IMO对GBS的审议进展

文中介绍了国际海事组织对基于目标的船舶建造标准（GBS）的审议背景和讨论进程,探讨了GBS60审核问题、船舶建造档案以及GHS与FsA的关系等热点问题,并对其发展趋势作出了展望。     

立足未来国际海事履约新基点——我国应及早应对“目标型标准”（GBS）的挑战

文中介绍了“目标型标准”（GBS）的由来、现状及其在国际海事界的发展趋势。通过列举MSC会议所通过的诸多决议案以及已经生效的SOLAS修正案等情况，从必然性角度阐述了GBS作为未来国际海事界履约新基点的观点，提出我国必须及早对其进行研究，以确保我国未来造船、航运在国际上的应有地位。此外，文中以欧盟SAFEDOR项目为例，介绍了国外先进海事国家在GBS方面所投入的巨大精力以及其产出，提出了我国为积极应对GBS可以开展的若干工作意见。     

信息技术（IT）对工程管理的影响

本文分析了信息技术(IT)对工程建设企业和工程项目管理模式的影响,阐明实现网状信息动态交流是实施项目集成化管理的关键。     

直接还原铁（C）海上运输安全监管的探讨

文中针对事故原因进行分析，提出加强载运直接还原铁（C）船舶的申报管理，严格审批程序，增加抵港前申报制度，建立评估机制，加大处罚力度，针对船员进行专业培训等安全监管措施.     

中海（海南）海盛船务股份有限公司

中海（海南）海盛船务股份有限公司（简称中海海盛），主要从事以海南省港口为主的国内沿海，近洋散装货物运输．长江中下游各港间货物（含液体危险品）水路运输服务，以及与之相关的仓储、贸易等业务。目前，公司拥有多家控股参股企业，分布在海南、上海、广州、深圳及香港地区：拥有散货、油轮、散装化学品及散装沥青运输船队，拥有船舶29艘，运力近65万载重吨，居海南省航运业龙头地位，是中国海运集团的主营船队之一。     

国务院通过《国内水路运输管理条例（草案）》

本刊从交通运输部获悉，《国内水路运输管理条例（草案）》于2012年9月26日通过国务院常务会议审议。会议审议通过的《国内水路运输管理条例（草案）》，着眼规范水路运输经营行为、维护运输市场秩序、保障运输安全，对从事水路运输经营活动应具备的条件和许可程序、经营者应遵守的行为规范、政府可采取的必要调控措施等作了规定。     

数据分发服务中的全局数据空间（GDS）的研究与设计

为了满足分布式系统实时、异步和松散耦合的通信需求,实现节点间主题信息的发布和订阅,在分析实时数据分发服务规范提出的＂全局数据空间＂概念基础上,提出了一种分布式的＂全局数据空间＂的设计方案。     

中国沿海（散货）运价指数波动分析

对中国沿海（散货）运价指数（CBFI）进行系统介绍，根据近8年来CBFI走势，总结CBFI运行的长短期特点，并通过对CBFI的长期跟踪，提出导致CBFI波动的主要因素是国内宏观经济、国际干散货运输市场、供求关系和油价。     

一类具有（m，r）-正交性的（g，f）-因子分解图

设g和f是定义在图G的顶点集合V(G)上的两个整数值函数。本文证明了如下结果：设r是一个正整数，G是一个(mg (m-1)r，mf)-图，1≤r≤m-1，且图中没有次数为mf的顶点。若对每个x∈V(G)均有g(x)≥r，H是G的有mr条边的子图，则G有(g，f)-因子分解与H(m，r)-正交。     

（g,f）-消去图的一个充分条件

设G是一个图,F是G的一个完全因子且ω（F）≥2,g和f是定义在V（G）上的两个整数值函数且对所有的x∈V（G）有0≤g（x）〈f（x）.证明了若对F的每个分支C，G—V（C）是（g,f）-消去图，则G本身也是（g,f）-消去图．     

安全水平法在SOLAS 救生艇结构强度衡准制定中的应用

本文将安全水平法应用于SOLAS第III章救生艇结构强度衡准的制定。主要采用综合安全评估对救生艇结构强度相关的功能性要求进行衡准的初步制定,从而得出需要的安全水平。基于强度衡准理论分析、实艇试验和事故数据分析相结合的方式评估了现有救生艇结构强度的安全水平,对衡准的合理性提出修改的建议。研究结果为安全水平法在船舶技术标准制定和安全水平评估方面的应用提供了实际案例和使用建议。     

Living with ships in distress

In November 2003 the IMO Assembly adopted Guidelines on Places of Refuge for Ships in Need of Assistance following a two-year deliberation period. The Guidelines were adopted in the wake of the highly publicized ERIKA, CASTOR and PRESTIGE incidents and at the same time as the European Union adopted a regional policy on places of refuge. This paper discusses the problem of places of refuge for ships in distress and analyses the IMO Guidelines adopted as a response to the problem. The paper concludes that the Guidelines constitute a practical modus vivendi for a non-resolvable problem. However, many legal questions remain unanswered and it is likely that the IMO will continue to be seized of the legal aspects of the problem into the future.     

The Mercator global ocean operational analysis system: Assessment and validation of an 11-year reanalysis

This paper presents Prototype Système 2 Global (PSY2G), the first Mercator global Ocean General Circulation Model (OGCM) to assimilate along-track sea level anomaly (SLA) satellite data. Based on a coarse resolution ocean model, this system was developed mainly for climatic purposes and will provide, for example, initial oceanic states for coupled ocean-atmosphere seasonal predictions. It has been operational since 3 September 2003 and produces an analysis and a two-week forecast for the global ocean every week. The PSY2G system uses an incremental assimilation scheme based on the Cooper and Haines [Cooper, M., Haines, K., 1996. Data assimilation with water property conservation. J. Geophys. Res., 101, 1059-1077.] lifting–lowering of isopycnals. The SLA increment is obtained using an optimal interpolation method then the correction is partitioned into baroclinic and barotropic contributions. The baroclinic ocean state correction consists of temperature, salinity and geostrophic velocity increments and the barotropic correction is a barotropic velocity increment. A reanalysis (1993–2003) was carried out that enabled the PSY2G system to perform its first operational cycle. All available SLA data sets (TOPEX/Poséïdon, ERS2, Geosat-Follow-On, Jason1 and Envisat) were assimilated for the 1993–2003 period. The major objective of this study is to assess the reanalysis from both an assimilation and a thermodynamic point of view in order to evaluate its realism, especially in the tropical band which is a key region for climatic studies. Although the system is also able to deliver forecasts, we have mainly focused on analysis. These results are useful because they give an a priori estimation of the qualities and capabilities of the operational ocean analysis system that has been implemented. In particular, the reanalysis identifies some regional biases in sea level variability such as near the Antarctic Circumpolar Current, in the eastern Equatorial Pacific and in the Norwegian Sea (generally less than 1 cm) with a small seasonal cycle. This is attributed to changes in mean circulation and vertical stratification caused by the assimilation methodology. But the model's low resolution, inaccurate physical parameterisations (especially for ocean–ice interactions) and surface atmospheric forcing also contribute to the occurrence of the SLA biases. A detailed analysis of the thermohaline structure of the ocean reveals that the isopycnal lifting–lowering tends to diffuse vertically the main thermocline. The impact on temperature is that the surface layer (0–200 m) becomes cooler whereas in deeper waters (from 500 to 1500 m), the ocean becomes slightly warmer. This is particularly true in the tropics, between 30°N and 30°S. However it can be demonstrated that the assimilation improves the variability in both surface currents and sub-surface temperature in the Equatorial Pacific Ocean.     

SHIPBUILDING IN CHINA

Major marine equipment research programme under deliberation;Shipbuilding technology evaluation index system to be established;CSSC merchant ships were wholly listed;CSIC plans to go listed this year;The new offshore pusher barge combination of the world largest deadweight successfully launched     

关于加快发展我国疏浚设备制造业的战略思考

我国江河湖泊众多,内河水系发达,海岸线漫长,随着国家现代化水平不断提高,市场需求的持续增长,水运业和港口业处于高速发展时期.由于对能源、原材料需求的大幅度增加、贸易量的不断扩大,对航运水道、港口码头等基础设施的需求也不断提高.因此,必须加快发展我国疏浚设备制造业.文章就此提出了加快发展的战略思考.     

论海事行政处罚自由裁量的限制

随着社会发展的专业化、技术化以及社会关系的复杂化,行政权的强化和扩张已经成为发展的趋势,这就必然要求行政自由裁量的扩张,但是这也必然导致行政处罚可能和法治精神的背离。根据授权,海事管理机构具有的海事行政处罚是一种较严厉的制裁性行政行为,其自由裁量权若被滥用必将侵犯行政相对人的权利,影响我国的航运事业的发展。本文对海事行政处罚自由裁量权存在的合理性、如何限制行政处罚自由裁量权的行使等方面加以探讨,以期有利于海事管理机构依法行政,切实保障行政相对人的合法权益,使航运更安全、使海洋更清洁,更好地为繁荣航运经济保驾护航。     

A Mean Dynamic Topography of the Mediterranean Sea computed from altimetric data, in-situ measurements and a general circulation model

In the Mediterranean Sea, where the mean circulation is largely unknown and characterized by smaller scales and less intensity than in the open ocean, the interpretation of altimetric Sea Level Anomalies (SLA) is rather difficult. In the context of operational systems such as MFS (Mediterranean Forecasting System) or MERCATOR, that assimilate the altimetric information, the estimation of a realistic Mean Dynamic Topography (MDT) consistent with altimetric SLA to be used to reconstruct absolute sea level is a crucial issue. A method is developed here to estimate the required MDT combining oceanic observations as altimetric and in-situ measurements and outputs from an ocean general circulation model (OGCM).In a first step, the average over the 1993–1999 period of dynamic topography outputs from MFS OGCM provides a first guess for the computation of the MDT. Then, in a second step, drifting buoy velocities and altimetric data are combined using a synthetic method to obtain local estimates of the mean geostrophic circulation which are then used to improve the first guess through an inverse technique and map the MDT field (hereafter the Synthetic Mean Dynamic Topography or SMDT) on a 1/8° resolution grid.Many interesting current patterns and cyclonic/anticyclonic structures are visible on the SMDT obtained. The main Mediterranean coastal currents are well marked (as the Algerian Current or the Liguro–Provenço–Catalan Current). East of the Sicily channel, the Atlantic Ionian Stream divides into several main branches crossing the Ionian Sea at various latitudes before joining at 19°E into a unique Mid-Mediterranean Jet. Also, strong signatures of the main Mediterranean eddies are obtained (as for instance the Alboran gyre, the Pelops, Ierapetra, Mersa-Matruh or Shikmona anticyclones and the Cretan, Rhodes or West Cyprius cyclones). Independent in-situ measurements from Sea Campaigns NORBAL in the North Balearic Sea and the North Tyrrhenian Sea and SYMPLEX in the Sicily channel are used to validate locally the SMDT: deduced absolute altimetric dynamic topography compares well with in-situ observations. Finally, the SMDT is used to compute absolute altimetric maps in the Alboran Sea and the Algerian Current. The use of absolute altimetric signal allows to accurately follow the formation and propagation of cyclonic and anticyclonic eddies in both areas.     

Interorganizational Considerations in Coastal Management: The 1976 California Legislative Experience

Abstract

Among coastal management programs, most states have found the question of appropriate administrative structure difficult to cope with. The dilemma of decision trade‐offs caused by the dual governmental needs of “efficiency”; and “representation”; has led to some alternative patterns of administration. For complex issues that transcend local boundaries, the choice between trade‐offs means adopting either (a) some form of consolidated bureaucracy or (b) some system of concurrent jurisdictions. Both alternatives have their inherent benefits and disadvantages but, considering the degree of environmental complexity and array of competing interests involved in coastal resource use, the most appropriate administrative form would seem to be concurrent control, as interagency reciprocal review promotes thoroughness and broad representation. Affected both by swings in political climate and by traditional reform politics, the case of California legislation represents a conscious deliberation over administrative alternatives. After experimenting with concurrent control under Proposition 20, California reversed its legislation in 1976 by mandating the consolidation of coastal management authority into existing bureaucratic line organizations and a reduction of the coastal agency after 1979 to a planning and advisory body.     

船用海水淡化技术发展现状与研究建议

分析介绍了船用海水淡化技术的发展现状,总结了国内外船用海水淡化的主要类型,着重介绍蒸馏和反渗透两种船用海水淡化装置的技术原理、性能特点以及具有代表性的生产厂商,比较这两种主要船用海水淡化技术的优缺点,推荐两种淡化技术在不同船舶上的应用选择,提出船用海水淡化技术的研究建议.