国产商用密码技术在AFC系统票卡读写器的设计与应用

为提高城市轨道交通AFC系统中密码技术的自主可控程度,尝试在AFC系统中应用符合S M4标准的国产商用密码技术.研发一款支持国密算法的读写器是实现国密算法在AFC领域应用的关键.文章详细分析读写器的软件、硬件开发特点及测试方法.测试结果表明,新研发的国密读写器可支持S M4加密算法,且各项性能满足城市轨道交通AFC系统...     

Developing metro-based accessibility: Three aspects of China’s Rail+Property practice

Populous Chinese cities have invested heavily in metro systems and planned proactively for transit-oriented development. Rail plus property (R+P) programs, where metro corporations engage in, and even orchestrate real estate development in or around rail station areas, have been recurrently reported among these cities. However, careful assessment of these programs is still rare in the existing literature. Built upon multiple R+P programs led by Shenzhen Metro Cooperation and/or Hong Kong Mass Transit Railway Cooperation, this article fathoms the rationale for R+P programs in Mainland China, the obstacles for oversea private investors’ participation and the balance between profit making and social goods supply. It finds that R+P programs serve as alternative funding sources for expensive metro projects. It decreases municipal governments’ cash flow contribution to those projects, which is mandated by the central government. In addition, local business environment for R+P projects has disadvantaged private sector participation, especially those private investors from overseas. Furthermore, public subsidy to local metro corporations is likely to persist as R+P programs have not been designed for economic value maximization; rather, they are in place because (1) they reduce the cash flow burden of the municipal government; (2) they are tasked by the municipal government to produce a considerable number of affordable public housing.     

Who Owns Underwater Cultural Heritage in the South China Sea

The South China Sea has attained global attention because of terraria disputes over oil, gas, fisheries and other resources in the sea area. Compared with the valuable natural resources, the underwater cultural heritage is not recognized or considered, but is an important legacy of many losses of vessels over centuries. Recently, the surrounding states in the South China Sea have taken measures to preserve underwater cultural heritage in their sea waters. However, the current complicated situation of the South China Sea intensifies the difficulties of protection of underwater cultural heritagein that area. There is an important and interesting potential issue of identification of ownership of underwater cultural heritage because of differences of legislation and claims to jurisdiction. Under the current information of legislation of some states in the South China Sea, it can be understood this issue cannot be avoid on the protection of underwater cultural heritage. This article discusses potential disputes over ownership of underwater cultural heritage in the South China Sea based on the different legislation of several states (China, Vietnam and Philippines) and proposes some possible suggestions for resolving the issue of ownership, rather than performing a primary research.     

The built environment and travel behavior in urban China: A literature review

Interests in studying of the built environment impacts on travel behavior have proliferated from North America to other parts of the world including China. Until very recently, there has been very little research into travel behavior in China. However, during the last decade, there has been a fast growing interest in studying the built environment and travel behavior in Chinese cities, perhaps motivated by China’s unprecedented urbanization and rapid urban transport development. Case studies from China provide new insights into the impacts of built environment on travel behavior that can help to enrich existing scholarship. However, currently there is a generally poor understanding of the role played by Chinese research and how it has enriched the international literature. This paper aims to fill this gap by reviewing studies in and outside China by both Chinese and non-Chinese scholars. The focus is on the contribution of these studies to the international literature. We identify four areas of contribution: how the built environment has been developed and its implications for travel behavior; the importance of housing sources in defining residential built environment and explaining travel behavior; the unique Danwei (or work unit) perspective on jobs-housing relationships and commuting behavior; and the importance of neighborhood types in explaining travel behavior in Chinese cities. The findings from this review should be relevant for researchers interested in developing future studies that will further advance geographic knowledge of the built environment and travel behavior, specifically in China and with broader global contexts.     

解读铁总企标《CTCS-3级列控系统总体技术规范》

介绍铁总企标《CTCS-3级列控系统总体技术规范》(Q/CR661-2018)的编制背景、主要技术内容,并重点解读有关新标准与原规范具有较大差异的主要技术变更项,最后提出未来改进方向。     

论"安全困境"与超越"安全困境"--兼论"安全困境"与"中国威胁论"的关系

“安全困境”或称“霍布斯恐惧困境”是国际关系学和国际关系史学的一个重要概念。本文拟从一个新的视角，通过对“安全困境”客观性的历史考察，从历史和理论两个方面，研究、分析超越“安全困境”的可能性及其所需要的条件，并对“安全困境”与“中国威胁论”之间的相互关系作一定的探讨。     

关注当代问题:新世纪以来国内科学史研究专题回顾——以五种重要刊物为主

本文选择国内最重要的五种与科学史直接有关的刊物，披阅其上自2000年第1期以来的所有文章，择其论题直接关注当代问题者，归纳为六个方面：中医问题、现代中国科学体制及政策、科学传播、科学主义、李约瑟问题、科学史理论。笔者结合此六方面近年在国内的争议及某些文化背景，缕述数十篇相关论文要旨，给出一个新世纪以来国内科学史研究之专题回顾。由此亦可看出近年国内科学技术史研究者关注方向之演变。     

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通过分析中铁快运创立以来成功拓展快递业务网络的案例，揭示了铁路传统运输体制存在的主要问题和改革方向。作者认为，中铁快运低成本地快速形成了网格状的空间组织形式，并通过产权关系的不断调整实现了对快递运输的全程控制，成为国铁系统中具有真正意义并充满活力的运输企业。铁路重组必须构建起能够自主经营、责权明确的企业组织，并更新运输理念，在进一步扩大和完善基本业务的同时大力促进附加增值业务的发展，使该行业由过去的“自我服务导向型”向“客户或市场需求导向型”转变。     

中国民用航空网络的中心-外围模式

民用航空网络是航空运输的重要载体.航空运输网络的发展状态决定着民用航空的根本运行效率.本文以中国民用航空网络为研究对象,应用中心-外围理论,对中国民用航空网络的整体结构布局进行了研究.发现中国民用航空网络存在典型的中心-外围模式,中心节点分别是北京、上海、广州,外围节点对中心节点存在距离依赖,且对北京节点的距离依赖最强.中心节点的正影响距离约在500–555 km范围处,其整体影响距离呈现“∽型”变动趋势,可以看作是中国民用航空网络的“脊背”.同时,地区教育水平、经济发展、总人口数量均对节点发展产生正向影响,地理面积和固定资产投资水平对节点发展存在负影响.各节点发展程度还随着年份的递增而增加.     

结合政策法规解读我国城市轨道交通的发展历程

回顾了我国近60 a城市轨道交通的发展历程,尤其是改革开放40 a来的发展情况。从各城市维护建设资金收入和支出等方面,结合政策法规的引导来解读城市轨道交通从起步到成长再到快速发展的过程。对新形势下的城市轨道交通发展提出了相应的建议。