上海吴淞口国际邮轮码头工程引桥设计

介绍了吴淞口国际邮轮码头工程引桥工程的设计和施工特点。作为在水上码头的引桥设计,不仅仅满足车辆荷载,还受到水位、波浪、船舶撞击、管线、景观、施工条件、耐久性诸多因素的限制,有关经验可供相关专业人员参考。     

考虑沥青路面材料参数空间差异性的解析计算及影响分析

复杂服役环境下沥青路面的材料参数存在明显的空间差异性，具体表现为沿深度的模量梯度分布与非连续层间接触以及横观各向同性，实现其解析计算对现有的沥青路面力学响应分析及结构设计方法具有重要的参考价值。为此，从弹性力学基本方程出发，基于状态空间法，推导了具有指数模量梯度的横观各向同性弹性层状体系通解；在此基础上，基于波传递方法，将状态向量转换为波向量，并结合边界条件和层间条件，建立了考虑沥青路面材料参数差异性的多层路面结构解析解；然后借助MATLAB平台编制了数值计算程序，采用文献对比、BISAR程序以及有限元软件ABAQUS验证了该解析解的精度与效率；最后结合典型数值算例，阐述了该解析解在沥青Top-Down开裂和传统路面疲劳损伤分析中的应用。理论推导和数值计算结果表明：该解析解摆脱了弹性力学问题求解对应力函数的依赖性，并且借助波传播方法，避免了求解中正指数过大对求解精度的影响，并使得边界条件和不同层间接触关系的描述更加便捷；沥青路面材料参数的空间差异性不可忽视，沥青面层连续模量梯度会造成更大的路表拉应力和最大剪应力，进而加剧沥青路面的Top-Down开裂；而横观各向同性和层间接触状态间存在耦合效应，从而会加剧沥青路面的疲劳损伤。     

Mathematical properties and constraints representation for bottom-up approaches to the evaluation of GHG mitigation policies

Bottom-up models, including MARKAL, MESSAGE and AIM, are widely used when analyzing the effect of greenhouse gas (GHG) abatement policies. These bottom-up models are mostly formulated as a linear programming (LP) optimization model to find both the minimal cost combination of abatement technologies and energy flows while satisfying demands. It is not unusual that the bottom-up modeling involves a great number of technical, industrial, socioeconomic and environmental constraints. Investigating representative constraints needed for analyzing GHG abatement policies, this study proposes how to implement these constraints in bottom-up modeling.     

Transport and society1

In 1963, the Buchanan Report in the UK advocated a combination of new road capacity, improved public transport and traffic restraint as a means to tackle congestion. Forty years on, and the advice from many transport experts remains the same. However, the scale and complexity of the problems associated with a mobility‐dependent society have grown. The need for politicians to make tough but realistic policy decisions on transport is now becoming unavoidable. They must confront the realities of living with the car as must the general public. Policymakers now also have social well‐being and sustainable development moving higher on their agendas alongside transport. Against such a backdrop, the paper makes the case for transport research, policy and practice to acknowledge more fully the inherent links between transport and society. It argues that greater recognition and understanding of such links is crucial to confronting the present realities. Transport does not merely serve society: it shapes society, as in turn society shapes transport. The future of each is dependent on the other, and this fact must be recognized. The paper advocates in turn that the transport profession must move from its heartlands in engineering and economics also to embrace more fully such disciplines as sociology and psychology. A factual picture of the many facets of present‐day society is presented and the implications for travel demand are discussed. Through considering phenomena such as social norms and habitual behaviour, it is then argued that the travel choices and behaviour of individuals are not simply a matter of economic optimization. This points to the need for decision‐makers to be furnished with better evidence about the transport problems faced and the potential efficacy of measures that might be taken. Discussion of public attitudes and the role of the media are included in the context of assessing how politicians can be encouraged and supported in their implementation of realistic but unpopular policies. Evidence and experience within the paper are UK based, although many of the issues and arguments apply world wide.     

职业教育梦的多重维度与实践路径

摘要职业教育梦是中国梦的助推器，同时又是中国梦的职业教育版。职业教育梦具有丰富理论价值与实践价值。实现职业教育梦需要在思想认识、政策设计、教育教学等方面由政府、行业、企业、社会各层面协同推进。     

一种三维时域格林函数计算方法

如何高效地计算出三维时域格林函数是线性时域方法能否有效地求解船舶水动力问题的关键.本文在前人工作的基础上,采用了一种半解析的数值求积方法,对三维时域格林函数及其导数作了计算,这种方法十分有效,计算结果令人满意.     

船闸引航道水力与停泊条件的分析

随着船闸水头提高,闸室尺度加大,阀门快速启闭,输水流量大,引航道的水力条件成为控制因素。因此,根据规范要求,采用计算分析、对比和论证的方法,根据船闸水头、尺度及运输条件,计算分析闸室与引航道停泊条件的差异,相同航道等级不同闸室尺度引航道停泊条件等。结果表明:随着船闸水头提高与闸室尺度的加大,应重视引航道的水力条件;引航道断面设计不只与船型尺度有关,应与输水流量联系起来;当引航道船舶(队)不满足停泊条件时,有一系列改善措施,可供选择应用。     

高速公路小净距隧道施工方法探讨

小净距隧道是双洞隧道净距介于连拱隧道与规范要求上下行分离式隧道最小净距之间的一种特殊隧道结构形式。由于隧道净距小,施工时双洞相互影响较大,对隧道围岩特别是中夹岩岩体稳定性有很大的影响。因此,探讨安全、合理、经济的高速公路小净距隧道施工方法十分必要。本文结合净距4.0 m、埋深30.0 m的Ⅰ类同岩段高速公路小净距隧道工程实践,通过三维弹塑性有限元数值仿真模拟,分析双洞侧壁导坑法、侧壁导坑与上下台阶组合法及双洞上下台阶法三种施工方法施工时隧道围岩破坏接近度、围岩变形位移特征,探讨其优劣和适应性,为高速公路小净距隧道设计、施工提供科学依据。     

横向风与列车风联合作用下车桥系统绕流分析

采用3维定常不可压缩雷诺平均N-S方程,结合RNGk-ε湍流模型,利用多重参考系法,对横向风作用下ICE高速列车在日本屋代南桥上运行的绕流进行分析。结果表明:列车风对流场的影响主要表现在对列车表面附近、桥面、挡风墙间的局部流场的影响;列车运行时对头部、尾部附近的空气有排挤、拖曳作用;列车尾部靠迎风侧有一个很强的旋涡;列车风对列车中部附近流场的影响很小,对列车的阻力、横向力、升力、摇头力矩影响较大;列车风的作用使整个列车产生一种向上提升和沿横风向摇头的作用,列车风对列车附近区域桥梁的气动力有明显影响。     

航运企业选择战略联盟伙伴的决策方法

战略联盟作为企业经营的一种新理念 ,自美国DEC公司总裁简·霍普兰德 (J .Hopland)和管理学家罗杰·奈杰尔 (R .Nigle)提出以来 ,在近 2 0多年的时间里 ,越来越多的企业通过战略联盟的方式参与全球竞争 ,并取得了显著的效果。这一组织制度的创新理论 ,迅速成为各大公司获取自身利益最大化的最优选择。我国加入WTO后 ,航运业的竞争也将日趋激烈 ,对如何提高航运企业的竞争优势 ,作出合理的决策 ,关系到企业的生存大计。通过对航运企业实施战略联盟的分析 ,提出了航运企业在选择战略联盟伙伴时 ,可供采取的模糊综合评判决策方法