长江上游卵石滩群平面形态及碍航特性*

川江以滩多、流急、水乱而闻名于世,部分滩险之间距离较近,滩险之间相互制约,整治存在相互联动效应,形成滩群,其中卵石滩群碍航特性最为复杂,整治难度非常大。通过对长江上游8个卵石滩群平面形态及以斗笠子—东溪口、神背嘴—叉鱼碛卵石滩群为代表的滩段之间关联特性的分析得到以下认识：卵石滩群一般位于连续弯道（急弯）,深槽连接段短、宽度变化大的“藕节状”分汊型河段;下游滩险整治易引起上滩险水位降低,比降增加,恶化上滩险的航道条件;上游滩险整治易改变来水来沙条件,影响下游滩险河床演变。对卵石滩群的整治应整体规划、设计,一次建成。     

三峡库尾礁石子急滩成因分析及航道整治

针对长江上游变动回水区河段在三峡水库消落期表现出的复杂通航环境,以广阳坝礁石子河段整治为例,研究该河段浅滩和急滩复合碍航特性。采用船舶阻力计算方法,确定5 000吨级船型的自航上滩水力指标,通过定床物理模型试验,得出该河段滩险成因并提出整体治理思路与滩险整治方案。分析整治效果可知,工程实施后,航道尺度达到通航设计标准,可满足5 000吨级船舶通航的水流条件。     

山区河流枢纽库尾河段航道整治模型试验研究

为探讨山区河流库尾河段航道整治技术,以嘉陵江南充段凤仪场库尾河段为例,分析河床演变、滩险及泥沙淤积规律,探明河段的碍航特性。采用河工模型试验方法,制定了"疏浚、筑坝、护岸"等整治方案。试验表明:优化方案实施后整治效果良好,从根本上解决了山区河流库尾河段变动回水区碍航问题。     

岷江下段航道典型滩险整治技术

岷江干流龙溪口枢纽以下河段为天然航道,具有典型的山区河流特征,碍航特性极其复杂,加之河道历年来受挖沙采石影响,航道条件恶化严重。采用长河段平面二维水流数学模型对拟建岷江龙溪口枢纽至屏山镇岷江大桥段11处滩险的整治方案进行对比分析及优化研究。在碍航特性及滩险成因分析的基础上,选取该段航道内干龙子滩、白甲滩以及新开河滩段3个具有典型代表性的滩段,从通航水流改善程度、挖槽稳定性以及船舶自航上滩等方面进行多组方案的比选,总结岷江下段典型代表性滩险的整治技术。     

长江上游急弯分汊河段通航整治汊道选择

急弯分汉河段卵石滩是长江上游叙渝段的主要碍航整治滩险,由于水沙运动条件复杂,整治难度较大.铜鼓滩、神背嘴、风簸碛等典型滩险的模型试验和整治实践表明,选择弯曲汉道或直槽进行整治各有利弊.但受河势和滩情条件的局限,弯曲汉道的整治效果相对较差;在难以彻底改善其航行条件的情况下,可考虑选择直槽进行整治,研究表明开辟直槽通航是可行的.     

广阳坝河段4.5米水深航道整治工程动床物理模型试验研究

广阳坝河段为长江上游朝天门至涪陵河段45米水深航道整治工程的一部分,该河段卵石运动规律及滩险碍航特性复杂,为确定航道整治方案提供依据,开展了广阳坝河段物理模型试验,研究河道内卵石输运特性及航槽稳定性。     

长江上游老虎梁险滩航道整治模型试验研究

长江上游老虎梁滩段是重庆—宜昌河段内的重点碍航滩险，近期发生多起海损事故，严重影响船舶通航安全及航运效益发挥。针对此问题，采用物理模型试验和船模试验的研究手段，在深入揭示老虎梁滩段碍航水流特性及行船安全问题的基础上，对不同航道整治方案实施后的水流条件、行船状态进行了对比研究。结果表明，方案实施能减弱不良流态对船舶安全航行的影响，综合分析比选后推荐了最优方案，为该滩段航道整治工程设计提供科学依据，也可供其它类似滩险的航道整治研究参考。     

黄河上游双旋沟滩航道整治方案模型试验研究

为确定黄河上游龙湾至南长滩河段碍航最为严重急险浅滩——双旋沟滩的航道整治工程方案,进行了定床河工模型试验研究。其中定床水流试验研究滩段水力要素,定床输沙试验研究挖槽稳定性。试验结果表明,通过浅区疏浚、卡口切嘴、深沱填槽、深槽潜坝、放宽段丁坝等整治措施,可以降低该滩段流速、比降,改善流态,增加航宽航深,使该滩段满足V级航道建设要求。整治后,滩段水力要素满足船舶上滩要求,船舶能在10 a一遇洪水下安全航行。     

长江上游冰盘碛水道河床演变及整治思路研究

冰盘碛河段为长江上游典型的山区航道,具有"弯、浅、险、窄、急"等复合碍航特征。本文根据多年历史测图,分析了冰盘碛的历史演变规律以及碍航特性,探讨了以往工程实施后的整治效果,提出了冰盘碛水道各滩段的整治思路和方案。为建设泸渝段5m×60m×800m高等级航道和"上浅下险"型滩段的整治提供参考。     

黄河什川吊桥滩河段航道整治方案研究

什川吊桥滩是黄河大峡库区内主要碍航滩险之一,严重影响通过该河段船舶的安全航行。在明确其碍航特性的基础上,结合河工模型试验研究,对比分析不同方案整治前后河段的通航水流条件,确定采取浅区挖槽和深沱筑潜坝相结合的措施进行整治。工程实施后航道条件得到明显改善,整治效果良好,可为类似滩险的整治提供参考。     

第十二届深水操作会议和展览会(英文)

正November 4-6,2014Moody Gardens HotelConvention Center/Galveston,TX The Deepwater Operations Conference and Exhibition is celebrating its 12th anniversary this year.This growing event will continue the tradition of excellence in addressing operational challenges involved in developing deepwater resources.We will return to the Moody Gardens Hotel and Convention Center on November 5-7,2014 in Galveston,Texas.     

The 11th International Conference on Hydrodynamics (ICHD 2014)

正19–24 October 2014 SingaporeCONFERENCE THEMES The overall aim of the ICHD Conference is to provide a forum for participants from around the world to review,discuss and present the latest developments in the broad discipline of hydrodynamics and fluid mechanics.The first International Conference on Hydrodynamics(ICHD)was initiated in 1994 in Wuxi,China.Since then,9 more ICHD conferences were held subsequently in Hong Kong,Seoul,Yokohama,Tainan,Perth,Ischia,Nantes,Shanghai and St Petersburg.Evidently the ICHD conference has become an important event among academics,researchers,engineers and operators,working in the fields closely related to the science and technology of hydrodynamics.The 11th ICHD will be held in Singapore in 2014.     

33rd International Conference on Ocean,Offshore and Arctic Engineering （OMAE2014）

正San Francisco,California,June 8-13,2014.OMAE 2014 is the ideal forum for researchers,engineers,managers,technicians and students from the scientific and industrial communities from around the world to:·meet and present advances in technology and its scientific support;·to exchange ideas and experiences whilst promoting technological progress and its application in industry·to promote international cooperation in ocean,offshore and arctic engineering.In line with the tradition of excellence of previous OMAE conferences,more than 900 technical papers are planned for presentation.Outreach for Engineers Specialty Forum This Specialty Forum is designed for students and professionals who may not be familiar with the Ocean and Offshore industry,as well as those who have just recently specialized in this field.     

Catalyzing Coastal Management in Kenya and Zanzibar: Building Capacity and Commitment

Site-based projects were initiated in Chawka Bay-Paje, Zanzibar, and Nyali-Bamburi-Shanzu, Kenya, to demonstrate the benefits of an integrated coastal management (ICM) approach for addressing coastal issues such as tourism development and enhancement of resource-dependent village economies in eastern Africa. A two-year, multidonor project used three primary strategies to make rapid, but sustainable, progress toward ICM. These included using interagency government teams for ICM planning, adopting an internationally recognized framework for ICM as a project ''road map,'' and explicitly incorporating capacity-building strategies into all aspects of the project. Within two years, integrated ICM action strategies, prepared through participatory processes, were being implemented at both sites, and both teams were working to expand the scale and scope of ICM in their nation. More importantly, the project helped create committed, capable, interagency groups that continue to work together to address urgent ICM issues.     

A simplified method for reliability- and integrity-based design of engineering systems and its application to offshore mooring systems

This paper presents a simplified method for the reliability- and the integrity-based optimal design of engineering systems and its application to offshore mooring systems. The design of structural systems is transitioning from the conventional methods, which are based on factors of safety, to more advanced methods, which require calculation of the failure probability of the designed system for each project. Using factors of safety to account for the uncertainties in the capacity (strength) or demands can lead to systems with different reliabilities. This is because the number and arrangement of components in each system and the correlation of their responses could be different, which could affect the system reliability. The generic factors of safety that are specified at the component level do not account for such differences. Still, using factors of safety, as a measure of system safety, is preferred by many engineers because of the simplicity in their application. The aim of this paper is to provide a simplified method for design of engineering systems that directly involves the system annual failure probability as a measure of system safety, concerning system strength limit state. In this method, using results of conventional deterministic analysis, the optimality factors for an integrity-based optimal design are used instead of generic safety factors to assure the system safety. The optimality factors, which estimate the necessary change in average component capacities, are computed especially for each component and a target system annual probability of system failure using regression models that estimate the effect of short and long term extreme events on structural response. Because in practice, it is convenient to use the return period as a measure to quantify the likelihood of extreme events, the regression model in this paper is a relationship between the component demands and the annual probability density function corresponding to every return period. This method accounts for the uncertainties in the environmental loads and structural capacities, and identifies the target mean capacity of each component for maximizing its integrity and meeting the reliability requirement. In addition, because various failure modes in a structural system can lead to different consequences (including damage costs), a method is introduced to compute optimality factors for designated failure modes. By calculating the probability of system failure, this method can be used for risk-based decision-making that considers the failure costs and consequences. The proposed method can also be used on existing structures to identify the riskiest components as part of inspection and improvement planning. The proposed method is discussed and illustrated considering offshore mooring systems. However, the method is general and applicable also to other engineering systems. In the case study of this paper, the method is first used to quantify the reliability of a mooring system, then this design is revised to meet the DNV recommended annual probability of failure and for maximizing system integrity as well as for a designated failure mode in which the anchor chains are the first components to fail in the system.     

含裂纹钢板复合材料修补强度和刚度数值分析

用ANSYS有限元分析软件对复合材料补片修复含边裂纹和中心裂纹钢板的强度和刚度进行了数值分析.引入相对刚度的概念,研究了钻有止裂孔裂纹的长度对损伤钢板相对刚度的影响,分析了损伤钢板刚度复合材料贴片修补效果;引入屈服载荷提高率的概念,分析了损伤钢板强度的修复效果.     

舰艇反鱼雷技术

对目前舰艇反鱼雷技术中的非杀伤、软杀伤和硬杀伤等比较先进的手段进行了阐述,并在此基础上分析研究了舰艇反鱼雷技术的发展趋势。     

混凝土道路、堆场面层裂缝的产生与防治

从混凝土道路、堆场的各个结构层分析裂缝产生的原因,并针对性地说明预防措施,阐述裂缝维修方法。     

利比亚米苏拉塔市萨瓦瓦区5000套住宅项目中心区设计

从确定符合项目实际情况的设计原则入手,通过利比亚米苏拉塔市萨瓦瓦住宅区中心区总体布局和建筑设计两个方面的设计实践,探讨了"传统、现代与文脉"这一当今时代无法回避的文化议题。并且针对具有鲜明文化、宗教和气候特征的建筑设计的特点、方法与风格进行了总结,为今后的实践提供借鉴。     

Community-Based Management for Sustainable Fisheries Resources in Phang-nga Bay,Thailand

Fishing communities, the Government of Thailand Department of Fisheries, local nongovermnental organizations, universities, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), and FAO's Bay of Bengal Program have undertaken a partnership in management of Phang-nga Bay's coastal resources. It is the first project of its kind in Thailand, and although still in the early stages, offers insights that may contribute to our knowledge of how we can improve our management of coastal resources, including the importance of (1) building relationships within the governance process; (2) combining education, enforcement, and economic incentives to achieve compliance; (3) implementing solutions early; and (4) government support of community-based decisions. These insights reinforce trends emerging in other coastal management projects in the Asian region.