伤变形、碰撞力、结构吸能随外板厚度、横隔板厚度和肋骨间距的变化而变化的规律,分析了船舶肩部各主要构件对于抵抗冰载荷作用的能力及贡献。所得结论对于进行冰区船舶结构设计具有参考作用。     

连续破冰模式下极地破冰船艏部冰载荷计算方法研究

极地破冰船在破冰过程中的冰载荷预报是破冰船设计过程中亟待解决的问题。论文根据能量守恒原理提出了连续破冰模式下冰载荷的分析方法;运用非线性有限元软件模拟破冰船的连续破冰过程,获得不同冰厚和不同船速下的船艏碰撞力时历曲线。通过理论计算及数值仿真结果的对比分析,证实作者提出的连续式冰载荷理论计算公式和数值仿真方法的可行性。计算方法及计算结果对于破冰船结构设计具有重要的参考价值。     

船舶结构碰撞试验及简化数值计算方法

[目的]采用流固耦合计算方法虽能较好地模拟船舶碰撞过程,但计算时间较长,为此,提出一种简化的数值计算方法。[方法]以某船的局部舱段为对象,开展多工况水上碰撞试验。采用力传感器和基于高速摄影技术非接触测量的方法获得到碰撞力及碰撞船的运动时程数据,通过对碰撞接触力和加速度响应等数据进行分析,并针对试验过程开展任意拉格朗日-欧拉（ALE）流固耦合数值计算分析,提出将碰撞过程中水域对撞击船的影响简化为等效质量,将对被撞船的影响简化为等效阻力,以面力的形式作用于被撞船非撞击侧用以阻碍被撞船运动的简化方法,然后基于此简化方法开展不涉及水域与结构耦合过程的数值计算。[结果]结果显示,采用简化计算方法得到的各工况的碰撞力峰值与试验值间的误差均在5%以内,且该方法所需要的计算时长远小于ALE流固耦合算法。[结论]所提简化数值计算方法可为实现船舶结构碰撞响应的高效计算提供一定的参考。     

不同碰撞角度下水-船-墩流固耦合数值模拟研究

为研究不同碰撞角度下流体对船桥碰撞过程的影响，本文建立了水-船-墩精细化流固耦合模型，流体域采用ALE描述，船-桥结构采用Lagrange描述，通过罚函数算法实现结构-流体间的耦合。通过数值造波结果与解析解对比，验证了数值水池和耦合接触算法的可靠性。随后在0°～45°范围内开展了碰撞数值模拟，并与附加质量模型在能量转化、碰撞力、桥墩内力及位移、船舶损伤及航迹方面进行了对比。结果表明：流体对碰撞力影响较小；附加质量模型会略微夸大桥墩位移，但差别较小；两种模型的船舶撞损差别较大，不考虑流体时将夸大船舶撞损程度，最高可达21%；流体对船舶航迹与姿态会产生显著影响，流固耦合模型中船舶会明显滞后于附加质量模型。     

基于MD Nastran的船-冰碰撞数值仿真研究

船舶与海冰的碰撞过程十分复杂,涉及多种非线性问题。文章运用 MD Nastran对船舶艏部与冰的碰撞进行数值仿真计算,来模拟这一过程。得到了碰撞结束后,船首和海冰的损伤变形情况,船体结构的应力应变情况,以及在船—冰相互作用过程中的能量变化,应力应变变化。研究结果描述了船舶与冰碰撞的详细过程,揭示了冰载荷作用下船体结构的响应规律,可为船舶抗冰载荷设计提供参考。     

A comparative analysis of the fluid-structure interaction method and the constant added mass method for ice-structure collisions

The constant added mass (CAM) method and the fluid-structure interaction (FSI) method are widely used to simulate ship-ship and ship-ice collisions. In the CAM method, the hydrodynamic effect of the surrounding water is treated as a constant added mass, whereas in the FSI method the surrounding fluid flow is explicitly modelled. The objective of the paper is to compare the two methods and to explain the causes of the differences in the results. We considered collision between a freshwater ice mass and a floating steel structure. For both methods, the numerical simulations were performed with the LS-DYNA software. The behaviour of the ice mass was modelled using an elliptic yield criterion and a strain-based pressure-dependent failure criterion. To ensure realistic ice behaviour, the ice model was calibrated using general trends found in laboratory and in-situ indentation tests with focus on the laboratory-grown ice and the fluid model in the LS-DYNA was verified by comparing the added mass coefficients for a spherical body and a rectangular block with the corresponding WADAM results. To validate and benchmark the numerical simulations, experimental data on ice-structure interactions in water were used, including the acceleration of the floater wall measured with the dynamic motion unit (DMU), the relative velocity between the ice mass and the floater before the impact and some images extracted from video recording of the test. The comparisons indicated that the FSI method yields better results for the motion of the floater, i.e., the acceleration of the floater wall caused by the ice mass’s impact and the relative velocity were in reasonably good agreement with experimental measurements. It was also found that the CAM method was faster but predicted a higher peak contact force and more dissipated energy in the ice mass than in the FSI method.     

不同敏感性参数下船舶-碎冰碰撞的船体结构响应

基于我国第七次北极科学考察获得的夏季北极海冰空间分布情况,模拟真实碎冰分布,采用LS-DYNA软件中的流固耦合方法,研究在船舶航速、碎冰尺度、碎冰厚度及碎冰密集度等因素影响下船舶-碎冰碰撞的船体结构响应。结合试验数据得到船体结构的应力、吸能和碰撞力。结果表明：船舶-碎冰的主要碰撞区域为艏部及舷侧的水线附近;在船舶航行于碎冰域时,船体结构的应力、吸能和碰撞力的峰值随碎冰域的船舶航速、碎冰尺度、碎冰厚度及碎冰密集度的增加而增加,但分布情况不同。研究结果为船舶在极地冰区航行提供一定的安全性参考。     

Finite element based meta-modeling of ship-ice interaction at shoulder and midship areas for ship performance simulation

The climate change has made the transit through Arctic area more feasible, which demands reliable methods to evaluate ship performance. Ship performance in ice is a cross-scale problem, where the desired output such as ship speed lies in larger scale while the actual ship-ice interaction happens in smaller scale. Due to insufficient knowledge in ice mechanics and the demand for computational efficiency, existing approaches for modelling ship-ice interaction from ship performance perspective are mostly either (semi-) empirical, or simplified analytical, with reduced dimensions and extensively simplified mechanics. This paper presents a novel approach to model ship-ice interaction, which maintains the accuracy of the modelling with Finite Element Method (FEM) in ship-ice interaction scale, while being computationally very cheap, therefore is capable to be applied in ship scale simulations. The ice failure is firstly qualitatively investigated through full-scale and model-scale observations, as well as a numerical simulation with Extended Finite Element Method (XFEM). The model is then simplified and executed by Abaqus to automatically run a large database. A neural network is used to fit the results to get a simulation-free tool for ship-ice interaction calculation. Finally, the uncertainty in the results due to an important assumption is quantified. The results show that the obtained neural network fits the database with excellent performance. Therefore, it can be applied in ship scale simulations with improved accuracy compared to empirical or analytical approaches.     

水下结构声固耦合振动的特征值计算

针对水下结构声固耦合振动计算中出现的非对称矩阵(与频率相关)的特征值问题,本文基于共轭子空间迭代法,提出了计算水下结构振动固有频率和振型的双重迭代算法.数值算例表明:该算法收敛性好,用于水下结构声固耦合振动的特征值计算是有效的.文中分别将流体视为不可压缩和可压缩两种情况建立了流固耦合方程,计算了板、加筋板和方箱振动的固有频率和振型,将干模态和湿模态、不可压缩流体和可压缩流体的计算结果进行了比较,并分析了结构刚度和流体边界条件对附加水质量影响系数的影响.     

Investigations on the ship-ice impact: Part 1. Experimental methodologies

In the structural design of the Polar Class ships, glancing impact with ice has been considered as the governing load scenario for dimensioning the bow structure. At present, non-linear transient dynamic analysis has been reckoned as a fundamental requirement in the assessment of the structural strength of ships with higher ice classes. Under such requirement, understanding of the dynamic characteristics of the ship-ice impact load appears significant importance. The present study aims to investigate the spatial and temporal variations of the impact loads by simulating the glancing impact events between a polar research vessel and giant ice floes in ice tank. The ship-ice impact loads were recorded by a grid-based tactile sensor attached on the bow area of the model ship. To achieve a reasonable simulation on the design scenario described by the IACS Unified Requirements for Polar Class Ships (UR I), a series of methodological calibration tests were preliminarily carried out to determine the key parameters that should be carefully monitored and controlled, accompanying with thorough discussions on the ship-ice impact process. This paper provides detailed information on the preliminary methodological calibrations and the tactile data processing techniques, including the identification of the ship-ice contact area, the depiction of the ice loading trail and the outline of the spatial distributions of local ice pressures. A companion paper provides detailed analyses and discussions regarding the spatial and temporal variation of the ice impact loads from the formal tests based on the proposed testing procedures obtained by the methodological calibrations.