港口物流企业过度价格竞争的解析与规划取向

为设计合理的价格机制，实现港口资源的优化配置，在回顾和评价港口物流企业过度价格竞争行为及规制政策实践的基础上进行全面的经济分析，并对港口价格规制改革提出综合性解决方案：加快企业民营化进程；在放松规制的同时重建规制；推进区域内邻近港口间的协同竞争关系；企业走差异化发展道路等。     

港口产业规制改革的原因和目标指向

由于港口产业的特殊经济属性，国际通行做法曾长期是由政府负责提供港口基础设施，并对港口企业的市场进退和定价等经营活动采取严格的直接规制政策。这种制度安排虽然反映了港口产业的某些特性，但也容易引起规制失灵。正是这些作为实践动力的规制失灵，和理论认识的发展、技术特征的变化等原因一起，共同导致了20世纪70年代以后世界范围内的港口产业规制改革浪潮，以放松规制为主要内容的规制改革正在彻底改变着港口产业的传统供给方式。     

日照港、连云港港竞争策略剖析

港口行业是国民经济的基础性产业,国内经济的活跃和对外开放程度的提高带动了我国港口业的迅速发展。文章以同在环渤海区域且有竞争关系的上市公司日照港、连云港港的发展和竞争状况进行对比,就港口的竞争策略提出建议。     

沿海港口经济贡献定量评价方法

港口经济是在一定区域范围内,由港口航道、临港产业、商贸物流业、休闲旅游业等多个产业有机结合而成的区域经济。文中以山东省北部某市为例,在我国产业结构调整的大背景下,结合山东省蓝黄两区发展规划,考虑该市港口及临港产业发展状况,同时借鉴国内外港口及临港产业的成功发展经验和经济贡献评价方法,运用投入产出模型对港口的经济贡献进行定量分析,并运用分析结果,对完善港口功能、实现港口可持续发展等方面提出建设性建议。     

基于体制竞争力的我国港口行政管理体制探讨

港口业属于城市公用事业，港口发展的最终目的并不在于强调港口产业的自身繁荣而是追求所在地区的经济发展。它具备自然垄断性产业的一般性质．同时还有自身的特殊性。港口行业既具备生产阶段引入竞争所需要的条件，又具备供给阶段进行垄断经营的基础，故港口的发展必须走政府主导下的市场化道路。如今，我国绝大部分港口已经建立了政企分开的港口管理体制．我国港口众多，基础和发展速度不一，     

浅谈新时期港口竞争形势及港口企业的发展对策

从港口竞争的区域和竞争的内容及形式上分析了港口竞争的变化,阐述了由此带来的港口企业发展战略的变化。并从加强与邻港合作、提高中转货物比例、发展物流产业和建立全球网络等4方面论述了上海港发展战略的现状及方向。     

港口产业集群与区域经济关系分析

介绍了港口产业集群的定义和内涵，通过分析港口产业集群对区域竞争力、区域品牌、资源以及经济增长等的影响，说明它对区域经济具有促进作用。同时也指出区域经济对港口产业集群的形成和发展中起了重要作用。     

国外港口整合情况及特点

各国港口积极整合 从世界港口业的发展来看,在经济全球化、一体化的时代,随着船运公司和货主的实力增强,港口之间的竞争也日趋激烈,港口已不再像过去那样具有较强的自然垄断力.为了应对海运业的重大变革,港口资源整合成为一种趋势,港口之间不是完全对立的关系,可以在一定条件下寻求共同利益.     

基于灰色关联分析法的港口物流与区域经济协同发展研究——以宁波-舟山港为例

区域经济合作推动了商品贸易的全球化发展,港口作为沟通海陆的信息中转站,其物流产业状况势必会对区域经济发展产生重大影响。为探究港口物流与区域经济的协同发展关系,本文以宁波-舟山港作为研究对象,通过选取2006年宁波港与舟山港"两港合一"后的港口货物吞吐量、集装箱吞吐量数据与城市各项经济指标进行灰色关联分析,发现生产总值、规模以上工业总产值与港口物流产业具有较高相关性,两者的关联度值均高于0.75,对于港口经济发展有明显的助推作用。由此,本文基于关联度分析结果与城市港口现状,针对性地提出相关发展建议。     

基于灰色关联分析和综合评价法的港口与产业发展关系研究*

日本濑户内海地区港口和城市发展对日本经济发展作用巨大,是港城协调发展的典型,值得关注和研究。为探究该地区港口与产业发展间的关系,以港口吞吐量和集装箱吞吐量表示地区港口发展状况,以从业人数和产业总产值表示地区产业发展状况,首先基于灰色关联分析法对各县港口与产业发展间的关系进行比较分析,总结归纳发展对策,为辽宁沿海经济带的港口与产业发展提供借鉴。然后,建立兼顾均衡性与功能性的综合评价模型,确定影响濑户内海地区产业发展水平的主要港口指标为港口吞吐量。最后,将其与其它评价模型进行比较,结果表明构建的综合评价模型与现实更吻合,能够更准确地对整个濑户内海地区的港口与产业发展关系进行综合评价研究。     

Port co-opetition in concept and practice

The port industry has undergone a rationalization process over the last decade. An increasing proportion of port management and operations is being taken over by global port operating groups. Many port operators who previously ran only their local business now extend their business scope to the regional or global scale; today's port operators can be regarded as multinational corporations. In the era of global economy, a port no longer enjoys a natural monopoly, as was the case in the past. To cope with this changing business environment, a certain form of competition and co-operation among ports is necessary so as to provide services that fit into shipping lines' strategies. It is suggested that ports have to concentrate on new ways for co-operation in an effort to establish a countervailing power. This paper proposes a new strategic option known as co-opetition , the combination of competition and co-operation, for the port industry, and explains a case of co-opetition between the container ports in Hong Kong and South China. The results of this research will provide a useful insight into the port industry, which is currently required to carry out its business in an ever-changing business environment.     

Port co-opetition in concept and practice

The port industry has undergone a rationalization process over the last decade. An increasing proportion of port management and operations is being taken over by global port operating groups. Many port operators who previously ran only their local business now extend their business scope to the regional or global scale; today's port operators can be regarded as multinational corporations. In the era of global economy, a port no longer enjoys a natural monopoly, as was the case in the past. To cope with this changing business environment, a certain form of competition and co-operation among ports is necessary so as to provide services that fit into shipping lines' strategies. It is suggested that ports have to concentrate on new ways for co-operation in an effort to establish a countervailing power. This paper proposes a new strategic option known as co-opetition, the combination of competition and co-operation, for the port industry, and explains a case of co-opetition between the container ports in Hong Kong and South China. The results of this research will provide a useful insight into the port industry, which is currently required to carry out its business in an ever-changing business environment.     

港口群系统的竞争合作与演变发展

阐述港口群系统从港口地域组合到港口运输体系的演变发展过程,形成各个港口地域组合之间既相互竞争又相互合作的关系,从而建立港口群系统整体发展的评价指标。通过对港口之间的协商博弈模型的分析,提出了有序管理港口群资源的运作模式。     

上海国际航运中心内港口的区域协同发展研究

上海洋山深水港的开港,浙江宁波舟山两港的一体化以及江苏8大港口的资源整合,使长三角港口群的竞争与合作关系成为各地政府和企业关注的重要课题。以聚合度这一重要的经济学指标回顾这一地区港口发展的历史情况,并以大量的数据和竞争情报分析来探讨三地港口发展的深层次矛盾,即各地大力发展港口产业的利益着眼点不一致。为了解决这一矛盾,使上海国际航运中心内港口群能够协同发展,不但需要在经济层面上照顾到各方面的利益,更重要的是如何对3个地区的港口进行科学的定位发展。     

集装箱港口竞合战略研究

世界集装箱港口呈现区域化发展和与竞争者合作的趋势。重点分析了现代集装箱港口业的各方压力和竞争态势;以香港和深圳港各集装箱码头为例,对港口间的"为了竞争而合作"的"竞合"战略的优势和组织方式进行了详细的研究。     

Competition model of cruise home ports based on the cruise supply chain – based on China cruise market

This paper addresses issues of cruise home port competition based on the cruise supply chain. A pricing model of the cruise market is developed considering the competitive cooperation behaviors of the participants in the cruise supply chain. Furthermore, a model of cruise home port competition is developed to investigate the impacts of subsidy participants in the cruise supply chain on cruise home ports. The results indicate that subsidy policies change the market equilibrium, promote the upstream and downstream integration of cruise supply chain, and enhance cruise home port competitiveness. Subsidies to cruise line increase the payoffs of cruise supply chain and ports’ profit. Subsidies to travel agency decrease passenger costs and improve all ports’ profits. For the long-term development of cruise home port, the consequents can be used as policy suggestions.     

The strategic role of ports in regional development: conceptualising the experience from Australia

Regional ports, as infrastructure in regions, influence transport and regional development policies and planning. The interaction and involvement of regional ports with their stakeholders in the region are pivotal. The conundrum on what constitutes a regional port and thus its region has further complicated this limited researched area. In the extant literature, port and region relationship mainly centres on major metropolitan ports, and pays little heed to regional ports. In this context, this study investigates on how the Australian regional ports can be better involved in regional development. The study adopts a qualitative methodology to explore the Australian regional port stakeholders’ perceptions on port’s role in regional development through 38 semi-structured telephone interviews. Thematic analysis of data assisted by a mixture of NVivo software and manual techniques proposes a conceptual model that may assist policy-making. The key findings suggest that symbiotic growths of ports and concerned regions accelerate regional development. To contribute to regional development, the Australian regional ports can be proactive in building collaboration with regional organisations. The findings have major implications for port managers and port policy-makers for developing a region-oriented long-term port planning and for creating environment for Australian regional ports for regional resource configuration.     

Marketing management at the world's major ports

Recent technological developments in maritime transport, particularly in container shipping and larger vessels, are having major repercussions at ports the world over. The latest wave of innovations has increased the level of competition in maritime transport, in particular in port activities. Shippers have many more alternatives available, something that tends to increase the hinterland of each port, precisely by reducing captive hinterlands. Ports are now generally moving towards formulas in which private initiative has a bigger role to play. Increases in competition combined with growth in private initiatives highlight the usefulness of marketing tools in two ways. Externally, because they help to achieve throughputs from remote points of origin and destination, and internally, by aiding the proper coordination of business and organizational activity at a commercial port. The present paper is a transversal study of the current situation of marketing and quality tools at major ports, including the opinions of a range of port commercial and marketing managers. We have also tried to describe the differentiated groups to be found at ports, as a useful methodology for identifying the nearest competition or ports with similar characteristics.     

Marketing management at the world's major ports

Recent technological developments in maritime transport, particularly in container shipping and larger vessels, are having major repercussions at ports the world over. The latest wave of innovations has increased the level of competition in maritime transport, in particular in port activities. Shippers have many more alternatives available, something that tends to increase the hinterland of each port, precisely by reducing captive hinterlands. Ports are now generally moving towards formulas in which private initiative has a bigger role to play. Increases in competition combined with growth in private initiatives highlight the usefulness of marketing tools in two ways. Externally, because they help to achieve throughputs from remote points of origin and destination, and internally, by aiding the proper coordination of business and organizational activity at a commercial port. The present paper is a transversal study of the current situation of marketing and quality tools at major ports, including the opinions of a range of port commercial and marketing managers. We have also tried to describe the differentiated groups to be found at ports, as a useful methodology for identifying the nearest competition or ports with similar characteristics.