兰州地铁地温分布特性及其演化规律

以兰州地铁所在地区为研究对象,实测地铁隧道开挖前的地温(简称为初始地温),根据实测数据,提出地铁初始地温预测模型公式。采用非稳态传热的数值模型,分析运营条件下地铁隧道围岩温度的演化规律。结果表明:兰州地铁初始地温随环境气温和埋深的变化而变化;年变温层位于自地表至埋深12m处;年恒温层位于埋深12m及其以下,温度为15℃左右;年变温层中,1年内初始地温变化规律与环境气温变化规律相似,近似呈正弦曲线状分布,但存在相位滞后的现象;1年中初始地温的振幅随埋深的增大呈指数下降趋势。在隧道内空气与围岩之间热交换中,兰州地铁隧道围岩的温度及其梯度、热透厚度(未达到极限时)均与隧道内环境温度、热交换时间成正相关关系,但与距隧道内壁的距离成负相关关系。     

南昌地铁砾砂层渣土改良技术试验研究

随着土压平衡盾构的广泛推广和应用,其地层适应性也越来越强,但盾构机在一些特殊地层中掘进时,渣土无法满足盾构施工对渣土流塑性的要求,易造成刀盘结饼、掌子面压力不稳定、刀盘磨损严重等问题。泡沫渣土改良技术是保证施工安全、顺利进行的关键技术之一。本文针对两种工程现场常用的泡沫进行泡沫基础性能试验,并以南昌地铁3号线盾构区间为工程背景,针对该区间砾砂地层进行改良渣土坍落度试验,对不同注入率和不同发泡剂的改良效果进行分析。研究发现,两种泡沫剂的建议使用浓度为3%;渣土流动性随泡沫注入率的增大而提高。在试验所用土样条件下,建议施工时使用的泡沫注入率为20%~30%。     

Traffic modelling in system boundary expansion of road pavement life cycle assessment

This paper uses a case study of a UK inter-urban road, to explore the impact of extending the system boundary of road pavement life cycle assessment (LCA) to include increased traffic emissions due to delays during maintenance. Some previous studies have attempted this but have been limited to hypothetical scenarios or simplified traffic modelling, with no validation or sensitivity analysis. In this study, micro-simulation modelling of traffic was used to estimate emissions caused by delays at road works, for several traffic management options. The emissions were compared to those created by the maintenance operation, estimated using an LCA model. In this case study, the extra traffic emissions caused by delays at road works are relatively small, compared to those from the maintenance process, except for hydrocarbon emissions. However, they are generally close to, or above, the materiality threshold recommended in PAS2050 for estimating carbon footprints, and reach 5–10% when traffic flow levels are increased (hypothetically) or when traffic management is imposed outside times of lowest traffic flow. It is recommended, therefore, that emissions due to traffic disruption at road works should be included within the system boundary of road pavement LCA and carbon footprint studies and should be considered in developing guidelines for environmental product declarations of road pavement maintenance products and services.     

Centrifuge modelling of pipe-soil interaction in clay with crust layer

Seabed in regions, such as the Gulf of Guinea and North West Shelf of Australia, may exhibit a crust layer where the undrained shear strength can be an order of magnitude higher than that of the immediately underlying sediment. This can complicate design of steel catenary risers, where fatigue depends on the cyclic vertical stiffness of the pipe-soil interaction. Potential punch-through of the riser into the underlying soft soil may invalidate design assumptions based on the pipe-soil stiffness within the crust layer. The long-term evolution of pipe-soil stiffness within the crust layer, which exhibits similar properties to an over-consolidated soil, is also poorly understood. This paper describes centrifuge model tests undertaken in a clay sample with a crust layer, simulating the punch-through process of a pipe under load control and investigating the pipe-soil stiffness during long-term cyclic loading tests under displacement control. Results confirm that the potential for punching-through the crust layer depends strongly on the relative ratio of pipe diameter to crust layer thickness. The long-term evolution of pipe-soil stiffness showed a steady increase after an initial remoulding stage in contractile soils (normally consolidated and lightly over-consolidated), but a steady reduction in the heavily over-consolidated, more dilatant, crust. The magnitude of pipe-soil stiffness changes (during both remoulding and reconsolidation) is governed by the over-consolidation ratio of the soil and the amplitude of the cyclic displacements. This study provides insights on the relevant cyclic stiffness to consider when assessing SCR fatigue life in over-consolidated soils and soils exhibiting a superficial crust layer.     

中越界河海事执法行为的风险规避

文中通过介绍中越边境河流——北仑河海事现场执法风险，分析执法风险存在的原因、表现形式，结合实际工作体会，探讨界河基层海事执法的风险防范     

水平旋喷桩施工工艺在深圳地铁施工中的应用

在深圳地铁安托山站—侨香站区间矿山法隧道超前支护施工中,由于采用了水平旋喷桩施工工艺,成功地解决了安-侨区间暗挖隧道在饱和粉细砂层及砾砂层中近距离穿越大断面雨水箱涵及φ500 mm次高压燃气管线的难题,节约了施工成本,充分显示了水平旋喷桩施工工艺在富水砂层浅埋暗挖隧道开挖预支护工程应用上的经济优势。文章论述了水平旋喷桩的工艺机理、适应性、优缺点以及在该工程中的应用效果。     

社会转型期大学生思想道德教育对策思考

随着网络化、经济全球化的进程,中国社会正处在深刻变革和快速转型期,人们的价值观念、思维方式和行为方式发生剧烈变化,传统的道德规范受到了强烈冲击。正处在人生观、价值观、道德观的形成时期的大学生,面临极大的道德冲突与思想困惑。文章在分析大学生的思想道德现状及其成因的基础上,就社会转型期如何加强大学生思想道德建设进行探讨。     

《深圳市综合交通体系规划((2013—2030)》编制探索——以更具竞争力、可持续的综合交通体系促进城市转型发展

通过回顾评价深圳市历次综合交通体系规划的得失,分析城市转型对于综合交通体系的挑战以及新形势下综合交通体系规划的定位。以《深圳市综合交通体系规划(2013—2030)》为例,对规划编制的内容和方法开展研究,具体包括:转型导向的交通发展目标与指标体系、一体化的综合交通体系组织、立足区域协作的整体交通战略、与组团结构相匹配的交通分区组织、与城市功能布局的协调互动、注重协同的交通管控政策,以及应对大数据的智能交通策略等。最后介绍规划编制组织特点并提出城市转型期综合交通体系规划的进一步思考。     

港口工程沙土液化判别方法

沙土液化是场地和地基的地震效应的重要内容,我国港口主要采用基于标准贯入试验的沙土液化判别方法以及静力触探等原位测试方法,而欧美、非洲及东南亚大多采用Seed简化法以及基于概率与统计分析的估计方法。通过多种液化判别方法的分析,论证其合理性,针对不同性质的工程合理运用于水运港口工程抗震作用。     

破损船体梁残存强度的有限元计算模型研究

采用Abaqus软件建立多个非线性有限元计算模型,对完整和破损后的船体梁进行非线性有限元计算。通过与Smith方法的结果对比分析,确定船体梁残存强度非线性有限元计算模型和边界条件,并研究破口周围边界对残存强度的影响。