整体式液货舱沥青船温度场及温度应力分析

摘要：基于导热分析基本理论,利用MSC PATRAN／NASTRAN有限元计算软件,分析了3800吨级沥青船载运高温液货时液货舱的稳态温度场,并在此基础上对船体结构进行了温度应力校核,同时还对不同的绝缘层敷设方案给船体结构强度带来的影响作了分析。     

LNG加注船液货舱区域温度场有限元分析

以6000m³ C型独立式液货舱液化天然气(Liquefied Natural Gas,LNG)加注船为研究对象,利用Patran软件的热分析模块,使用有限元法对液货舱区域温度场进行数值模拟。计算过程主要考虑传导和对流,对计算模型加以合理简化,根据热力学理论计算出热对流换热系数,使用Patran软件建模并进行有限元计算,得出温度场。根据温度场分布,可确立钢材等级,为液货舱区域船体结构钢板的选材提供指导。     

双壳化学品船温度场及其热应力分析

以3800DWT化学品船为研究对象,基于ANSYS有限元软件,研究了该船的船体结构稳态温度场及其热应力.在文中,首先建立了化学品船舱段结构温度场及热应力分析的三维有限元分析模型,计算了满载工况下液货舱的温度场,在此基础上对船体结构进行了结构应力评估,最后比较了装载不同温度液货时船体的热应力.     

B型独立液货舱LNG船的温度场分布

以170 000m~3 B型独立液货舱LNG船为研究对象,基于热力学方法,通过液货舱传热模型的合理简化及流换热系数的数值迭代计算,针对该B型独立液货舱LNG船进行稳态温度场分析。依据温度场分布进行货舱区船体结构钢级选择,并进一步研究外界环境温度和装载工况对整个货舱区船体温度场分布的影响,从而为B型独立液货舱以及类似LNG船液货舱结构设计提供指导。     

B型独立液货舱LNG船的温度场分布

本文以170000m3B型独立液货舱LNG船为研究对象，基于热力学方法，通过对液货舱传热模型合理简化和对流换热系数的数值迭代计算，针对该B型独立液货舱LNG船进行稳态温度场分析，依据温度场分布进行货舱区船体结构钢级选择，并进一步研究外界环境温度以及装载工况对整个货舱区船体温度场分布的影响，从而为B型独立液货舱以及类似LNG船液货舱结构设计提供指导。     

单壳双底货船舱段结构瞬态温度场和热应力

某些货船直接装载高温货物，在运载过程中货物温度逐渐降低。此类货物和船体构件温度分布可认为是瞬态温度场。本文研究了单壳双底货船舱段结构瞬态温度场和热应力。首先分别建立了适用于温度场和热应力分析的舱段计算模型，其次运用通用非线性有限元程序ABAQUS对其进行了温度场和热应力的数值分析，得到了单壳双底货船舱段结构瞬态温度场和热应力的分布规律。另外，运用简化解析方法对货舱段瞬态温度场进行了分析，并与有限元数值计算结果做了比较。结果表明，基于简化的解析分析可用于设计初期结构温度场的评估。     

C型LNG船货舱区温度场分析

C型液化天然气(Liquefied Natural Gas,LNG)船货舱区的温度场计算通常采用简化一维传热计算方法,计算精度差,难以准确地确定货舱区船体结构温度场分布,从而影响货舱区结构材料级别选取的准确性。对此,根据C型LNG船货舱区的传热特点,介绍基于热传导、热对流和热辐射等3种传热方式的三维有限元温度场计算,并以某3000m~3 C型LNG船为例,比较在极端环境下采用简化传热计算方法和三维有限元传热计算方法得到的计算结果,发现采用三维有限元传热计算方法得到的温度场计算结果可体现整个货舱区各区域的温度场变化,可为准确选取结构材料级别提供依据。     

C型LNG液罐与船体的连接结构研究

针对中小型LNG运输船C型液罐与船体的连接结构,从结构形式、温度场分布、强度分析校核三方面进行了分析和研究。对液罐鞍座处船体结构的温度场分析采用了不同的方法进行计算和对比。对液罐限位装置强度问题应用有限元计算软件,进行了连接结构和船体支持结构的强度分析。研究表明:连接结构和船体支撑结构的设计很好地将其温度和构件厚度控制在规范允许范围之内,避免采用特殊钢材,满足实际工程需求。这些结论对C型液货舱的设计具有一定的指导意义。     

新型液化天然气船液货围护系统传热模型及蒸发率计算

分析了一艘170000m3新型液化天然气船的船体结构,通过合理和必要的简化,建立了液货围护系统的传热模型。分别使用解析方法和ANSYS Fluent软件数值模拟方法计算了在不同绝热层厚度条件下的液货舱漏热量,得到不同条件下液货围护系统的温度场分布情况以及液货蒸发率。得出以下结论:综合考虑两种计算方法的计算结果,为了满足在不同工况下航行时液货的日蒸发率不能超过0.1%的要求,绝热层的设计厚度应不小于450mm。     

中小型LNG船货罐鞍座及附近船体材料分布研究

C型独立液货罐是中小型LNG船的主要液舱形式,属于半冷半压式容器。由于贮存LNG的液货罐处于低温状态,且因与船体相连的鞍座支撑,在鞍座及附近船体上就会形成温度梯度,故有必要对鞍座及附近船体结构进行温度场分析,以确定其材料分布。提出了对该C型独立液货罐鞍座及其附近船体结构热分析的方法,认为鞍座及其附近船体处在低温液货、海水与空气3种流体介质中,通过船体与3种流体的对流换热及其与层压木之间的热传导达到热平衡。借助ANSYS有限元软件,给出有限元热分析模型的简化和对流载荷的施加方法,以确定鞍座及其附近船体结构的温度场分布,结合材料的最低许用设计温度确定鞍座及附近船体结构材料的合理分布,以防止材料发生低温脆性破坏,并给出具体实例。     

Ultimate strength analysis of a bulk carrier hull girder under alternate hold loading condition,Part 2: Stress distribution in the double bottom and simplified approaches

This is the second of two companion papers dealing with nonlinear finite element modelling and ultimate strength analysis of the hull girder of a bulk carrier under Alternate Hold Loading (AHL) condition. The methodology for nonlinear finite element modelling as well as the ultimate strength results from the nonlinear FE analyses was discussed in the companion paper (Part 1). The purpose of the present paper is to use the FE results to contribute towards developing simplified methods applicable to practical design of ship hulls under combined global and local loads. An important issue is the significant double bottom bending in the empty hold in AHL due to combined global hull girder bending moment and local loads. Therefore, the stress distributions in the double bottom area at different load levels i.e. rule load level and ultimate failure load level are presented in detail. The implication of different design pressures obtained by different rules (CSR-BC rules and DNV rules) on the stress distribution is investigated. Both (partially) heavy cargo AHL and fully loaded cargo AHL are considered. Factors of influence of double bottom bending such as initial imperfections, local loads, stress distribution and failure modes on the hull girder strength are discussed. Simplified procedures for determination of the hull girder strength for bulk carriers under AHL conditions are also discussed in light of the FE analyses.     

138000m^3薄膜式LNG运输船温度场及其热应力分析

对一艘138 000m3薄膜式LNG运输船的液货舱热维护系统进行了稳态传热分析.计算获得了在8种工况下船体各部分的温度分布,在此基础上对船体结构进行了热应力分析.通过分析比较满载航行工况下的结构应力和温度应力,得出了一些有指导意义的结论.     

Ultimate strength of container ships subjected to combined hogging moment and bottom local loads,Part 2: An extension of Smith's method

This paper is the second of two companion papers concerning the ultimate hull girder strength of container ships subjected to combined hogging moment and bottom local loads. The nonlinear finite element analysis in Part 1 has shown that local bending deformation of a double bottom due to bottom lateral loads significantly decreases the ultimate hogging strength of container ships. In this Part 2, extending Smith's method for pure bending collapse analysis of a ship's hull girder, a simplified method of progressive collapse analysis of ultimate hogging strength of container ships considering bottom local loads is developed. The double bottom is idealized as a plane grillage and the rest part of the cross section as a prismatic beam. An average stress-average strain relationship of plate/stiffened plate elements employed in Smith's method is transformed into an average stress-average plastic strain relationship, and implemented in the conventional beam finite element as a pseudo strain hardening/softening behaviors. The extended Smith's method is validated through a comparison with nonlinear finite element analysis.     

万箱集装箱船典型货舱结构极限承载能力计算

随着世界货运量的需求增加,集装箱船的大型化发展从未停止。近十年内,有2艘大型集装箱船先后在海上遭到极端载荷而丧失结构承载能力以致发生灾难性毁坏,给航运界敲响了警钟。为了避免今后大型集装箱船再次遭遇上述严重事故,保证营运中使用的安全性和航行时结构的可靠性,国际船级社协会专门针对集装箱船的规范要求进行修改,提高了载荷设计值,并且要求评估典型货舱结构的极限承载能力。本文针对万箱集装箱船典型货舱结构,基于逐步破坏法和有限元法,计算了垂向和水平方向的极限弯矩。结果表明,在初步设计阶段逐步破坏法有着快速高效的优势,但是考虑到载荷变化的多样性和船体结构的复杂性,还是需要应用非线性有限元法进行建模计算,给出最终评估结果。     

45万吨级超大型矿砂船全船结构有限元分析

超大型矿砂船由于船体结构的特殊性和船体本身的超大型化,使船体强度校核很难用常规规范中的梁理论方法或舱段有限元计算确定.在研究超大型矿砂船全船分析的基础上,探讨了超大型矿砂船全船结构有限元模型和质量模型的建模方法、波浪载荷和舱内货物载荷计算方法及解决全船载荷动态平衡的惯性平衡处理技术.以一条45万吨级的超大型矿砂船为例,完整实现了全船有限元分析全过程,计算出各个工况下的船体变形和应力,对正确地进行超大型矿砂船全船结构强度直接计算具有指导作用.     

考虑液舱内部水动力的FPSO波浪载荷研究

为研究液舱内液货自由面水动力效应对船体波浪载荷及船体运动的影响,基于一艘15万吨FPSO,选取液货舱原始布置形式下两种典型装载工况以及一组具有不同长度中部半载液舱的FPSO液舱分布模型,分别采用准静态方法和全动态方法对船体波浪载荷及运动进行计算。结果表明,使用准静态方法进行波浪载荷预报具有工程可靠性,中部半载液舱长度对船体波浪载荷及运动有一定影响。     

Strength evaluation of intersection between stiffeners and primary supporting members in double hull structure

In this previous study, a consistent theoretical formula was established in single hull structure, taking account of all the structural components affecting the load share of each member, in combination with the combined load effect of direct force from the longitudinal stiffener and shear force on the primary supporting member. What's more, it has been known qualitatively that the bending moment at the root of the web stiffener in double hull structure is less than that in single hull structure. However, the difference between double hull and single hull structures has not been achieved. In this study, the authors develop a theoretical formulation to represent the stresses at the root of the web stiffener due to the load from both the longitudinal stiffener and the shear force on the primary supporting member in the double hull structure. Then, the results calculated by the derived formulae are compared with the results obtained by finite element analysis, and good accuracy of the proposed formula was verified. Finally, the calculated stresses were compared between double hull and single hull structures. On one hand, the share of loading born by the web stiffener is almost comparable between the double hull and single hull structures. On the other hand, the bending moment at the root of the web stiffener is smaller in the double hull structure than in single hull structure, and therefore, the maximum stress is smaller.