单壳油轮何去何从

按照规定,单壳油轮已经被逐步淘汰,而我们却还在2009年年未考虑淘汰所带来的影响,这看起来也许有点奇怪。有些人甚至会觉得,自己回到了五年前。那时候,这是一个重要的争论焦点,而围绕2010年这个期限尚有不少疑问。在2004年，这是任何重大海运会议都必定涉及的首要问题。事实上，我记得一位业界观察家好像评论说，     

单壳油轮淘汰进入倒计时

单壳油轮淘汰已经时目无多，按照2005年生效的（73／78防污公约》附则I修正案，我国和一些国家都在制定措施，加快淘汰单壳油轮。而如今席卷全球的金融危机，似乎也为单壳油轮的淘汰吹起了号角。     

VLCC运输市场前景展望

由于市场形势复杂多变，VLCC船东在制定未来数年的运力发展计划时要慎重。VLCC通常投入航程较长的航线营运，而国际规范是否能在2010年淘汰单壳油轮以及将有多少单壳油轮被淘汰仍然不确定。     

油轮双壳化的市场影响

目前多数业内人士预测，按照国际海事组织（IMO）拟定的时间表，单壳油轮将被逐渐淘汰，并最终退出石油运输领域。尤其在未来3年大量新造油轮投入运营的情况下，单壳油轮的前景更是不容乐观。然而现在有越来越多的迹象表明，相当一部分单壳油轮并未拆解，而是被改装成双壳油轮，在符合新规则的条件下继续营运。如果大量的单壳油轮改装为双壳油轮并因此而逃脱被淘汰的命运，无疑将导致油轮运力大幅增长。本文将结合单壳油轮的改装情况，分析这一现象对市场产生的影响。     

国际海事组织同意提前淘汰单壳体油船

国际海事组织（IMO）已同意加快淘汰单壳体油船的计划进程，该决定 将已经2001年4月召开的海上环境保护委员会（MEPC）第46次会议批准后生效。国际海事组织已重新拟订了淘汰5000载重吨以上单壳体油般的时间表。在经修订的国际防止船舶造成污染公约（MARPOL）13G条款中，将提出在2007年之前淘汰所有的I类油船（即在MARPOL生效前建造的油船），而些建有分隔压载舱（SBT）符合MARPOL要求的油船则视不同情况可允许运营至2015年或2017年。国际独立油船主协会（Intertanko）估计，在2003年1月1日至2011年1月1日期间，总共将有1．143亿载重吨油船需被拆解。     

单壳油轮淘汰是历史的必然

根据中国政府网报道，国务院总理温家宝于2009年2月11日召开国务院常务会议，审议并原则通过《船舶工业调整振兴规划》。规划中包括“加快老旧船舶报废更新和单壳油轮淘汰”。会议决定，“抓紧研究出台鼓励老旧船舶报废更新和单壳油轮强制淘汰政策”。2009年2月12日～13日，交通运输部直属海事系统工作会议在海口召开；会议布置今年的工作，包括“制定国内淘汰单壳油轮的措施”。于是，“加快单壳油轮淘汰”倍受关注。     

中国确定2010年淘汰单壳油轮

为减少和防止油品泄漏污染，我国原定于2015年之前淘汰国内航行的单壳油轮，但新的《关于提前淘汰国内航行单壳油轮实施方案》将5000载重吨以上的单壳油轮提前至2010年淘汰。此外，“自2010年1月1日起，新造600载重吨及以上国内航行油轮必须设置防污染双壳结构。”     

积极因素 市场信心逐渐恢复

<正>企业积极自救业内人士表示,"突如其来的经济危机,至少让全球老旧船淘汰进程提前了一年"。此前相关国际会议预测全球老旧船大规模淘汰可能在2010年开始,但金融危机迫使航运企业和船东提早行动起来。我国沉寂多年的拆船业迎来发展契机,这也从侧面反映了在     

2004年嘉兴内河水运港口事业发展成绩显著

2004年是浙江省嘉兴市“水运强市”工程实施的重要一年,也是三年淘汰水泥船工作的最后一年。综观2004年,嘉兴市内河水路货运量实现稳步增长,全年港口运输各项经济运行指标稳中有升,运力结构调整工作重心由淘汰水泥船顺利转移到淘汰钢质挂桨机船上来,水运经营主体素质不断提高。     

大型单壳VLCC改装专用矿砂船前后

改装项目的背景 近年来，单船壳油轮发生海难和海洋污染事件屡见不鲜，促使国际海事组织（IMO）加速了淘汰单船壳油轮的进程，海上环境保护委员会于2003年12月在英国伦敦召开的第50届会议，讨论通过了单船壳油轮的淘汰时间表，使大批单船壳油轮从2005年4月起陆续被强制停止营运。     

Rail infrastructure charging EU-directive,Swedish concerns and theory

The first railway package is being recast by the legislative bodies of the European Union. One point of departure in this paper is how Swedish agencies treat issues concerning marginal cost based charges, financing charges and allocation of scarce capacity and it discusses these issues from a welfare point of view, partly by use of theoretical modelling. It is seen here that the Swedish infrastructure manager (the Swedish Transport Administration) so far has no method for calculation of marginal costs as a base for charging, especially for costs of scarce capacity, and that the infrastructure manager is applying or discussing various methods for allocations of scarce track capacity. The EU-recast gives no guidance on principles for calculation of charges for scarce capacity, so we recommend the Swedish Transport Administration to develop such charges. The Administration seems to ignore important externalities that should be taken into consideration from a welfare point of view, with respect both to efficient charging and to allocation of scarce capacity. The analytical modelling part of the paper aims to derive these charges in principle, taking these externalities into account. If financing charges exceeding social marginal costs are applied, the model shows how to minimise the welfare loss of these increases. It also shows that financing charges should primarily be applied to market segments that cause large external costs from the operation of the train, where its customers have low valuation of wait time and delay time, where customers of other segments have high valuations of delay and where increased profits for other operators are induced.     

修船市场别样风景别样红

美国的次贷危机如推倒了多米诺骨牌般令各种经济问题鳞次栉比地一一显现，而经济全球化更加使这一牌局蔓延到每个角落、每个行业。今年以来，波罗的海航运指数（BDI）持续下滑，一举击穿2000点，与去年最高冲到11000点的势头不可同日而语。而航运直接影响着造船市场的走势，整个业界笼罩在重重疑云之中。在造船业踯躅迷途之际，修船市场却别有一番风景在上演。 正如世界上最大的船东组织——波罗的海国际海事公会（BIMCO）所表述的那样，世界修船能力正在出现短缺。许多船东越来越感到寻找合适的修船坞非常困难，而等待修船坞所需的时间较以往更长，修船成本因此增加。有船东抱怨，修船原本一两个月的等待，现在有的甚至要等上半年。日前，中东的一些修船厂已告诫船东，最好提早一到两年预订坞位。与船东方面的无奈抱怨相比，修船厂方面的消息更为掷地有声，全球范围内修船能力紧缺的状况已是不争的事实。     

失速点上湿压缩对于跨音速压气机转子性能的影响

In order to study the effects of wet compression on a transonic compressor,a full 3-D steady numerical simulation was carried out under varying conditions.Different injected water flow rates and droplet diameters were considered.The effect of wet compression on the shock,separated flow,pressure ratio,and efficiency was investigated.Additionally,the effect of wet compression on the tip clearance when the compressor runs in the near-stall and stall situations was emphasized.Analysis of the results shows that the range of stable operation is extended,and that the pressure ratio and inlet air flow rate are also increased at the near-stall point.In addition,it seems that there is an optimum size of the droplet diameter.     

正面吊作用下混凝土板规范计算厚度过大的原因探讨

大连港大窑湾港区6#和7#泊位集装箱堆场箱角间混凝土板厚按规范计算需40 cm,实际工程仅为20 cm.原设计不允许正面吊作业,实际正面吊进行了相当长时间作业后,混凝土板并未破坏.对铺面设计进行计算比较认为:混凝土板规范计算厚度过大的原因是刚性铺面下采用的土基回弹模量过小.     

Ship underwater noise assessment by the acoustic analogy. Part I: nonlinear analysis of a marine propeller in a uniform flow

The aim of this work is to analyze the hydroacoustic behavior of a marine propeller through the acoustic analogy and to test the versatility and effectiveness of this approach in dealing with the many (and relatively unexplored) issues concerning the underwater noise and its numerical prediction. In particular, a propeller in a noncavitating open water condition is examined here by coupling a Reynolds averaged Navier–Stokes hydrodynamic solver to a hydroacoustic code implementing different resolution forms of the Ffowcs Williams–Hawkings (FWH) equation. The numerical results suggest that unlike the analogous aeronautical problem, where the role played by the nonlinear quadrupole sources is known to be relevant just at high transonic or supersonic regime, the pressure field underwater seems to be significantly affected by the flow nonlinearities, while the contribution from the linear terms (the thickness and loading noise components) is dominant only in a spatially very limited region. Then, contrary to popular belief and regardless of the low blade rotational speed, a reliable hydroacoustic analysis of a marine propeller cannot put aside the contribution of the nonlinear noise sources represented by the turbulence and vorticity three-dimensional fields and requires the computation of the FWH quadrupole source terms.     

Economic impact of non-motorized transportation in Indian cities

Lack of a clear understanding regarding the economic impacts of non-motorized modes is a major reason why they are excluded from the transportation development agenda of cities in India. Keeping this aspect in mind the present study has been divided in to two parts. The first part tries to understand the non-motorized traffic evolution in India. It focuses on the declination of non-motorized modes, necessity to revamp it, the favorable conditions to promote them in India and the relative problems associated with it. It is found here that there is a necessity for defining the role of non-motorized modes in India for the viable implementation of infrastructure and policies related with it.     

Unsteady finite-depth effects during resistance tests on a ship model in a towing tank

This paper covers an extension of the study of Doctors et al. (J Ship Res 52(4):263–273, 2008) on oscillations in wave resistance during the constant-velocity phase of a towing-tank resistance test on a ship model to the case of relatively shallow water. We demonstrate here that the unsteady effects are very prominent and that it is essentially impossible to achieve a steady-state resistance curve in a towing tank of typical proportions for a water-depth-to-model-length ratio of 0.25. This statement is particularly true in the speed region near a depth Froude number of unity. However, on the positive side, we show here that an application of unsteady linearized wave-resistance theory provides an excellent prediction of the measured total resistance, when one accounts for the form factor in the usual manner. Finally, a simple application of the results to the planning and analysis of towing-tank tests is presented.     

船舶修理过程中的抗沉性探讨

文章通过对一个典型案例的分析,指出了船舶码头修理过程中导致船舶抗沉性不足的因素,提出了许多预防的措施和建议。并以此引起修造船界对船舶修理过程中抗沉性更多地关注,以及船舶工程师们更为详细地研究。     

潜艇损害管制的现状及发展趋势

主要分析了当前国内外潜艇损害管制的现状,介绍了国内外潜艇损管器材的配置情况、增强损害管制技术采取的措施、不同潜艇事故的应对措施以及当前国内外损管训练设施和损管训练的组织实施方法。最后,分析总结了国外在损害管制训练方面的优点。     

几种预测船舶电机故障的新方法

本文论述电机故障预测技术在船舶电机上应用的可能性和带来的潜在效益。介绍了三种电机故障特征识别的方法。导纳法是作者首先提出应用于船舶电机故障预测的。