基于层次分析法的船闸通过能力影响因素研究

船闸通过能力是船闸工程的重要经济指标,其影响因素非常复杂。基于层次分析法与德尔菲法相结合的综合评价方法,对船闸通过能力影响因素进行系统研究,确定各因素对船闸通过能力影响的权重值。结果表明,对船闸通过能力影响较大的因素有船闸运行水位、船闸级数和线数、闸室有效尺度、各类船舶的尺度、船舶装载系数。研究成果可为类似工程提供参考。     

渔港海船闸通过能力的计算方法

船闸通过能力是确定船闸规模的重要因素。渔港海船闸大都处于复杂潮位条件下,合理的计算船闸的通过能力变得极为重要。基于船舶通航安全所需水深和潮汐情况,建立某潮水位累积频率下的实际潮位计算模型,同时将通过能力计算分为平潮期和非平潮期。其中对非平潮期通过能力的计算方法进行修正,考虑船舶在闸室内的移泊时间,同时引入"单元船舶(队)"概念,简化船型的选取和组合,使得一个闸次过闸船舶数的确定更方便、准确。平潮期通过能力计算基于船舶通航水深和潮汐特征,采取一定的船闸营运组织模式,考虑船闸营运组织模式对船舶通航的影响,同时考虑船闸的服务水平的影响,使计算结果更为合理。     

京杭运河台儿庄三线船闸通过能力及闸室尺度

船闸通过能力的确定应充分考虑货运量及船舶发展要求,以避免成为制约内河航运发展的瓶颈。通过对台儿庄船闸过闸货运量增长和船型现状及发展趋势的分析与预测,基于计算机模拟技术,获得设计水平年船闸一次过闸平均吨位和平均船舶艘次以及闸室利用率,分别计算京杭运河拟建台儿庄三线船闸采用不同闸室尺度时的通过能力,并复核已建船闸的通过能力,最后通过分析货运量预测值、船型发展及船闸节水等条件,选择科学、合理的船闸闸室尺度。     

适应通过能力发展需求的多线船闸输水系统设计与应用

针对通过能力日益增长背景下的多线船闸输水系统设计问题,以西江长洲枢纽四线船闸群为例,总结了不同阶段通过能力需求引起的船闸设计规模变化。针对二线船闸规模小、一线船闸闸室宽度大、三线四线船闸并列布置同步建设且规模巨大的特点,分别介绍了各船闸输水系统的设计理念。采用物理模型试验手段,提出了二线船闸采用消力槛强迫消能、一线船闸采用双明沟消能、三线四线船闸采用互通省水布置等创新成果,并通过原型观测验证了创新成果实效性。提出两条建议:多线船闸总体布局应将高等级船闸布置在河心侧、低等级船闸布置在河岸侧,输水系统设计应综合考虑地质条件、结构形式、水力指标等因素。     

基于MC计算机仿真的新夏港河船闸通过能力计算

船闸通过能力与日平均过闸次数、一次过闸吨位、年通航天数、船舶装载系数以及运量不均衡系数有关,在船闸运营过程中这些因素都存在一定的不确定性,对船闸通过能力的计算产生很大的影响。为消除不确定性因素的影响,采用基于MC法的计算机仿真研究船闸通过能力,并以新夏港河船闸年过闸货运量作为研究对象予以说明。运行结果表明,计算机仿真能够较好地应对不确定性问题,为船闸工程建设中船闸通过能力计算提供理论依据。     

基于随机排挡的船闸通过能力研究

建立船闸过闸简化模型,运用蒙特卡洛方法与二维装箱启发式算法相结合的随机仿真方法,对不同尺度船闸设计方案的通过能力进行计算,结合船闸通过能力的影响因素和定量计算结果进行分析讨论,论证和优选合理的设计方案。计算结果表明：采用船舶先到先服务策略时,同等宽度船闸的闸室利用率大致相同,一次过闸吨位指标随闸室长度扩大而增加;采用船舶优选服务策略时,一次过闸吨位指标较先到先服务策略计算指标略高,而平均待闸次数指标在船闸达到繁忙状态后呈单增趋势;L4船闸方案在船型适应能力、通过保证能力、服务质量水平等指标上均显示出优势;在随机排挡一次过闸吨位的基础上计算通过能力时,须结合船闸实际运营情况,合理确定规范公式参数。     

基于数据模拟水工结构设计

在水工结构设计工作中,计算船闸通过能力的关键在于确定一次过闸平均吨位和一次过闸平均时间,其准确性直接影响到设计结果。本文以江西某航电枢纽工程实践作为案例,基于计算机模拟技术,通过构建船舶过闸排挡模型,设计船闸设计通过能力计算方法。     

基于多种排挡策略的船闸通过能力仿真研究

传统船闸通过能力的计算基于简单手工排挡得到的主观结果,不能反映船舶随机到闸的动态过程,也未体现出船闸的服务水平。为了全面反映并合理评估船舶随机到闸和船闸运行调度对通过能力的影响,开展船闸通过能力仿真研究。根据航道内船型的比例自动生成船舶随机到达过程,采用最优配比排挡策略和顺序服务排挡策略进行调度,运用两个经典的运筹学模型(二维装箱问题和背包问题)进行过闸船舶的组合和一次过闸总吨位的计算。以此理论为支撑开发了船闸通过能力仿真计算软件,可较好地弥补现有计算方法的不足。     

长洲枢纽三线四线船闸平面布置研究

为保证西江黄金水道的畅通,提高长洲枢纽的通过能力,拟在长洲枢纽一线、二线船闸基础上增建三线、四线船闸。受枢纽河段地形条件的影响,三线四线船闸仅有长洲岛右缘和外江右侧台地可供布置。为判别两处位置的优劣,采用定床整体水工物理模型试验和遥控自航船模试验相结合的研究手段,对两处位置船闸布置通航条件进行了研究,分析了工程河段水流特性,研究了船闸上下游引航道口门区和连接段航道通航水流条件和船舶航行条件,确定三线、四线船闸合理可行的工程布置方案。     

具备开通闸条件的船闸通过能力计算参数分析

通过能力是确定船闸工程建设规模的主要因素,准确计算船闸通过能力意义重大。本文以丹金船闸为研究对象,当船闸具备开通闸运营条件时,对影响船闸通过能力的因素和参数进行了系统分析,对不同运营状态时的通过能力进行了计算比较;并提出了船闸工程建设的合理化建议,对于国内平原水网地区类似项目的建设及船闸标准规范的完善均有积极借鉴意义。     

第十二届深水操作会议和展览会(英文)

正November 4-6,2014Moody Gardens HotelConvention Center/Galveston,TX The Deepwater Operations Conference and Exhibition is celebrating its 12th anniversary this year.This growing event will continue the tradition of excellence in addressing operational challenges involved in developing deepwater resources.We will return to the Moody Gardens Hotel and Convention Center on November 5-7,2014 in Galveston,Texas.     

The 11th International Conference on Hydrodynamics (ICHD 2014)

正19–24 October 2014 SingaporeCONFERENCE THEMES The overall aim of the ICHD Conference is to provide a forum for participants from around the world to review,discuss and present the latest developments in the broad discipline of hydrodynamics and fluid mechanics.The first International Conference on Hydrodynamics(ICHD)was initiated in 1994 in Wuxi,China.Since then,9 more ICHD conferences were held subsequently in Hong Kong,Seoul,Yokohama,Tainan,Perth,Ischia,Nantes,Shanghai and St Petersburg.Evidently the ICHD conference has become an important event among academics,researchers,engineers and operators,working in the fields closely related to the science and technology of hydrodynamics.The 11th ICHD will be held in Singapore in 2014.     

33rd International Conference on Ocean,Offshore and Arctic Engineering （OMAE2014）

正San Francisco,California,June 8-13,2014.OMAE 2014 is the ideal forum for researchers,engineers,managers,technicians and students from the scientific and industrial communities from around the world to:·meet and present advances in technology and its scientific support;·to exchange ideas and experiences whilst promoting technological progress and its application in industry·to promote international cooperation in ocean,offshore and arctic engineering.In line with the tradition of excellence of previous OMAE conferences,more than 900 technical papers are planned for presentation.Outreach for Engineers Specialty Forum This Specialty Forum is designed for students and professionals who may not be familiar with the Ocean and Offshore industry,as well as those who have just recently specialized in this field.     

Catalyzing Coastal Management in Kenya and Zanzibar: Building Capacity and Commitment

Site-based projects were initiated in Chawka Bay-Paje, Zanzibar, and Nyali-Bamburi-Shanzu, Kenya, to demonstrate the benefits of an integrated coastal management (ICM) approach for addressing coastal issues such as tourism development and enhancement of resource-dependent village economies in eastern Africa. A two-year, multidonor project used three primary strategies to make rapid, but sustainable, progress toward ICM. These included using interagency government teams for ICM planning, adopting an internationally recognized framework for ICM as a project ''road map,'' and explicitly incorporating capacity-building strategies into all aspects of the project. Within two years, integrated ICM action strategies, prepared through participatory processes, were being implemented at both sites, and both teams were working to expand the scale and scope of ICM in their nation. More importantly, the project helped create committed, capable, interagency groups that continue to work together to address urgent ICM issues.     

A simplified method for reliability- and integrity-based design of engineering systems and its application to offshore mooring systems

This paper presents a simplified method for the reliability- and the integrity-based optimal design of engineering systems and its application to offshore mooring systems. The design of structural systems is transitioning from the conventional methods, which are based on factors of safety, to more advanced methods, which require calculation of the failure probability of the designed system for each project. Using factors of safety to account for the uncertainties in the capacity (strength) or demands can lead to systems with different reliabilities. This is because the number and arrangement of components in each system and the correlation of their responses could be different, which could affect the system reliability. The generic factors of safety that are specified at the component level do not account for such differences. Still, using factors of safety, as a measure of system safety, is preferred by many engineers because of the simplicity in their application. The aim of this paper is to provide a simplified method for design of engineering systems that directly involves the system annual failure probability as a measure of system safety, concerning system strength limit state. In this method, using results of conventional deterministic analysis, the optimality factors for an integrity-based optimal design are used instead of generic safety factors to assure the system safety. The optimality factors, which estimate the necessary change in average component capacities, are computed especially for each component and a target system annual probability of system failure using regression models that estimate the effect of short and long term extreme events on structural response. Because in practice, it is convenient to use the return period as a measure to quantify the likelihood of extreme events, the regression model in this paper is a relationship between the component demands and the annual probability density function corresponding to every return period. This method accounts for the uncertainties in the environmental loads and structural capacities, and identifies the target mean capacity of each component for maximizing its integrity and meeting the reliability requirement. In addition, because various failure modes in a structural system can lead to different consequences (including damage costs), a method is introduced to compute optimality factors for designated failure modes. By calculating the probability of system failure, this method can be used for risk-based decision-making that considers the failure costs and consequences. The proposed method can also be used on existing structures to identify the riskiest components as part of inspection and improvement planning. The proposed method is discussed and illustrated considering offshore mooring systems. However, the method is general and applicable also to other engineering systems. In the case study of this paper, the method is first used to quantify the reliability of a mooring system, then this design is revised to meet the DNV recommended annual probability of failure and for maximizing system integrity as well as for a designated failure mode in which the anchor chains are the first components to fail in the system.     

含裂纹钢板复合材料修补强度和刚度数值分析

用ANSYS有限元分析软件对复合材料补片修复含边裂纹和中心裂纹钢板的强度和刚度进行了数值分析.引入相对刚度的概念,研究了钻有止裂孔裂纹的长度对损伤钢板相对刚度的影响,分析了损伤钢板刚度复合材料贴片修补效果;引入屈服载荷提高率的概念,分析了损伤钢板强度的修复效果.     

混凝土道路、堆场面层裂缝的产生与防治

从混凝土道路、堆场的各个结构层分析裂缝产生的原因,并针对性地说明预防措施,阐述裂缝维修方法。     

舰艇反鱼雷技术

对目前舰艇反鱼雷技术中的非杀伤、软杀伤和硬杀伤等比较先进的手段进行了阐述,并在此基础上分析研究了舰艇反鱼雷技术的发展趋势。     

利比亚米苏拉塔市萨瓦瓦区5000套住宅项目中心区设计

从确定符合项目实际情况的设计原则入手,通过利比亚米苏拉塔市萨瓦瓦住宅区中心区总体布局和建筑设计两个方面的设计实践,探讨了"传统、现代与文脉"这一当今时代无法回避的文化议题。并且针对具有鲜明文化、宗教和气候特征的建筑设计的特点、方法与风格进行了总结,为今后的实践提供借鉴。     

Community-Based Management for Sustainable Fisheries Resources in Phang-nga Bay,Thailand

Fishing communities, the Government of Thailand Department of Fisheries, local nongovermnental organizations, universities, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), and FAO's Bay of Bengal Program have undertaken a partnership in management of Phang-nga Bay's coastal resources. It is the first project of its kind in Thailand, and although still in the early stages, offers insights that may contribute to our knowledge of how we can improve our management of coastal resources, including the importance of (1) building relationships within the governance process; (2) combining education, enforcement, and economic incentives to achieve compliance; (3) implementing solutions early; and (4) government support of community-based decisions. These insights reinforce trends emerging in other coastal management projects in the Asian region.