我国沿海港口液化天然气码头建设运营现状研究

沿海进口液化天然气(LNG)目前在我国天然气供应体系中发挥了非常重要的作用。通过分析我国沿海及分区域LNG码头建设现状、到港LNG船型、船舶密度和码头利用现状,得出结论:受消费需求不均衡、配套设施能力有限等多方面因素影响,部分LNG码头能力尚未充分释放,局部地区LNG码头淡旺季利用不均衡。根据各区域到港LNG船型结构、船舶密度的分布规律,分淡、旺季对各区域LNG泊位利用率进行测算,提出了沿海分区域平均泊位利用率和局部地区高峰季泊位利用率参数。在此基础上,结合LNG码头运营和船舶监管特点,指出沿海LNG码头运营存在的问题并提出建议。研究结论可为区域LNG码头相关港口规划和设计提供参考。     

LNG码头平面布置要点探讨

以粤东某LNG码头工程为例,结合国内部分已建成投入运营LNG码头的工程经验,对LNG码头布置中进港航道、制动水域、港池及码头平面布置中的要点及考虑因素分析总结。根据波浪、潮流、泥沙等自然条件及LNG接卸、加注码头工艺要求,进行平面布置方案比选,确定综合最优布置型式。本文可为LNG码头平面布置提供参考与借鉴。     

航道约束下的LNG码头对散货泊位建设的影响研究

采用基于多智能体的仿真建模方法,构建考虑LNG船和散货船共用航道的港口航道系统仿真模型,研究在航道条件约束下,日到港LNG船数量不同时,LNG码头对散货泊位建设数量的影响。结果表明:在散货泊位利用率随泊位数量增加而降低的阶段,当AWT/AST一定时,在航道受限条件下,日到港LNG船数越多,可建设散货泊位数量越少;港内散货泊位数量为定值,随着日到港LNG船数增加,散货泊位将出现富余,且日到港LNG船数越多,散货泊位富余也越大。     

基于国际航运协会(PIANC)规范的港池及航道平面尺度探讨

针对港池和航道平面尺度的分析和计算,PIANC规范提出在概念设计阶段根据自然条件、船舶的基本参数、周边泊位的影响,利用公式对水域尺度进行快速计算,在详细设计阶段应采用仿真试验模拟实际工况,准确地确定航道布置及尺度。以东南亚某LNG码头工程为例,将采用PIANC规范公式与仿真试验计算的港口水域尺度进行对比。结果表明,与公式计算相比,仿真试验能更准确、真实地模拟不同工况下的船舶航行轨迹。成果可为类似工程提供借鉴。     

大窑湾集装箱码头泊位通过能力影响因素研究

以大窑湾集装箱码头的实际运营为例,将决定泊位通过能力的各个环节分为泊位年营运天数、泊位有效利用率、船时装卸效率、单船装卸箱量、昼夜装卸作业时间、船舶装卸辅助作业及船舶靠离泊时间、岸边集装箱岸桥配备台数等因素逐一分析,并利用计算机程序进行仿真模拟,得出各因素对泊位通过能力影响的权重,从而为码头的管理决策提供了科学依据,以期提高集装箱码头泊位的通过能力,获取更大的经营效益、改善码头服务水平.     

基于计算机仿真技术的大型原油接卸码头通过能力研究

依托广东省某大型原油接卸码头工程实例,系统分析影响大型原油接卸码头通过能力的影响因素,对原油船舶从到达锚地、进入航道、靠泊作业、卸油作业、离泊作业以及船舶离港避风避浪等船舶的全过程进行详细建模,在考虑潮汐、风浪雾、航道管制规则等影响因素的基础上,建立了大型原油接卸码头港航系统仿真模型,并基于港口服务水平评价指标对码头合理通过能力进行科学论证,为大型原油码头的建设提供科学参考。     

沿海集装箱港区单向航道服务水平研究

提出沿海航道服务水平和航道利用率的概念来确定集装箱港区单向航道扩建时机.首先分析航道服务水平的影响因素,并建立对应仿真模型,得到不同通航历时下的泊位数与航道利用率曲线;利用数学方法分析泊位数与航道利用率的关系;最后基于航道利用率划分服务水平等级,确定航道扩建时机.实例证明,基于航道利用率的航道服务水平可用于确定扩建时机,并对其他专业化港区有一定借鉴作用.     

黄骅港煤炭港区港航系统能力影响因素分析及优化措施

黄骅港煤炭港区煤炭装船设计能力1.78亿t,近年码头通过能力一直维持在2.0亿t左右,港航系统能力非常紧张,急需对影响和制约港航系统能力的因素进行研究,提出提高港航系统能力的措施。为了合理确定港航系统能力,对煤炭港区码头和航道的实际运营数据进行统计、整理和分析,对船舶进出港规则进行研究,采用理论计算和计算机仿真分析的方法进行复核计算。结果表明,煤炭港区港航系统能力主要受码头、航道及其耦合匹配关系影响;煤炭港区在现状码头和航道条件下,通过提高泊位装船效率、增加待泊泊位及优化船舶调度,可以在一定程度上提升港区能力,但提升程度有限,并不能从根本上解决港区能力不足的问题;煤炭港区增加装船泊位是提升港区能力的根本途径。     

单航道多泊位的液化天然气码头建设规模仿真研究

液化天然气(LNG)船舶进出港时通航排他性强,有必要进一步研究LNG码头适宜规模,以科学引导大型LNG接收站建设.基于多智能体信息交互的港口运营系统仿真方法,建立单个LNG港址单向专用航道模型,研究高负荷状态下2～6个LNG泊位时的船舶进出港及接卸作业全过程,评估LNG船舶相互影响状况下的进出港效率.结果表明,基于目前一般通航规则,单个港址LNG泊位数量2个较优,3个相对平衡,不宜超过4个.当达到4个泊位时,船舶进出港效率明显下降,潜在运营风险较高;且随着泊位数量进一步增多,效率会持续下降.     

基于仿真技术的黄骅港煤炭港区航道拓宽方案确定

2017年以来黄骅港煤炭港区吞吐量持续超过2亿t，船舶大型化趋势显著，导致船舶等待时间偏长，航道通过能力也已不能满足港区发展要求，急需对现状5万吨级航道进行拓宽升级。为了合理确定航道拓宽方案，采用系统仿真技术，通过建立涵盖锚地、航道、港池和泊位的港航系统模型，结合港口生产数据，对多个航道拓宽方案开展港航系统仿真研究。结果表明，各航道拓宽方案均能满足港区吞吐量发展要求；随着航道拓宽里程增加，煤炭船舶平均离港等航道时间、煤炭码头平均单船空泊时间呈减小趋势，相应煤炭码头泊位利用率、港航系统通过能力逐步提升。基于仿真研究结论，通过综合对比投资、航道横流、后期维护费用等因素，推荐采用航道拓宽方案1。     

33rd International Conference on Ocean,Offshore and Arctic Engineering （OMAE2014）

正San Francisco,California,June 8-13,2014.OMAE 2014 is the ideal forum for researchers,engineers,managers,technicians and students from the scientific and industrial communities from around the world to:·meet and present advances in technology and its scientific support;·to exchange ideas and experiences whilst promoting technological progress and its application in industry·to promote international cooperation in ocean,offshore and arctic engineering.In line with the tradition of excellence of previous OMAE conferences,more than 900 technical papers are planned for presentation.Outreach for Engineers Specialty Forum This Specialty Forum is designed for students and professionals who may not be familiar with the Ocean and Offshore industry,as well as those who have just recently specialized in this field.     

The 11th International Conference on Hydrodynamics (ICHD 2014)

正19–24 October 2014 SingaporeCONFERENCE THEMES The overall aim of the ICHD Conference is to provide a forum for participants from around the world to review,discuss and present the latest developments in the broad discipline of hydrodynamics and fluid mechanics.The first International Conference on Hydrodynamics(ICHD)was initiated in 1994 in Wuxi,China.Since then,9 more ICHD conferences were held subsequently in Hong Kong,Seoul,Yokohama,Tainan,Perth,Ischia,Nantes,Shanghai and St Petersburg.Evidently the ICHD conference has become an important event among academics,researchers,engineers and operators,working in the fields closely related to the science and technology of hydrodynamics.The 11th ICHD will be held in Singapore in 2014.     

第十二届深水操作会议和展览会(英文)

正November 4-6,2014Moody Gardens HotelConvention Center/Galveston,TX The Deepwater Operations Conference and Exhibition is celebrating its 12th anniversary this year.This growing event will continue the tradition of excellence in addressing operational challenges involved in developing deepwater resources.We will return to the Moody Gardens Hotel and Convention Center on November 5-7,2014 in Galveston,Texas.     

舰艇反鱼雷技术

对目前舰艇反鱼雷技术中的非杀伤、软杀伤和硬杀伤等比较先进的手段进行了阐述,并在此基础上分析研究了舰艇反鱼雷技术的发展趋势。     

Community-Based Management for Sustainable Fisheries Resources in Phang-nga Bay,Thailand

Fishing communities, the Government of Thailand Department of Fisheries, local nongovermnental organizations, universities, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), and FAO's Bay of Bengal Program have undertaken a partnership in management of Phang-nga Bay's coastal resources. It is the first project of its kind in Thailand, and although still in the early stages, offers insights that may contribute to our knowledge of how we can improve our management of coastal resources, including the importance of (1) building relationships within the governance process; (2) combining education, enforcement, and economic incentives to achieve compliance; (3) implementing solutions early; and (4) government support of community-based decisions. These insights reinforce trends emerging in other coastal management projects in the Asian region.     

Catalyzing Coastal Management in Kenya and Zanzibar: Building Capacity and Commitment

Site-based projects were initiated in Chawka Bay-Paje, Zanzibar, and Nyali-Bamburi-Shanzu, Kenya, to demonstrate the benefits of an integrated coastal management (ICM) approach for addressing coastal issues such as tourism development and enhancement of resource-dependent village economies in eastern Africa. A two-year, multidonor project used three primary strategies to make rapid, but sustainable, progress toward ICM. These included using interagency government teams for ICM planning, adopting an internationally recognized framework for ICM as a project ''road map,'' and explicitly incorporating capacity-building strategies into all aspects of the project. Within two years, integrated ICM action strategies, prepared through participatory processes, were being implemented at both sites, and both teams were working to expand the scale and scope of ICM in their nation. More importantly, the project helped create committed, capable, interagency groups that continue to work together to address urgent ICM issues.     

Journal of Marine Science and Application 2014 Sum. Contents

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Errata

正In the paper"Influence of Fouling Assemblage on the Corrosion Behaviour of Mild Steel in the Coastal Waters of The Gulf of Mannar,India"in Vol.12,No.4,Page:509,References were lost,and the two authors’biographies were identical.The correct text is shown below.We apologize to the authors and our readers for any inconvenience caused by the errors.     

单相PWM整流器的建模与仿真分析

文章详细分析了单相VSR型PWM整流器的整流原理,建立了电流内环,电压外环的单相VSR型PWM整流控制器的数学模型和逻辑框图。在MATLAB／Simulink软件环境中进行了仿真,分析了模型的可行性。     

A simplified method for reliability- and integrity-based design of engineering systems and its application to offshore mooring systems

This paper presents a simplified method for the reliability- and the integrity-based optimal design of engineering systems and its application to offshore mooring systems. The design of structural systems is transitioning from the conventional methods, which are based on factors of safety, to more advanced methods, which require calculation of the failure probability of the designed system for each project. Using factors of safety to account for the uncertainties in the capacity (strength) or demands can lead to systems with different reliabilities. This is because the number and arrangement of components in each system and the correlation of their responses could be different, which could affect the system reliability. The generic factors of safety that are specified at the component level do not account for such differences. Still, using factors of safety, as a measure of system safety, is preferred by many engineers because of the simplicity in their application. The aim of this paper is to provide a simplified method for design of engineering systems that directly involves the system annual failure probability as a measure of system safety, concerning system strength limit state. In this method, using results of conventional deterministic analysis, the optimality factors for an integrity-based optimal design are used instead of generic safety factors to assure the system safety. The optimality factors, which estimate the necessary change in average component capacities, are computed especially for each component and a target system annual probability of system failure using regression models that estimate the effect of short and long term extreme events on structural response. Because in practice, it is convenient to use the return period as a measure to quantify the likelihood of extreme events, the regression model in this paper is a relationship between the component demands and the annual probability density function corresponding to every return period. This method accounts for the uncertainties in the environmental loads and structural capacities, and identifies the target mean capacity of each component for maximizing its integrity and meeting the reliability requirement. In addition, because various failure modes in a structural system can lead to different consequences (including damage costs), a method is introduced to compute optimality factors for designated failure modes. By calculating the probability of system failure, this method can be used for risk-based decision-making that considers the failure costs and consequences. The proposed method can also be used on existing structures to identify the riskiest components as part of inspection and improvement planning. The proposed method is discussed and illustrated considering offshore mooring systems. However, the method is general and applicable also to other engineering systems. In the case study of this paper, the method is first used to quantify the reliability of a mooring system, then this design is revised to meet the DNV recommended annual probability of failure and for maximizing system integrity as well as for a designated failure mode in which the anchor chains are the first components to fail in the system.