我国高性能船技术进展

数十年来,我国在高性能船研发与应用领域广泛深入地开展了大量、卓有成效的研究与开发工作,主要包括地效翼船、水翼船、小水线面双体船、穿浪双体船、水翼复合船,全垫升气垫船、侧壁式气垫船、高速多体船等等,文章对这方面的工作与技术进展情况进行了概要论述.然而,受到这一技术领域的广泛性以及篇幅的限制,文中侧重于我国在高性能船方面取得的主要技术成果的回顾与主要产品的简要介绍,而对其中大量的具体技术细节不能一一提及,更无法详细展开进行深入论述.     

基于求解速度势通量的指定压力分布二维翼型设计方法

为了提升翼型的水动力和空泡等性能,指定压力分布的翼型剖面设计的方法多数集中在给定攻角下的翼型剖面的设计,该方法存在计算量较大,收敛性不理想,特别是推广到三维问题时,上述问题尤为突出,限制了翼型设计的进一步发展。文章以势流理论面元方法为基础,通过求解指定压力分布条件下翼型表面的速度势通量,获得翼型表面形状的修正量,并将修正量分解为攻角的变化以及剖面自身的变化两部分,从而得到了翼型唯一的设计攻角和翼型剖面几何（厚度分布、拱度分布）。文中采用上述方法对二维翼型问题进行了设计验证,表明该方法可以设计任意指定压力分布的翼型剖面,理论上该方法可以用于全三维翼型的设计问题。     

基于粒子群算法的水翼剖面优化设计

水翼是船舶设计和各种水中运动装置设计的重要组成部分,在船舶海洋工程领域的应用十分广泛.采用粒子群优化算法(PSO)对三维水翼翼型进行了以提高升阻比为目标的优化设计.翼型由解析函数线性叠加法表示,目标函数和粒子的适应度由基于面元法的流场数值解来提供.整个优化计算过程较传统的优化方法原理简单,计算量小,优化后的水翼型能较原翼型的水动力性能有明显改善.优化结果验证了粒子群优化算法结合面元法在水翼剖面优化设计中的可行性,对今后水翼剖面优化设计有一定借鉴意义。     

Hydrodynamic response of a passive shape-adaptive composite hydrofoil

The primary objective of this paper is to present cavitation tunnel tests performed on an optimised shape-adaptive composite hydrofoil and compare the results to other composite hydrofoils. The optimised composite hydrofoil was designed based on prior literature and was manufactured using an optimised ply orientation schedule and a pre-twist. In the same experiment schedule a composite hydrofoil that has a ply orientation that is opposite to the optimised hydrofoil was also tested. In addition to the cavitation tunnel experiments, the paper also presents results predicted from FEA and CFD simulations for the optimised hydrofoil and compares the results from numerical methods to experiments. The results show that the optimised hydrofoil has an improved L/D ratio and a delayed stall phenomenon compared to other hydrofoils. Furthermore, due to the pre-twisted optimised geometry, the hydrofoil does not suffer from loss of lift at low angles of attack. The experimental results demonstrated the importance of characterising the performance of flexible shape-adaptive hydrofoils based on the actual velocity of the flow in addition to the conventional characterisation based on Reynold's number. Additional numerical simulations were performed to investigate the hydrofoils observed load dependant deformation behaviour. These results clearly show that for the same Reynold's number, the hydrofoil can have an appreciably different response if the flow velocity is different.     

近自由面三维水翼的水动力分析及试验研究

采用面元法对近自由面三维水翼进行势流数值分析并进行了相关试验研究。在数值计算中,将Rankine源和偶极子置于边界面上,用时间步进法模拟水翼的势流场和自由表面波形。在自由面采用非线性自由面边界条件,在尾涡面上采用偶极子布置以满足Kutta条件。文中给出了数值计算模型的参数,对于不同浸深、不同航速和不同攻角下的水翼,计算了水翼表面上的压力分布,水翼的阻力和升力及自由表面波形。数值计算结果与试验结果进行了对比。结果表明,文中方法可用于水翼优化设计、近自由面振动翼运动及水翼船兴波等问题的研究。     

水翼辅助推进船舶波浪中运动和增阻特性研究

基于在船首两侧增添（固定）水翼的水翼辅助推进船舶的设想,选取集装箱船型作为研究对象,采用三维面元法对原型和水翼船在规则波中的运动和增阻响应进行了预报,并与试验结果进行比较,验证了计算结果的准确性。研究结果表明水翼能够有效地减小船舶在波浪中的纵摇、垂荡和增阻响应,其中添加水翼船在波浪中的纵摇和垂荡响应峰值分别减少了21%和24%,而增阻响应则减小了80%。此外还对水翼展弦比和安装位置对船舶在波浪中的运动和增阻响应的影响进行了研究。     

水翼部分空化流动二维数值仿真研究（英文）

In the present study, a new approach is applied to the cavity prediction for two-dimensional(2D) hydrofoils by the potential based boundary element method(BEM). The boundary element method is treated with the source and doublet distributions on the panel surface and cavity surface by the use of the Dirichlet type boundary conditions. An iterative solution approach is used to determine the cavity shape on partially cavitating hydrofoils. In the case of a specified cavitation number and cavity length, the iterative solution method proceeds by addition or subtraction of a displacement thickness on the cavity surface of the hydrofoil. The appropriate cavity shape is obtained by the dynamic boundary condition of the cavity surface and the kinematic boundary condition of the whole foil surface including the cavity. For a given cavitation number the cavity length of the 2D hydrofoil is determined according to the minimum error criterion among different cavity lengths, which satisfies the dynamic boundary condition on the cavity surface. The NACA 16006, NACA 16012 and NACA 16015 hydrofoil sections are investigated for two angles of attack. The results are compared with other potential based boundary element codes, the PCPAN and a commercial CFD code(FLUENT). Consequently, it has been shown that the results obtained from the two dimensional approach are consistent with those obtained from the others.     

电磁力控制翼型三维绕流场特性的数值研究

在弦长雷诺数Re_L=2.97×10~6下,采用脱体涡模拟方法对弱电解质中电磁力作用下翼型绕流场特性进行了数值模拟,研究了电磁力作用控制翼型失速攻角时绕流场中三维流动特性及失速问题的规律和机理。结果表明:电磁力作用可有效改善翼型周围的流场结构,显著减小翼型绕流场三维特性,并使翼型表面流体动能增加,当电磁力作用足够大时,其表面涡量转变为正向涡量。同时,电磁力作用可增加翼型升力,减小阻力,显著减小升阻力脉动特性,提高翼型升阻比,还可以显著延缓翼型失速特性,增加失速攻角,提高工作性能。     

三维水翼片空泡尺度效应研究

针对三维水翼的片空泡尺度效应问题,建立LES湍流模型对三维水翼的片空泡生成情况进行计算研究。模拟了片空泡在一个周期内的生成和脱落过程,空泡计算结果与试验做了详细对比,发现LES湍流模型的计算结果与实验结果吻合较好,能较为完整的显示片空泡的脱落过程。研究了来流速度和模型尺度的变化对片空泡产生的影响,发现速度对初始片空泡数基本无影响,而模型尺度对片空泡的形成和发展有影响,但该影响并不大。在此基础上推导了新的初始片空泡数的尺度效应公式。     

振动半圆柱尾流中的二维摆动水翼推进性能研究

文章研究了粘性流场中半圆柱振动产生的旋涡对二维摆动水翼推进性能的影响。利用数值方法计算了振动半圆柱尾流中二维摆动水翼的水动力性能。计算结果表明,半圆柱涡和水翼涡之间存在4种相互作用模式。相反旋向的半圆柱涡和水翼涡相互作用时,摆动水翼的平均推力系数最大。相同旋向的半圆柱涡和水翼首缘涡相互作用并且最终融入到水翼尾缘涡时,摆动水翼能够从半圆柱涡中吸收能量。