ΠMM-2自行舟桥水上展开的动力学研究

ΠMM-2自行舟桥属于典型的浮基多体系统,研究将齐次矩阵方法引入浮基多体系统动力学分析,计算了ΠMM-2自行舟桥静水中展开的横摇响应.     

ⅡMM-2自行舟桥水上展开的动力学研究

ⅡMM-2自行舟桥属于典型的浮基多体系统,研究将齐次矩阵方法引入浮基多体系统动力学分析,计算了ⅡMM-2自行舟桥静水中展开的横摇响应。     

滚装重荷载应急卸载过程的浮基多体系统动力学分析

在救灾和战争等非常情况下，利用中小型近海滚装渡轮或改装后的渔轮渡海输送重荷载，具有可征用船只数量多和装卸载不依赖吊装设备等优点。缺乏港口屏蔽的海浪环境中重荷载进行滚动卸载时，必须考虑波浪对船的作用和重荷载与船的相互作用。本文通过对船在波浪中所受表观重力和表观浮力的分析，导出波浪作用力矩的计算公式。运用浮基多体系统动力学方法，建立波浪-浮基-重荷载系统的动力学方程。使用标准的龙格-库塔四阶方法进行数值积分求解。考虑海况、船型和重荷载在船上运动参数等因素，计算了各工况下的横摇运动响应。进而给出了重荷载安全快速卸载的驾驶操作要求及相关运动规律。     

船载登陆栈桥系统卸载时的横摇响应计算

在无码头的情况下,利用集装箱船改装后的渡海输送登陆栈桥系统,具有装卸载不依赖吊装设备的优点,使登陆栈桥系统能够迅速展开和拼装.在缺乏港口屏蔽的海浪环境中,登陆栈桥系统进行卸载,必须考虑波浪对船的作用和登陆栈桥系统与船的相互作用.利用浮基多体系统动力学方法,考虑海况、船型和登陆栈桥系统在船上运动参数等因素,计算了各工况下的横摇运动响应,进而给出了登陆栈桥系统安全卸载的操作要求,对集装箱船改装可行性提供了理论支持.     

甲板上浪时船舶在横浪中的随机跳跃

基于概率理论和非线性动力学方法研究随机横浪中甲板上浪船舶的随机跳跃.应用随机Melnikov均方准则初步划分了船舶发生随机跳跃的参数区域后,由路径积分法求解横摇运动微分方程,得到船舶横摇响应的联合概率密度函数.通过概率密度函数的形状和庞加莱截面判定船舶横摇运动的随机跳跃,并由时间历程进一步验证了结论的可靠性.研究表明,有甲板上浪时船舶横摇响应的联合概率密度函数有两个峰,船舶运动过程有两个可能的横摇状态.在非混沌参数区域中,这两个峰不相通,船舶运动只实现其中的一个状态而不发生跳跃.在混沌参数域中,当波浪激励达到一定强度时,这两个峰相通,船舶运动在这两个状态间随机跳跃,这将引发船舶的不稳定运动甚至导致倾覆.     

船舶超谐共振响应运动

由于船舶阻尼系数和恢复力矩的非线性，船舶大幅运动时横摇和纵摇耦合。各类船舶的纵摇固有频率接近横摇固有频率的两倍，存在基于动力学理论的2；1的内共振关系。本文考虑大幅波浪激励，建立了船舶横摇与纵摇耦合的非线性运动方程，针对纵摇和横摇频率存在2：1内共振关系以及波浪遭遇频率Ω等于1／4倍纵摇固有频率，采用多惊讶方法，求出了运动方程的摄动解，得到了横摇与纵摇超谐运动的时间历程响应，分析了产生超谐共振的条件。研究表明，在大幅波浪激励下，船舶将出现超谐共振响应，其运动特征是：横摇运动和纵摇运动均为两个不同频率谐波的迭加。横摇响应包括波浪遭遇频率谐波和横摇固有频率谐波；纵摇包括波浪遭遇频率谐波和纵摇固有频率谐波。两个谐波响应的迭加，使横摇和纵摇运动响应显著增加，并且横摇运动不再左右对称，针对算例进行了超谐运动响应计算，计算结果与本文的理论分析结论完全吻合。     

二维浮式结构物与完全非线性波相互作用数值分析

基于粘流理论、流固耦合理论和自由液面追踪技术——VOF(Volume of Fluid)法,以不可压缩流体的连续方程和N-S方程及结构动力学方程为基本控制方程,利用商用软件ANSYS Workbench的二次开发功能,建立了粘性数值波浪水池,数值模拟了完全非线性波的生成,计算分析了二维浮式结构物遭遇波浪的完全非线性现象,得到了甲板上浪水位高度和结构物的纵摇、垂荡、横摇等运动响应。结果表明:文中的方法可以用于波浪与浮式结构物相互作用的完全非线性数值模拟.     

三体船横摇模型试验及其特性分析

三体船在波浪中的横摇特性和优点是三体新船型研发的技术支撑,采用模型试验和理论分析相结合的方法,对三体船横摇运动特性进行探讨。开展三体船静水横摇、正横浪零速波浪横摇模型试验,得出三体船线性、非线性阻尼假设下的横摇阻尼、频率响应和周期。通过横摇响应曲线的分析和对比,得出三体船不同侧体位置下波浪中横摇附加惯量、阻尼和运动响应、周期特性,以及侧体位置对以上各横摇特性影响的规律。研究表明：三体船横摇阻尼远大于常规单体船,而横摇运动幅值响应远小于常规单体船;侧体的横位置对三体船横摇具有显著影响,侧体纵向位置对横摇影响很小。综合考虑运动响应和横摇周期,在不规则波中三体船的横摇比常规单体船缓和得多。     

内河滚装船车辆系固计算方法

为对内河水域滚装船车辆系固的安全性进行评估,考虑船舶运动参数的影响,对滚装船车辆所受重力、风力、惯性力、摩擦力及绑索拉力进行了分析,在此基础上提出了滚装船车辆受力计算的10种典型状态,通过实船算例得出最危险计算状态及计算公式。研究表明,滚装船车辆应分析船舶横摇、纵摇及垂荡联合作用下车辆失重状态,进而评估绑索载荷与系固安全性。     

海上舰船横摇运动数学建模

为了研究船舶结构横摇动力学特性,提高船舶航行安全性,本文采用多体动力学方法,建立船舶横摇动力学模型,并给出船舶航行载荷的积分变换方法。通过采用Matlab软件编程计算,得到船身横摇动力学响应。同时计算结果与实际情况吻合较好,可为船舶结构设计提供参考。     

Dynamic analysis of multibodies system with a floating base for rolling of ro-ro ship caused by wave and slip of heavy load

Common effect of wave and slip of internal heavy load will make rolling of the roll-on ship serious. This is one of the important reasons for overturn of ro-ro ships. The multibodies System with a floating base is composed of ro-ro ship and slipping heavy load. This paper takes the rolling angle of the ship and the transverse displacement of the heavy load on desk as two freedoms. Making use of analysis of apparent gravitation and apparent buoyaney, the wave rolling moment is derived. By use of dynamic method of multibodies system with a floating base, dynamic equations of the system are established. Taking a certain channel ferry as an example, a set of numerical calculation have been carried out for rolling response of the ship and displacement response of the slipping heavy load under common effect of synchro-slipping heavy loads and wave.     

Numerical simulation of the spreading dynamic responses of the multibody system with a floating base

To simulate the dynamic responses of the multibody system with a floating base when the upper parts spread with a certain sequence and relative speed, the homogeneous matrix method is employed to model and simulate a four-body system with a floating base and the motions are analyzed when the upper parts are spread sequentially or synchronously. The rolling, swaying and heaving temporal variations are obtained when the multibody system is under the conditions of the static water along with the wave loads and the mean wind loads or the single pulse wind loads, respectively. The moment variations of each joint under the single pulse wind load are also gained. The numerical results showed that the swaying of the floating base is almost not influenced by the spreading time or form when the upper parts spread sequentially or synchronously, while the rolling and the heaving mainly depend on the spreading time and forms. The swaying and heaving motions are influenced significantly by the mean wind loads. The single pulse wind load also has influences on the dynamic responses. The torque of joint 3 and joint 4 in the single pulse wind environment may be twice that in the windless environment when the system spreads with 60 s duration.     

浮基多体系统展开动力响应的数值模拟（英文）

To simulate the dynamic responses of the multibody system with a floating base when the upper parts spread with a certain sequence and relative speed, the homogeneous matrix method is employed to model and simulate a four-body system with a floating base and the motions are analyzed when the upper parts are spread sequentially or synchronously. The rolling, swaying and heaving temporal variations are obtained when the multibody system is under the conditions of the static water along with the wave loads and the mean wind loads or the single pulse wind loads, respectively. The moment variations of each joint under the single pulse wind load are also gained. The numerical results showed that the swaying of the floating base is almost not influenced by the spreading time or form when the upper parts spread sequentially or synchronously, while the rolling and the heaving mainly depend on the spreading time and forms. The swaying and heaving motions are influenced significantly by the mean wind loads. The single pulse wind load also has influences on the dynamic responses. The torque of joint 3 and joint 4 in the single pulse wind environment may be twice that in the windless environment when the system spreads with 60 s duration.     

随机横浪中甲板上浪船舶的倾覆研究

应用相空间转移率,定量研究了随机海浪中甲板上浪船舶的倾覆,给出了甲板上浪对船舶抗倾覆能力的影响.综合考虑非线性阻尼、非线性恢复力矩和随机横浪激励,建立了无甲板上浪和有甲板上浪时船舶随机非线性横摇运动的一般方程.以一艘倾覆的拖网船为例,分别求解了无甲板上浪和有甲板上浪时,不同海况激励下船舶横摇的相对相空间转移率.以相空间转移率作为船舶稳性损失的度量,定量比较了两种情况下船舶的抗倾覆能力.研究表明,甲板上浪后,船舶在较低的海况下会产生较大的相对相空间转移率,甲板上浪严重降低船舶的抗倾覆能力,从理论上进一步揭示了甲板上浪船舶的倾覆机理.     

Research on the dynamic buckling of a typical deck grillage structure subjected to in-plane impact Load

The dynamic buckling of the main deck grillage would result in the total collapse of the ship hull subjected to a far-filed underwater explosion. This dynamic buckling is mainly due to the dynamic moment of the ship hull when the ship hull experiences a sudden movement under impact load from the explosion. In order to investigate the ultimate strength of a typical deck grillage under quasi-static and dynamic in-plane compressive load, a structure model, in which the real constrained condition of the deck grillage was taken into consideration, was designed and manufactured. The quasi-static ultimate strength and damage mode of the deck grillage under in-plane compressive load was experimentally investigated. The Finite Element Method (FEM) was employed to predict the ultimate strength of the deck grillage subjected to quasi-static in-plane compressive load, and was validated by comparing the results from experimental tests and numerical simulations. In addition, the numerical simulations of dynamic buckling of the same model under in-plane impact load was performed, in which the influences of the load amplitude and the frequency of dynamic impact load, as well as the initial stress and deflection induced by wave load on the ultimate strength and failure mode were investigated. The results show that the dynamic buckling mode is quite different from the failure mode of the structure subjected to quasi-static in-plane compressive load. The displacements of deck edge in the vertical direction and the axial displacements are getting larger with the decrease of impact frequency. Besides, it is found that the dynamic buckling strength roughly linearly decreased with the increase of initial proportion of the static ultimate strength P₀. The conclusions drawn from the researches of this paper would help better designing of the ship structure under impact loads.     

客滚码头港口作业过程中的危险因素及事故预防措施

针对我国客运滚装码头的港口作业安全现状及发展趋势，就作业过程中可能出现的安全问题，如旅客落水淹溺、车辆碰撞、夹带危险化学品进出港区、船舶靠离泊事故、恐怖分子蓄意破坏等，进行危险因素分析和辨识，提出相应的应对措施，最大限度地保证客滚码头安全运营。     

基于BP神经网络的客滚船营运风险评估

随着客滚船运输行业的兴起,客滚船的营运安全日益受到各方面的关注。文中利用BP神经网络评价方法,由人、船、环境、管理四要素所构成的客滚船营运风险进行评估,最终确定某客滚船具体航次的营运风险。经过验证,基于BP神经网络客滚船营运风险评估方法与实际相符,为客滚船风险评估提供一条新的途径。     

Investigations of vehicle securing without lashings for Ro-Ro ships

To reduce the area on deck occupied by each car and the labour and time required for lashing and unlashing cars, it has been proposed by the author that in some conditions, cars on decks could be transported without lashing. To evaluate cargo securing based on this “lashing-free” concept, computational code was developed to calculate the vehicle–deck interactions for various ship motions. The code was structured by incorporating a vehicle model into a piece of ship motion calculation code. A series of time-domain simulations were conducted to evaluate vehicle securing. It was found that for a target ship consisting of a 6000-unit Ro-Ro vessel, vehicle securing is mainly influenced by the ship's rolling motions and is highly dependent on the wave height and loading conditions. It was suggested from the analysis that vehicles could be secured without being lashed in a large area of the ship in specific weather conditions and on some routes with less adverse sea states. However, it is still suggested that conventional lashing holes should be constructed on the deck because in severe sea states the cars will still need to be lashed. The limitations of the current investigations are also presented. The relevant research work was carried out at the Division of Ship Design and Engineering, Department of Shipping and Marine Technology, Chalmers University of Technology.     

砰击载荷作用下双体船强度计算方法研究

舰船的砰击载荷与结构响应的研究一直备受关注.对于双体船来说,砰击按部位可分为底部砰击、外飘砰击和甲板上浪,和连接相邻船体的甲板下侧,即湿甲板砰击.目前对于双体船的砰击计算还不完善,因此对于该船型的砰击研究十分必要.本文分别利用规范计算和直接计算的方式,对砰击载荷作用下双体船强度影响进行研究.规范计算主要基于中国船级社规范计算砰击载荷,直接计算则是通过线性势流理论预报船波相对速度,借助相关规范确定砰击压力系数,实现砰击载荷的直接计算.通过有限元软件加载计算,分析比较2种载荷计算方法对双体船强度的影响,以指导砰击载荷作用下双体船局部结构的设计实践.