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盲孔法测量921A钢焊接残余应力的应变释放系数研究 总被引:11,自引:1,他引:10
根据盲孔法测量残余应力的基本原理和孔边塑性变形修正方法,分别对盲孔法测量921A钢焊接残余应力时的应变释放系数A、B进行实验标定,通过试验得出了921A钢盲孔孔边塑性变形对测量精度的影响和盲孔法测量921A钢焊接残余应力的塑性修正公式;并对实验标定应变释放系数与通孔应变释放系数理论解进行比较,表明试验结果与通孔应变释放系数理论值有较好的一致性,测量结果经塑性修正,最大误差减小到2.5%以下,试验结果可以直接在盲孔法测量921A钢焊接残余应力工程实际中应用。 相似文献
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液压联轴节外套理想弹塑性自紧应力分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文对液压联轴节外套进行了理想弹塑性自紧应力分析,推导出外套弹塑性自紧卸载后的残余应力公式,得到了全塑性自紧卸载不产生反向屈服的最佳外内径比与鲍辛格效应系数间的关系.对于理想弹塑性材料不考虑材料的鲍辛格效应,此最佳外内径比为2.218,此时自紧压力可高达0.8σs,是非自紧外套弹性极限压力的两倍.若鲍辛格效应系数为0.5,则最佳外内径比为1.545,自紧压力最高可达非自紧外套弹性极限压力的1.5倍. 相似文献
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环肋圆柱壳是水下装备的主要承压部件,通常采用高强钢进行建造,对焊接残余应力等缺陷较敏感.为了得到不同肋骨布置方式下的焊接残余应力分布情况,首先采用试验和数值模拟的方法研究了高强钢焊接试板残余应力分布情况,验证了固有应变近似公式的适用性;然后,基于固有应变法针对内置、外置T型肋骨的圆柱壳的焊接残余应力进行数值分析,结果表明:两者壳板径向变形与实测资料较为一致,内置肋骨时,跨中壳板内凹,反之外凸;残余应力主要分布于焊缝部位,跨中壳板呈现压应力,内置肋骨的压应力要略大一些. 相似文献
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由于浮式生产储油卸油船(FPSO)等船舶结构在服役前常常经历过较大的静载荷,这个预载荷常常会使焊接接头处较高的残余应力产生释放,同时船舶结构还承受着不断变化的波浪载荷,所以在估算FPSO等船舶结构典型焊接接头的疲劳强度时,需考虑残余应力释放的影响.该文通过有限元方法分析了在任意变幅循环载荷下,疲劳热点处的残余应力释放的规律,归纳出残余应力释放的大小与初始残余应力和外载荷之间的关系公式.然后,利用此公式对改进的疲劳估算公式进行修正,并且利用修正后的公式估算不同预载荷下典型焊接接头的疲劳强度,结果与试验结果棚符合.利用修正的改进公式可以更合理地对典型焊接接头在任意变幅循环载荷下的疲劳强度进行设计,同时也合理地解释了疲劳试验中以往不能被理解的结果. 相似文献
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为保证码头作业的安全,利用钻孔法测量了某在役预应力轨道梁梁底测点处的混凝土应变。根据物理关系计算了梁底现存应力,当检测出现应变片粘贴角度发生偏差时,采用修正系数的方法对采集到的应变计算梁底现存应力,取梁底应力的平均值。建立了考虑钢筋应力输出和混凝土压应力的有限元模型。根据有限元分析的结果,通过线性回归方法建立钢筋应力和梁底中心混凝土压应力的关系,计算出在役混凝土轨道梁的残余预应力,并与按规范法计算出的残余预应力进行比较。比较分析结果表明测量结果合理有效,具有较好的适用性和实用性。 相似文献
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Residual stresses existing in a multi-pass butt joint with a thickness of 70 mm, using a flux-cored arc welding process, were measured by an inherent strain method (ISM). Since such a thick plate before welding contains a large amount of initial residual stresses (−300 to +100 MPa), the initial stresses were integrated with conventional ISM in order to determine the total residual stresses in a welded joint. Two methods named as initial stress integrated ISM and initial inherent strain integrated ISM were suggested for the consideration of the initial stress distributions through the thickness of base plates. The results show that there is a significant difference between the integrated ISM with initial stresses or initial inherent strain and the conventional ISM without initial stresses. The residual stresses measured by any of the initial stress integrated ISM and initial inherent strain integrated ISM agreed well with the neutron diffraction measurement. Thus, the proposed initial stress integrated ISM is a proper destructive measurement method in the case of thick weld joints. 相似文献
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分析了船体板中残余应力的筛降,得到了在受拉和受压情况下的筛降水平的计算公式,并用有限元程序模拟了残余应力的筛降过程,验证了公式的有效性.分析了残余应力的筛降对板的平均应力-平均应变曲线的影响,采用两种方法分别得到了考虑筛降效应的板的平均应力-平均应变曲线的表达式,用有限元法进行了模拟计算,结果表明,分别计算受残余拉应力和残余压应力区的应力得到的平均应力-平均应变曲线和有限元计算结果符合得更好. 相似文献
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粗粒土侧限变形特性是量化港口填料在不同荷载作用下沉降的重要依据。基于12组不同应力比侧限固结试验,得出侧限条件下加卸荷次数及应力比对粗粒土应变增量的变化趋势,建立粗粒土应变及塑性应变计算模型,并在二维及三维空间下验证了所建模型合理性。结果表明,堆载应力在土体中存在最大影响深度;当应力比相同时,侧限条件下应变增量及塑性应变增量与增量荷载数值无关。粗粒土受荷载循环作用时应变及塑性应变随应力比增大均呈指数函数变化,且其界限应力比处于2. 124~2. 461。建议在港口施工填筑时对地基上部进行多次强夯加固处理,营运阶段应控制最大堆载量并均匀平铺堆场,以降低填筑区的不均匀沉降量。 相似文献
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Keitaro Enami 《Journal of Marine Science and Technology》2005,10(1):41-52
It is well known that compressive prestrain reduces ductility in steels. On the other hand, it has also been found that high stress triaxiality reduces equivalent plastic strain at the onset of ductile fracture. In this research, plate specimens and notched bar specimens, which were prestrained in compression with bending, were used in reversed bending tests, and the effect of compressive prestrain on ductile crack initiation in steels was investigated. It was found that small ductile cracks occurred from the microscopic wrinkles which were formed on the concave surface with compressive prestrain. The critical relationship between stress triaxiality and equivalent plastic strain at ductile crack initiation was investigated by finite-element analysis. It was found that ductile crack initiation in steels with compressive prestrain can be estimated qualitatively by the relationship between stress triaxiality and equivalent plastic strain. 相似文献
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超高强度钢EH47广泛应用于超大型集装箱船舱口围板等区域结构中,建造过程中常常伴随着较大的焊接残余应力,直接影响到船体结构的安全及使用寿命。论文基于有限元分析软件ANSYS,对平板对接焊进行模拟,得到焊接残余应力的大小和分布,并采用盲孔法对焊缝区域进行残余应力测量。结果表明:残余应力在靠近焊缝中心及区域附近处表现为拉应力,随着逐渐往焊缝中心靠拢,拉应力迅速增大,当达到焊缝中心附近时拉应力达到最大值。随着逐渐远离焊缝中心,拉应力迅速减小,达到一定距离时转变为压应力,并在距离焊趾2.5 cm处达到压应力最大值,数值模拟结果与试验测量值基本吻合,同时焊后热处理能有效降低有损结构强度的焊接残余应力。 相似文献
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In the deepwater S-lay operations depending on the required stinger radius and rollers configuration, relatively large plastic deformation is induced when the pipe passes over the stinger, under the combined loadings of bending, axial tension, roller reaction force and the pipelay vessel motion. The resulting plastic deformation does not vanish after the pipe leaves the stinger. It accumulates until the pipe reaches the seabed. The inherited residual deformation might reduce the collapse capacity of the pipe under the external pressure loading. The present paper investigates the dynamic loading history of the pipe during the S-lay operation based on a test-verified finite element model, and then calculates the residual plastic deformation of the pipe cross-section after the pipe reaches the seabed. Finally, the nonlinear collapse analysis is implemented based on the modified RIKS method to evaluate the capacity of the installation-induced deformed pipe. The results confirm that the deepwater S-lay operation will lead to obvious plastic deformation of the pipe, which decreases the pipe collapse capacity to some extent. 相似文献
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某港口拟采用排水板堆载预压和水泥搅拌桩加固矿石堆场和堆取料机轨道梁地基。利用数值模拟对加固过程及堆场运行时地基及搅拌桩的应力应变进行全面的分析,为工程设计和堆场的安全、合理使用提供了依据。 相似文献
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裂纹尖端张开位移(CTOD)是研究大范围屈服的低周疲劳破坏的重要参数之一,其值可反映结构材料抵抗低周疲劳裂纹形成和扩展的能力,是评估结构材料韧性的重要参量以及分析低周疲劳破坏引起裂纹扩展的主要控制参量。文章基于弹塑性断裂力学理论,从循环J积分着手,以裂纹尖端累积塑性应变为重要参量,建立循环载荷下船体板CTOD理论模型,并在有限元模拟中分析了应力比、应力幅等相关因素影响。将本模型结果与有限元计算结果进行了比较,发现结果吻合良好。结果表明:在考虑累积塑性影响下,该模型能较好地反映在循环载荷下船体板CTOD的变化规律,同时也为正确评估循环载荷下船体板低周疲劳破坏与累积塑性破坏两种破坏模式耦合作用的总体断裂破坏提供了途径。 相似文献