Travel time ratio: the key factor of spatial reach

An important aspect of reach and accessibility is the time people are willing to spend on reaching activity places. In this paper we see the issue of travel time in an alternative way. Instead of looking at travel time separated from time spent on activities, we examine the relation between travel time and stay time. We operationalize this relation with the concept “travel time ratio”. A hypothetical framework underlying these travel time ratios is displayed. We show that for similar types of activity places the value of travel time ratio are in accordance with each other. We find large differences between trips for mandatory activities and trips for discretionary activities. The results indicate the stability of the travel time ratios. Finally, some implications for future research and policy will be mentioned. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Modeling access to public transport in urban areas

It is important to measure public transport accessibility to help improve the sustainability of transport systems in metropolitan areas. Although many studies have defined different approaches for measuring public transport accessibility, there have been limited methods developed for measuring accessibility levels that incorporate spatial aspects. Population density is an important distributional indicator that has also been ignored in previous methods developed for quantifying accessibility. This paper outlines the research context for measurement of public transport accessibility and then describes a methodology developed as well as an application the Public Transport Accessibility Index in Melbourne area, Australia. Using the Victorian Integrated Survey of Travel and Activity dataset, we applied separate‐ordered logit regression models to examine how the new index performs with a series of predictor variables compared with two existing approaches. Key findings indicate that there is a higher probability of public transport patronage in areas with higher levels of accessibility. Furthermore, it was found using statistical modelling that the new index produces better results compared with previous approaches. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

边境城市跨境可达性对口岸经济的影响机理

为获取“一带一路”战略影响下我国边境城市交通可达性和口岸经济时空演化及两者的影响机理,构建跨境交通可达性评估模型及口岸经济发展水平分析模型,采用引力模型刻画可达性对口岸经济发展的影响机理.结果表明：我国边境城市的跨境交通可达性与口岸经济均表现出显著的“东强西弱”空间特征,在“一带一路”战略推动下,两者均呈现逐年上升的趋势,西部地区的提升效果较为显著,东北地区的优势地位逐年下降;边境城市可达性对口岸经济发展具有显著的正向影响作用,随着可达性水平的提高,其促进作用逐渐减弱;国际贸易便利指数也是影响口岸经济发展水平的重要因素,其影响作用呈逐年增强的趋势.     

基于区位条件的停车配建指标研究

建筑物配建停车场是解决城市停车问题的关键,随着城市化和机动化进程的不断加大,现有的停车配建指标已经体现出分类粗糙,指标单一等方面的不足,且大多是基于调查进行统计归类的,忽略了区位条件这个关键影响因素。区位条件主要有经济条件、交通条件和地理条件,文中引用区位势这个概念,选择区位集聚和交通可达性2个区位因素作为影响配建指标的关键因素,重点分析距离阻抗、道路服务水平和道路等级对交通可达性的影响,并建立起其中内部因子和区位条件的关系模型。通过上海市某发展项目的实例,计算考虑区位条件后建筑物停车配建指标的调整状况。     

城市空间结构演化与城市交通的互动关系

通过分析城市空间结构的生长演化机制,研究城市空间结构与城市交通的互动关系。将城市空间结构的生长演化归纳为城市外部空间扩张和内部结构调整两个方面,指出二者均与城市交通的发展密切相关：外部空间扩张依赖于交通工具的改进和出行方式的转变,内部结构调整借助于相关区位交通条件的改变。论述了城市空间的生长演化与城市交通互动关系的核心是可达性,并由此论述城市交通发展和城市空间结构相互作用的机理。     

Promoting social inclusion in a deregulated environment: Extending accessibility using collective taxi-based services

Bus based public transport has enjoyed revitalisation in many urban areas but outside large towns and cities its provision and quality remains erratic. Many rural settlements have infrequent services giving rise to social exclusion through transport disadvantage.The UK Government highlighted a need in Towards a Sustainable Transport System (2007) for radical new thinking on rural accessibility to help meet goals of quality of life and accessibility for all and to help meet the challenge in finding carbon friendly ways of meeting rural transport needs. This paper reports work undertaken for the Commission for Integrated Transport, an advisory body to UK Government, on how shared taxi-schemes could be developed within a deregulated environment to meet rural accessibility needs. This is based on an analysis of institutional barriers and comparison between successful mainland European schemes and UK schemes. The paper considers economic viability and the levels of subsidy currently used to provide accessibility in rural areas to show the potential for making current expenditure on rural transport in the UK ‘work harder’ to deliver a collective taxi-based service as part of the public transport mix so as to increase rural accessibility.     

城市道路无障碍设施优化提升策略研究

随着生活水平的提高,人民群众对美好生活的要求越来越高,对城市道路无障碍设施的需求逐渐从“有”转向“优”,对于无障碍设施的建设迫切需要高质量发展。通过调研城市道路中常见的无障碍设施所存在的问题,以人民需求目标为导向,提出了优化提升无障碍设施的策略,以期引领无障碍设施由符合规范要求向满足高质量需求所迭代。     

Dynamic Modal Accessibility Gap: Measurement and Application Using Travel Routes Data

Accessibility is a key concept in transportation research and an important indicator of people’s quality of life. With the development of big data analytics, dynamic accessibility that captures the temporal variations of accessibility becomes an important research focus. Few prior studies focus on comparative measures of dynamic accessibility to Points of Interest (POIs) by alternative travel modes. To fill this research gap, we propose a new index called dynamic modal accessibility gap (DMAG), which draws upon available data on residents’ real travel routes using different travel modes, as well as the data on POIs. We study the DMAG in the real-travel covered area, assuming POIs are only useful if it is within someone’s real-travel covered area. We then apply this DMAG methodology to Shanghai’s central city and peripheral area. In both cases, we measure the accessibility for public and private travel modes. As an example, one-week taxi GPS and metro smart card data, and POIs data are used to generate the DMAG index for 30-minute and 60-minute trip durations for weekdays and holidays. Results show that DMAG can reflect the pattern of temporal variations. The proposed DMAG analytical framework, which can be applied at both the user and the system levels, can support urban and transportation planning, and promote social equity and livability.     

Transport and equity in Latin America: a critical review of socially oriented accessibility assessments*

ABSTRACT

A growing concern for mobility-related social inclusion and equity is evident from both academic research and planning best practices. Scholarly research promotes accessibility as the main aim of transport planning, assuming it as the evaluative approach that better conveys how mobility contributes to individuals' well-being and participation in social life. Accessibility can be crucial to address the socio-spatial inequalities that characterise manifold settings across the world. Amongst them, Latin American countries have been keen in tackling such imbalances through mobility-related interventions, as the renowned cases of Curitiba, Medellin and Bogotá show. The widespread interest in mobility as both a cause and effect of social disparities has generated an increasing stream of work that examines Latin American settings through the lenses of accessibility. This paper aims at critically reviewing the growing scholarly works that, providing accessibility-based evaluations, has examined issues of transport and equity in Latin America. Proposing a novel conceptual framework that considers the underlying ethical stance, components of accessibility and implications for planning and policy, this work examines what approaches, features and indicators are present in the current literature, as well as what settings have been taken into consideration by scholarly research. Moreover, the review has an explicit operational interest, to define what indicators are relevant or missing to assess accessibility in the light of social concerns, as well as to consider the current and potential implications that such research findings have on transport planning and policy. The review highlights how a growing but still limited body of work has examined transport and equity in Latin America, suggesting academic, technical and operational avenues to enhance theoretical and practical approaches to the issue.