Ecological modeling as a tool for coastal zone management in Dokai Bay, Japan

An ecological numerical model has been developed for coastal zone management in Dokai Bay, Japan. The numerical model experiment reproduces the occurrence of red tides and oxygen-deficiency in Dokai Bay during summer. Moreover, the model experiments forecast that when the phosphorus or nitrogen load from land will be cut by 90% or 95%, respectively, red tides and oxygen-deficiency will not occur in Dokai Bay. If the sewage facility is not sufficient to cut the nutrients load to the necessary degree, it is necessary to consider other countermeasures such as cultivating bivalves in order to decrease the nutrients in the bay.     

富水砂砾地层盾构液氮冻结常压开仓施工技术

为了解决富水砂砾地层中盾构区间前盾范围的土体加固,使得盾构机具备常压开仓换刀的条件,考虑到液氮气化时剧烈吸热的原理,提出了采用液氮冻结技术快速冻结土体的解决思路。通过地面施工垂直钻孔,并下放液氮冻结管,液氮气化吸热,直至冻结面及周围土体,对盾构机前盾1.5 m范围的土体加固。实践证明,在富水砂砾地层中其它封水措施效果达不到安全要求的情况下,液氮快速冻结技术取得了理想效果。     

益肾保真方对慢性肾功能衰竭大鼠营养不良的干预作用

目的探讨益肾保真方对慢性肾功能衰竭(CRF)营养不良的干预作用。方法采用二步5/6肾切除法复制大鼠慢性CRF模型,随机分为正常组、模型组、尿毒清组(2.5g/kg.d)、开同组(0.78g/kg.d)及益肾保真方高剂量组(46.5g/kg.d)、低剂量组(15.6g/kg.d)。给药6周,观察大鼠摄食量、体重,检测血尿素氮(BUN)、血肌酐(Scr)、尿蛋白定量(24hUprV)、白蛋白(ALB)及胆固醇(Chol)变化。结果模型组大鼠BUN、Scr、24hUprV及Chol较正常组显著升高,摄食量、体重及血清ALB水平显著降低。与模型组比较,益肾保真方组的血BUN、Scr、24hUprV及Chol显著降低(P<0.01),摄食量、体重及血清ALB水平显著升高(P<0.01)。结论益肾保真方对CRF大鼠营养不良有良好的干预作用。     

液氮冻结技术在隧道工作井二次封堵水中的应用

为封堵工作井异常涌水涌砂缝隙,以某隧道新工作井液氮二次冻结封堵水工程为背景,基于液氮气化时剧烈吸热的原理,提出采用液氮土层冻结技术快速冻结封堵涌水的解决思路。研究在初期盐水冻结壁有缺陷存在条件下运用原有冻结管和新增冻结管液氮封水冻结,冻结帷幕形成和冻结孔布置参数的设计、施工流程以及冻结效果。得到以下结论:1)通过温度数据监测得出测温孔最低温度达-30℃;2)C4测温孔数据表明总体冻结壁发展半径超过原设计的0.54 m;3)C5测温孔数据表明,在距地面9.6m处土层温度已达到-10℃,冻结壁发展半径超过0.70 m;4)裂缝处冻结壁有效厚度达到0.85 m,槽壁内侧温度低于-4℃,且随着深度的加大接缝位置处平均冻结温度降低。     

浅水湖泊平面二维水质模型研究

磷氮元素在水体中迁移对湖泊富营养化研究具有重要性。采用有限元伽辽金加权余量法建立了简单的二维水质模型,并计算了在风场作用下的苏州市澄湖丰水期和枯水期的氮磷的分布以及输移。计算中引入了可由实测资料率定的可为正负的综合衰减参数,综合考虑了氮磷元素的沉降速率和释放速率,这样减少了水质多参数难确定的困难。计算的结果表明,流态与实际情况吻合较好,氮磷元素的浓度计算值与实测值相差不大。     

EGR对车用柴油机性能影响的试验研究

结合某废气涡轮增压和高压共轨小型4缸柴油机国Ⅳ排放达标工作,进行了计算机在线实时控制EGR对柴油机性能影响的试验研究,通过试验分析了EGR对NOx、烟度、排气温度、燃油消耗率的影响规律,并对EGR率与喷油提前角的匹配作了进一步的研究。结果表明,为降低柴油机NOx排放,不同工况应采取不同的EGR率;烟度、排气温度、燃油消耗率均随着EGR率的增加而增大;EGR率和喷油提前角应实现良好的匹配,才能保证NOx排放和燃油消耗率都能达到要求,其中小EGR率匹配小喷油提前角,大EGR率匹配大喷油提前角。     

非洛地平对ox-LDL损伤的人脐静脉内皮细胞一氧化氮合酶mRNA及一氧化氮表达的影响

目的 探讨非洛地平对氧化型低密度脂蛋白(ox-LDL)损伤的人脐静脉内皮细胞(HUVEC)内皮型一氧化氮合酶(eNOS)、诱生型一氧化氮合酶(iNOS)mRNA及一氧化氮(NO)表达的影响.方法 将原代细胞分为空白对照组、ox-LDL(6、12.5、25mg/L)损伤组、非洛地平(0.1、1.0、10μmol/L)+ox-LDL(25mg/L)干预组,采用实时荧光定量PCR技术检测eNOS、iNOS的mRNA水平,硝酸还原酶法测定培养上清中NO的浓度.结果 ox-LDL损伤内皮细胞后,eNOS、iNOS mRNA及NO较空白对照组升高;非洛地平下调ox-LDL损伤的内皮细胞iNOS的表达,增加其NO的生成.结论 非洛地平可抑制低浓度ox-LDL诱导的iNOS mRNA表达,增加NO的生成,发挥其保护内皮细胞的功能.     

某船用中速柴油机NOx排放特性分析

对一船用中速柴油机进行了NOx排放试验,得出并分析了其用作船舶主机时,在持续运行区域内随运行工况变化的NOx排放特性.柴油机NOx排放水平与其运行工况密切相关.对于按推进特性运行的船舶主机,排放法规有必要针对NOx排放实船测试特点,规定合适的标准测试工况,并在台架试验的基础上对因测试工况偏差而引起的NOx排放误差进行修正.     

柴油机低温燃烧的研究进展

介绍了柴油机低温燃烧模式的概念和提出背景,详细分析了其现阶段在柴油机上的实现方式及特点,并且阐述了这种燃烧模式的最新研究进展。最后,讨论了柴油机低温燃烧模式进一步研究的方向。     

Effects of the fuel injection ratio on the emission and combustion performances of the partially premixed charge compression ignition combustion engine applied with the split injection method

Currently, due to the severity of world-wide air pollution by substances emitted from vehicles, emission control is being enforced more strictly, and it is expected that the regulation requirements for emission will become even more severe. A new concept combustion technology that can reduce the Nitrogen oxides (NOx) and PM in relation to combustion is urgently required. As a core combustion technology among new combustion technologies for the next generation engine, the homogenous charge compression ignition (HCCI) is expanding its application range by adopting a multiple combustion mode, a catalyst, direct fuel injection and partially premixed charge compression ignition combustion using the split injection method. This paper used a split injection method in order to apply the partially premixed charge compression ignition combustion method without significantly altering engine specifications of the multiple combustion mode and practicality by referring to the results of studies on the HCCI engine. Furthermore, the effects of the ratio of the fuel injection amount on split injection are investigated. From the test results, the adequate combination of the ratio of the fuel injection amount for the split injection method has some benefit on exhaust and fuel economy performance in a naturally aspirated single cylinder diesel engine.