Bi-fidelity Kriging model for reliability analysis of the ultimate strength of stiffened panels

A method based on a Bi-fidelity Kriging model is proposed for structural reliability analysis. It is based on adding low-fidelity data samples to the model to predict high-fidelity values, thus saving computational effort. Distance Correlation develops the correlation between the low and high-fidelity functions, initially proposed to assess the correlation between two variables. The bi-fidelity Kriging response surface model's efficiency as a surrogate model will be assessed for structural reliability problems that demand high computational costs, such as nonlinear finite element analysis structural models. The efficiency assessment is performed by comparing the accuracy of the failure probability predictions based on the Subset Simulation and First-order reliability method using the Bi-fidelity Kriging model as a surrogate for the performance function. The idea is illustrated by considering a representative component of marine structures analyzed by finite element analysis to create bi-fidelity scenarios to assess structural reliability with many variables. The results show that the proposed multi-fidelity method can provide an accurate failure probability estimation with less computational cost.     

基于剪流分布规律的节点力加载方式在船体结构有限元分析中的应用

船体结构强度评估是船舶建造与设计过程中的重要环节.本文在总结研究现有的船体结构有限元分析加载方式的基础上,提出基于剪流分布规律的节点力加载方式.对于为模拟船体梁载荷而在各剖面处施加的集中力以及为进行强度计算需在各剖面处施加的调整载荷,使用本文方法将其离散至单元网格节点处并于与加载,得到的结果符合船体梁弯曲时的应力分布规律,这对于正确进行船体结构强度评估具有重要意义.给出适用于计算机实施的规格化加载过程,以实现船体结构有限元分析的自动加载过程.     

Ultimate strength analysis of a bulk carrier hull girder under alternate hold loading condition,Part 2: Stress distribution in the double bottom and simplified approaches

This is the second of two companion papers dealing with nonlinear finite element modelling and ultimate strength analysis of the hull girder of a bulk carrier under Alternate Hold Loading (AHL) condition. The methodology for nonlinear finite element modelling as well as the ultimate strength results from the nonlinear FE analyses was discussed in the companion paper (Part 1). The purpose of the present paper is to use the FE results to contribute towards developing simplified methods applicable to practical design of ship hulls under combined global and local loads. An important issue is the significant double bottom bending in the empty hold in AHL due to combined global hull girder bending moment and local loads. Therefore, the stress distributions in the double bottom area at different load levels i.e. rule load level and ultimate failure load level are presented in detail. The implication of different design pressures obtained by different rules (CSR-BC rules and DNV rules) on the stress distribution is investigated. Both (partially) heavy cargo AHL and fully loaded cargo AHL are considered. Factors of influence of double bottom bending such as initial imperfections, local loads, stress distribution and failure modes on the hull girder strength are discussed. Simplified procedures for determination of the hull girder strength for bulk carriers under AHL conditions are also discussed in light of the FE analyses.     

船舶撞击力作用下高桩码头的安全评估

针对高桩码头水平承载力,应用极限概率理论分析了荷载效应的统计参数;根据构件破坏准则,确定了码头破坏模式和功能函数;依托某码头实例,建立响应模型,计算其失效概率及可靠指标。分析的结果认为,船舶撞击能和船舶撞击力符合极值I型分布;高桩码头的主要破坏为桩基础的正截面受弯破坏和水平位移过大;结合某码头工程实例,利用ANSYS有限元分析软件建立结构响应模型和PDS模块,采用蒙特卡罗的方法进行可靠性分析,共进行了10万次抽样,抽样的结果显示,码头受船撞作用失效的概率为2.073 05×10-3,可靠指标为3.76,安全结构等级为2级。     

新型水下RTP管楔块夹紧式接头设计与分析研究

针对适用于水下的6英寸非金属粘结性RTP管,设计了新型的楔块夹紧式接头。使用SolidWorks软件进行了结构设计,并基于有限元理论建立了有限元分析模型,采用ABAQUS有限元分析软件对楔块夹紧式接头系统在极限工作内压和轴向拉伸条件下进行静态分析。得到了该新型楔块夹紧式接头系统在极限工作内压条件下的Von Mises应力、接触应力和剪切应力,并按照DNV设计规范对接头所受应力进行校核,验证了新型楔块夹紧式接头系统的设计可行性与结构可靠性,同时探究了该楔块夹紧式接头在设计制造以及安装时遇到的一些问题,给出了相关的设计、加工、安装和使用方面的建议,为国内水下油气管线的发展和使用提供帮助。     

基于非线性理论的船舶结构稳定性研究

本文以结构的线性分析为基础，对船舶结构的线性稳定性分析方法进行了改进。同时，采用基于特征值分析的线性稳定性分析方法得到了船舶结构的临界载荷，从该载荷值可以预测出实际结构临界载荷的上限并能较好地反映船舶结构线性性能对其稳定性的影响，据此得出船舶结构的失稳位形。在非线性稳定性分析中，采用NEWTON—ROPHSON方法及弧长法求解考虑非线性时船舶结构的临界载荷，并详细讨论了结构缺陷对稳定性的影响，提出考虑结构缺陷时船舶结构稳定性计算方法。通过不同类型的算例进行分析比较，总结出船舶结构边界条件、几何缺陷变化与船舶结构稳定性之间关系，验证了本文稳定性分析方法的正确性、有效性及对现役散货船船体结构的适用性。     

一种船用球形压力储气罐的设计与应力分析

设计了一种船用球形压力储气罐,应用软件Ansys进行了有限元建模,根据有限元模型的应力分析情况,选取三个危险截面仔细做应力分析,并进行结果评定。最后运用Ansys载荷步分析方法获得交变应力强度,分析了储气罐的疲劳性质。     

端面转角对板架结构极限强度的影响研究

文章以单层板架、开孔单层板架和双层板架为研究对象,采用非线性有限元法,开展了端面转角对板架结构极限强度的影响研究。首先对单层板架、开孔单层板架和双层板架在不同端面转角下的极限强度进行了系列数值计算,然后对比分析其极限载荷和失效模式,获得了端面转角对板架结构极限强度的影响规律,为开展甲板板架结构极限强度试验提供方法参考。     

无粘结柔性管抗拉伸层结构分析

柔性管抗拉伸层是复杂的空间螺旋线结构,其结构响应分析对柔性管疲劳分析、强度分析和屈曲分析有重要作用。文章基于曲梁理论,应用斜驶螺旋线假设和测地线假设两种空间曲线公式,以空间细长杆理论及胡克定律本构方程为基础,采用格林应变张量与第二Kirchoff应力张量度量,对深海无粘结柔性管抗拉伸层螺旋形钢缆结构平衡方程进行了推导,编写了分析程序。利用该程序,分析了抗拉伸层钢缆在轴对称载荷下和弯矩作用下的曲率变化和结构响应;同时利用三维直梁有限元模型与曲梁有限元模型建立数值模型,将程序结果与数值模拟模型结果进行了对比,证明了结果可行性。该结果可为柔性管抗拉伸层结构设计提供快速的预估计方法。     

机械液压联锁同步升降装置解析计算及有限元分析

针对船闸人字门检修时传统的顶落门施工工艺复杂情况，设计了机械液压连锁同步升降装置，分析了装置的结构原理及受力工况。采用解析计算和有限元分析相结合的方法对装置中主要受力件螺纹活塞杆和安全齿形螺母进行理论强度校核，并基于Ansys软件分析装置在载荷物以重力下坠极限工况下的情况。结果表明：装置的理论强度满足要求，有限元分析的局部区域存在最大等效应力接近材料屈服极限情况。结合分析结果和装置的结构特点提出了改造建议，进一步优化了装置的设计。     

深水悬链复合锚泊线疲劳损伤计算

以某座Spar平台的锚泊系统为研究对象,首先利用三维绕射理论计算Spar平台主体波浪力,得到平台的总体运动响应时程。再建立复合锚泊线的二维非线性有限元动力分析模型,基于DelVecchio(1992)提出的经验公式,采用迭代的方法计算复合锚泊线的刚度。锚泊线和海床之间的接触作用基于刚性海床假定,基于Morrison公式计算锚泊线的惯性力和拖曳力荷载,根据计算得到的平台主体运动响应时程作为锚泊线顶端输入条件,在时域范围内进行复合锚泊线的动力分析。计算得到中国南海某海域各短期海况条件下复合锚泊线应力的时间历程曲线,采用雨流法对其计数得到对应于各短期海况条件下的疲劳载荷谱。最后根据Miner线性累积损伤模型,对复合锚泊线在长期海况条件下的疲劳损伤进行比较计算。     

接触面单元对单桩位移应力的影响分析

在用有限元法分析桩土相互作用的研究中,采用不同的接触面单元得到的结果必然不同。通过分别引入Goodman单元和Desai单元进行单桩有限元分析,研究接触面单元对桩土接触面力学特性及单桩位移应力的影响。分析认为:在桩顶荷载较小时两者的桩土接触面力学特性以及单桩的位移应力差别很小;桩顶荷载较大时,采用Goodman单元计算所得的桩顶沉降小,接触面剪应力大,轴力沿桩身递减快,桩端阻力和沉降都较小,单桩的竖向抗压极限承载力较大。     

A regression and beam theory based approach for fatigue assessment of containership structures including bending and torsion contributions

Container shipping has been expanding dramatically during the last decade. Due to their special structural characteristics, such as the wide breadth and large hatch openings, horizontal bending and torsion play an important role to the fatigue safety of containerships. In this study the fatigue contributions from vertical bending, horizontal bending and torsion are investigated using full-scale measurements of strain records on two containerships. Further, these contributions are compared to results from direct calculations where a nonlinear 3D panel method is used to compute wave loads in time domain. It is concluded that both bending and torsion have significant impacts on the fatigue assessment of containerships. The stresses caused by these loads could be correctly computed by full-ship finite element analysis. However, this requires large computational effort, since for fatigue assessment purposes the FE analysis needs to be carried out for all encountered sea states and operational conditions with sufficient time steps for each condition. In this paper, a new procedure is proposed to run the structure finite element analysis under only one sea condition for only a few time steps. Then, these results are used to obtain a relationship between wave loads and structural stresses through a linear regression analysis. This relation can be further used to compute stresses for arbitrary sea states and operational conditions using the computed wave loads (bending and torsion moments) as input. Based on this proposed method for structure stress analysis, an efficient procedure is formulated and found to be in very good agreement with the full-ship finite element analysis. In addition it is several orders of magnitude more time efficient for fatigue assessment of containership structures.     

张立腿平台浮箱框架结构强度分析方法研究

浮箱是张力腿平台主体结构的组成部分之一,它承受着由平台甲板和立柱传递来的总体载荷以及局部静水载荷。不同的浮箱结构型式会对荷载路径和受力大小产生影响,不同的设计需求会带来不同的结构型式设计。本文介绍 TLP平台浮箱框架的典型结构型式以及基于有限元的强度分析方法,并通过浮箱横向框架有支柱和无支柱2种不同型式的浮箱框架结构案例分析予以阐述。     

Influence of initial distortion of 3 mm thin superstructure decks on hull girder response for fatigue assessment

This paper investigates the influence of initial distortion of 3 mm thin superstructure decks on hull girder response and fatigue assessment. Part of the traditional superstructure of a prismatic passenger ship is replaced by thin decks with initial distortion amplitude of 0, 1 and 2 times the IACS limit value for thicker plates, i.e. 0, 6 and 12 mm. Both geometrically linear and nonlinear finite element (FE) analysis is used. For reference also traditional superstructure with 5 mm plate thickness is analyzed. Thin straight superstructure decks give 43% of weight reduction and carry approximately 30% less load than corresponding thick straight decks in traditional model. The load that is not carried by thin decks is divided between other traditional decks. The redistribution of forces also happens at the deck level between plates, stiffeners, girders and longitudinal bulkheads. The presence of initial distortion with the shape of one half wave between web frames and stiffeners causes an additional few percent-decrease in forces carried. The results and conclusions are similar for hogging and sagging loading conditions and differences between geometrically linear and nonlinear FE analysis are very small. This means time saving since the panel loading for fatigue assessment can be defined from geometrically linear hull girder response analysis without considering the initial distortions.     

导管架平台强度分析

采用有限元分析软件MSC.PATRAN/NASTRAN,对渤西QK18-2导管架平台建立整体结构计算分析有限元模型.根据美国石油协会API（American Petroleum Institute）规范分析确定了平台的环境荷载并进行了荷载组合,确定结构计算分析的主要工况,计算了典型工况下的整体结构应力;并通过对平台整体结构应力状态的分析,找出平台应力幅值较大的管节点进行了强度校核,为导管架平台的结构设计提供了分析方法.     

加肋轴对称旋转壳非线性稳定性分析

应用Total Lagrange描述、弹塑性本构关系及非线性壳体理论,建立加肋轴对称旋转壳的非线性稳定性分析的控制方程.将所求得的控制方程应用于截锥壳单元,推导出截锥壳单元的非线性稳定性分析的有限元列式,用截锥壳单元离散和逼近加肋轴对称旋转壳,构成有限元分析模型,从而建立了分析加肋轴对称旋转壳稳定性分析的有限元模型.应用所获得的有限元列式,由平衡路径追踪,求出结构的弹性极值点载荷和弹塑性极值点载荷,将所求得的极值点载荷适当地划分成多个载荷步,求出相应的位移增量,在每一个增量步作特征值分析,由特征值分析求出非线性失稳临界载荷.文中分别将本方法与材料的弹性本构关系和弹塑性本构关系相结合,采用Crisfield圆弧加载法对某精车模型进行平衡路径追踪,得出了该模型的弹性极值点载荷、弹塑性极值点载荷和弹塑性失稳临界载荷.所求得的弹塑性极值点载荷和弹塑性失稳临界载荷与模型实验测试值均吻合较好,其中弹塑性失稳临界载荷值与实验值更为接近.从而证明:本文方法可直接求出加肋轴对称旋转壳的弹塑性失稳临界载荷,而勿须使用Cg、Cs系数进行修正.     

船体复合材料帽型加筋板渐进破坏分析

复合材料加筋板复杂的破坏过程与失效形式增加了应用难度。以面外均布载荷与面内压缩联合作用下的夹芯复合材料帽型加筋板为研究对象,在通过试验结果验证非线性有限元方法准确性的基础上,基于复合材料的hashin准则与胶层界面的最大应力准则展开渐进破坏分析,讨论了极限载荷、破坏模式及失效机理。采用有限元子模型技术对中段破坏区域建模,基于Shokrieh-Hashin准则进行局部破坏分析,讨论蒙皮的铺层损伤规律。结果表明:加筋板呈整体一阶屈曲破坏,极限载荷为316.8 kN;壁板下蒙皮的纤维压缩失效是导致加筋板整体破坏的原因;各铺层的面内失效规律基本相同,蒙皮的纤维压缩失效从外层逐渐向内层扩展,且扩展速率逐渐降低。     

装配式空心板梁桥铰缝病害机理分析与防治措施

以某装配式钢筋混凝土空心板梁桥为例,考虑温度场变化、车辆行驶工况,采用大型的有限元分析软件ANSYS,计算并探讨了不同季节情况下混凝土空心板温度应力对板梁桥裂缝病害的影响,分析了不同车辆荷载情况下板梁桥的纵向铰缝的复杂受力状态及其破坏机理,提出了防止板梁桥结构裂缝及铰缝破坏的设计方法和构造措施。     

三峡成库后直立式码头结构作用效应组合研究*

利用有限元分析软件ANSYS对三峡成库后位于长江上游变动回水区河段内一新型架空直立式码头工程进行建模.建立了考虑面板刚度的空间刚架系统的有限元模型,提取了有限元静力分析下各种荷载工况各构件的力学响应值,并利用科学计算软件MATLAB编程对数据进行组合运算,得出构件在荷载工况组合作用下各力学响应量的最不利组合值与对应组合类型.找出作为构件强度验算效应值的最大合成弯矩、最大合成剪力以及最大轴力,并通过比较分析确定出排架范围内几何尺寸相同构件中受力最不利的构件位置.