20000 TEU集装箱船抗扭箱结构的焊接变形预控

抗扭箱作为20 000 TEU超大型集装箱船的关键结构,由于其组成的板材较厚且与集装箱直接接触,因此需严格控制该结构的面外焊接变形。采用基于固有变形理论的弹性有限元分析,预测抗扭箱的焊接变形,预测结果与实际测量结果比较吻合;通过设计大厚板的非对称X型坡口来控制面外变形,结果表明:采用非对称设计的X型焊接坡口有利于减小变形,仅需一次翻身,可提高生产效率。不考虑装配间隙时,基于高效的热-弹-塑性有限元计算归纳出超厚板(40 mm～85 mm)的最佳正反面坡口深度比;考虑实际生产中的装配间隙时,最佳正反面坡口深度比与板材板厚呈非线性关系。最后,将考虑装配间隙时优化的非对称坡口焊接接头应用到抗扭箱结构中,面外焊接变形减小明显,有利于指导船厂的实际生产。     

厚板焊接残余应力的试验研究

通过盲孔法,测定了不同焊接接头、不同板厚、不同焊接工艺下厚板的焊接残余应力,在考虑了塑性影响的基础上,得到了厚板焊接残余应力的分布规律.分析讨论了焊接接头、板厚、焊接工艺以及焊接坡口大小对焊接残余应力分布的影响及原因.结果表明,采用自由焊工艺,可以减小焊接残余应力.而调整焊接顺序,则可以改变焊接残余应力的峰值位置.合理设计承载面的坡口大小,可以有效降低焊接残余应力对结构强度的影响.     

船用起重机桁架式臂架制作工艺

为了提高船用起重机全圆管桁架式臂架的制作质量、控制焊接变形和焊后的尺寸,对臂架圆管相贯线及坡口的切割、臂架分段位置法兰的焊接变形控制进行试验,并对试验过程中的数据进行汇总分析,优化臂架制作工艺。在臂架装配过程中,利用不同角度的卡码板进行三维定位、装配桁架结构,保证圆管相贯位置的装配间隙和角度,提高臂架焊接质量。     

轻量化造船中薄板对接焊失稳及其临界条件

针对3mm厚的低碳钢薄板进行对接焊试验,使用光学面扫描方法测量焊后的面外变形,可明显地观察到"马鞍形"的失稳变形形状;使用热-弹-塑性有限元分析,并考虑大变形理论,再现薄板对接焊的失稳变形现象,且预测的面外变形与实际测量结果相当吻合。以焊接固有变形为载荷,进行弹性有限元分析,其预测的焊接面外变形与热-弹-塑性有限元分析及试验测量也具有很好的一致性。同时,通过一系列的热-弹-塑性有限元计算和基于固有变形增量法的弹性有限元计算都可获得该对接焊接头发生焊接失稳变形的临界条件,两个结果也相当一致。     

20000TEU集装箱船水密横舱壁结构精度建造的预控

水密横舱壁作为20000TEU集装箱船的关键结构,对尺寸精度的要求十分严苛,而焊接变形严重影响其建造精度。针对这一问题,采用基于固有变形理论的弹性有限元分析,来预测水密横舱壁结构的面外焊接变形。比较了计算固有变形的两种方法的准确度,并且总结了热输入与固有变形各分量的经验公式,还提出了减小面外焊接变形的措施。结果表明,通过与实测数据对比验证了弹性有限元分析可快速、准确地预测水密横舱壁结构的面外焊接变形;对于对接接头,变形反演法比应变积分法得到的横向固有弯曲更准确;热输入与固有变形各分量呈线性递增关系;将整个水密横舱壁结构由原来的3段分成5段,并采用对称焊接顺序,面外焊接变形最小,同时会降低对船厂吊装能力的要求。     

20000TEU集装箱船水密横舱壁结构精度建造的预控

水密横舱壁作为20000TEU集装箱船的关键结构,对尺寸精度的要求十分严苛,尤其是焊接变形严重影响其建造精度。针对这一问题,采用基于固有变形理论的弹性有限元分析,来预测水密横舱壁结构的面外焊接变形。同时,比较了计算固有变形的两种方法的准确度,并且总结了热输入与固有变形各分量的经验公式,还提出了减小面外焊接变形的措施。结果表明,通过与实测数据对比验证了弹性有限元分析可快速、准确地预测水密横舱壁结构的面外焊接变形;对于对接接头,变形反演法比应变积分法得到的横向固有弯曲更准确;热输入与固有变形各分量呈线性递增关系;将整个水密横舱壁结构由原来的3段分成5段,并采用对称焊接顺序,面外焊接变形最小,同时会降低对船厂吊装能力的要求。     

大型船舶T型材焊接工艺试验及工艺再造

焊接是船体装配中的重要环节,是船体质量好坏的决定性因素。因此,对焊接进行工艺试验是必要的。针对在实际生产过程中,船舶T型材坡口宽度不一致,通常是上宽下窄的情况,选取不同间隙的坡口进行工艺试验,并对获得的参数进行数学建模,推算出具有普遍适用性的焊接参数。     

核电用Q345B厚板多层多道焊动态角变形研究

为了获得核电用厚板多层多道焊的角变形动态过程,通过试验测试和有限元分析相结合的方法研究了40 mm厚Q345B钢板角变形过程.基于ANSYS有限元分析软件,开发了考虑移动热源、材料非线性和几何非线性的热弹塑性有限元计算方法.同时,采用位移传感器间接测试了焊接角变形过程.研究结果表明:Q345B厚板多层多道焊角变形动态过程可分为变形阶段和稳定阶段.单个焊道引起的角变形增加量呈先增大后减小的趋势.此外,综合考虑热输入与板厚叠加作用的热输入理论(Q/h~2)可以解释厚板多层多道焊角变形动态过程.     

集装箱船弯扭耦合振动分析

本文基于薄壁结构力学基本理论，提出了一种适合于大开口集装箱船弯扭耦合振动分析的薄壁梁有限元模型。该模型考虑了翘曲、剪切及剖面转动的影响，以及货舱大开口和抗扭箱（甲板梁）引起的结构不连续性。其例中，计算结果与三维有限元分析结果、模型试验结果相当吻合，而薄壁梁有限元的计算效率要高得多，算例还表明抗扭箱（甲板梁）对提高集装箱船的抗扭刚度有十分重要的意义。     

集装箱船抗扭箱区域舾装开孔及加强方案

随着集装箱船大型化发展,大厚度的高钢级钢板在抗扭箱区域被使用的越来越多,疲劳强度是结构安全需要关注的重点,而厚板上的开孔会对疲劳强度产生一定的不良影响。对沪东中华造船(集团)有限公司多年来建造的多型集装箱船积累的经验进行归纳总结,提出适合抗扭箱厚板的开孔及加强方案。     

Prediction and mitigation of out-of-plane welding distortion of a typical block in fabrication of a semi-submersible lifting and disassembly platform

Out-of-plane welding distortions of block structures during fabrication of offshore structure will significantly influence its dimensional accuracy and production schedule. Taking a B514 block of a semi-submersible lifting and disassembly platform as research object, typical welded joints and their welding conditions were summarized based on actual welding procedure specification (WPS). Effective thermal elastic plastic (TEP) finite element (FE) analysis with parallel computation technology was carried out to examine thermal-mechanical response. Welding inherent deformations, which are considered as the elementary cause of welding distortion, were then evaluated. With welding inherent deformations as mechanical loading, elastic finite element (FE) analysis was then employed to predict dimensional accuracy of examined B514 block, which has a good agreement with measurement data. In order to ensure the fabrication accuracy with less out-of-plane welding distortion, inverse deformation approach was applied to reduce the out-of-plane welding distortion, and influence of welding sequence on out-of-plane welding distortion was also examined. Both mitigation practices have obvious effect on dimensional accuracy of examined B514 block, while corresponding mechanical mechanisms were also clarified.     

Numerical prediction and mitigation of out-of-plane welding distortion in ship panel structure by elastic FE analysis

As an application to predict and mitigate the out-of-plane welding distortion by elastic FE analysis based on the inherent deformation theory, a panel structure of a pure car carrier ship is considered. The inherent deformations of different types of welded joints included in this ship panel structure are evaluated beforehand using thermal elastic plastic FE analysis. Applying idealized boundary condition to focus on the local deformation, elastic FE analysis shows that the considered ship panel structure will buckle near the edge and only bending distortion is dominant in the internal region. In order to mitigate out-of-plane welding distortion such as buckling and bending, straightening using line heating is employed. In the internal region, only inherent bending with the same magnitude as welding induced inherent bending is applied on the opposite side of welded joints (fast moving torch). On the other hand, only in-plane inherent strain produced by line heating is introduced to the edge region to correct buckling distortion (slow moving torch). The magnitude of out-of-plane welding distortion in this ship panel structure can be minimized to an accepted level.     

大型加强板结构焊接顺序的效果研究(英文)

Welding sequence has a significant effect on distortion pattern of large orthogonally stiffened panels normally used in ships and offshore structures. These deformations adversely affect the subsequent fitup and alignment of the adjacent panels. It may also result in loss of structural integrity. These panels primarily suffer from angular and buckling distortions. The extent of distortion depends on several parameters such as welding speed, plate thickness, welding current, voltage, restraints applied to the job while welding, thermal history as well as sequence of welding. Numerical modeling of welding and experimental validation of the FE model has been carried out for estimation of thermal history and resulting distortions. In the present work an FE model has been developed for studying the effect of welding sequence on the distortion pattern and its magnitude in fabrication of orthogonally stiffened plate panels.     

An efficient FE computation for predicting welding induced buckling in production of ship panel structure

In a Thermal-Elastic-Plastic (TEP) FE analysis to investigate welding induced buckling of large thin plate welded structure such as ship panel, it will be extremely difficult to converge computation and obtain the results when the material and geometrical non-linear behaviors are both considered. In this study, an efficient FE computation which is an elastic FE analysis based on inherent deformation method, is proposed to predict welding induced buckling with employing large deformation theory, and an application in ship panel production is carried out. The proposed FE computation is implemented with two steps:(1) The typical weld joint (fillet weld) existing in considered ship panel structure is conducted with sequential welding using actual welding condition, and welding angular distortion after completely cooling down is measured. A TEP FE analysis with solid elements model is carried out to predict the welding angular distortion, which is validated by comparing with experimental results. Then, inherent deformations in this examined fillet welded joint are evaluated as a loading for the subsequent elastic FE analysis. Also, the simultaneous welding to assemble this fillet welded joint is numerically considered and its inherent deformations are evaluated.(2) To predict the welding induced buckling in the production of ship panel structure, a shell element model of considered ship panel is then employed for elastic FE analysis, in which inherent deformation evaluated beforehand is applied and large deformation is considered. The computed results obviously show welding induced buckling in the considered ship panel structure after welding. With its instability and difficulty for straightening, welding induced buckling prefers to be avoided whenever it is possible.     

EH36船用钢焊接角变形有限元分析

采用有限元分析方法,根据实际焊接工艺过程,对船舶常用低温高强钢EH36中厚板的二道焊缝焊接温度场及焊接角变形进行了分析.中厚板焊接常为二道的埋弧焊接,在有限元分析中采用生死单元技术进行处理.有限元分析结果显示焊接温度场关于热源中心对称,同一厚度截面方向的节点处的焊接变形相同,而在横向由于焊缝在厚度方向收缩的不均匀性,处于焊缝间隙大的截面的节点焊接变形要大于处于小间隙截面的节点.实验结果证明了有限元分析的准确性.     

Recent research on welding distortion prediction in thin plate fabrication by means of elastic FE computation

Elastic FE simulation with inherent deformation and interface element is an ideal and practical computational approach for predicting welding distortion in production of thin plate structures. In this study, recent researches on inherent deformation theory and welding induced buckling investigation of ship panel were sequentially introduced. Taking bead-on-plate welding as research objective (plate with 2.28 mm in thickness), integration approach with inherent strain was proposed to accurately and conveniently evaluate magnitude of inherent deformation. Also, average temperature to clarify the mechanism of influential effect of plate width on magnitude of inherent deformation was presented and examined. With the mechanism investigation of welding induced buckling by elastic FE analysis using inherent deformation, an application for predicting and mitigating the welding induced buckling in fabrication of ship panel with thin plates by employing different welding procedure patterns was carried out. Examined intermittent zigzag welding procedure is effective to reduce the magnitude of in-plane inherent shrinkages and control the possible welding induced buckling.     

海洋钻井平台桩腿齿条板与半圆板焊接工艺试验

针对400ft钻井平台桩腿齿条板与半圆板焊接全熔透的新要求,笔者通过试验和不同施焊方法相结合的方式分析了组对间隙和清根与否等因素对Q690E试板接头根部熔深的影响。结果表明,无论采用何种焊接方法,反面清根后施焊,接头熔合状况均良好,且采用实芯焊丝比药芯焊丝接头熔深大。正面气保焊打底,反面不清根采用气保焊施焊,接头熔合不良;而反面采用埋弧焊施焊,接头可实现熔透,但工艺还有待优化,以避免结晶裂纹的产生。     

感应加热板材成形的有限元分析及工艺规划

通过感应加热实现板材的热弯成形，具有精准控制、安全便捷等特点。本研究采用新型便携式感应加热设备，对8mm船板钢进行热弯成形试验；并基于热-弹-塑性及弹性有限元计算，预测感应加热面外弯曲变形，与测量数据基本吻合。同时，考虑试验成本高昂，通过大通量的有限性计算，建立感应加热参数与板材弯曲的数据库；并通过回归分析，拟合出感应线圈移动速度与板材弯曲角度间的数学关系。当板材弯曲曲率相同时，通过线加热位置的迭代二分法，可线性逼近板材的目标弯曲形状，进而快速规划加工工艺，并进行了验证。     

基于有限元法的T型梁合理设计（英文）

The main configuration of ship construction consists of standard and fabricated stiffening members,such as T-sections,which are commonly used in shipbuilding.During the welding process,the nonuniform heating and rapid cooling lead to welding imperfections such as out-of-plane distortion and residual stresses.Owing to these imperfections,the fabricated structural members may not attain their design load,and removing these imperfections will require extra man-hours.The present work investigated controlling these imperfections at both the design and fabrication stages.A typical fabricated T-girder was selected to investigate the problem of these imperfections using double-sided welding.A numerical simulation based on finite element modeling(FEM) was used to investigate the effects of geometrical properties and welding sequence on the magnitude of the welding imperfections of the T-girder.The FEM results were validated with the experimental measurements of a double-sided fillet weld.Regarding the design stage,the optimum geometry of the fabricated T-girder was determined based on the minimum steel weight and out-of-plane distortion.Furthermore,regarding the fabrication stage,a parametric study with two variables(geometrical properties and welding sequence)was conducted to determine the optimum geometry and welding sequence based on the minimum welding out-of-plane distortion.Increasing the flange thickness and reducing the breadth while keeping the T-girder section modulus constant reduced the T-girder weight and out-of-plane distortion.Noncontinuous welding produced a significant reduction in the out-of-plane distortion,while an insignificant increase in the compressive residual stress occurred.