双壳型船体结构稳态温度场和温度应力

用简化解析方法和有限元数值方法,分析了双壳型船体货舱区域在运载高温液货时的稳态温度场;根据船体结构的温度分布,用有限元法计算了其温度应力,同时与货物压力、海水静动压力、总纵弯矩等载荷作用下的结构应力做了比较。研究结果表明：在货舱结构温度场分析中用简化分析方法和有限元数值方法所得的计算结果相当一致;高温液货大幅度增加船体结构的纵向应力和横向应力,同时加剧结构不连续处的应力集中;槽型舱壁可以有效地释放     

Transient responses of a VLFS during landing and take-off of an airplane

The transient elastic deformation of a pontoon-type very large floating structure (VLFS) caused by the landing and take-off of an airplane is computed by the time-domain mode-expansion method. The memory effects in hydrodynamic forces are taken into account, and great care is paid to numerical accuracy in evaluating all the coefficients appearing in the simultaneous differential equations for the elastic motion of a VLFS. The time-histories of the imparted force and the position and velocity of an airplane during landing and take-off are modeled with data from a Boeing 747-400 jumbo jet. Simulation results are shown of 3-D structural waves on a VLFS and the associated unsteady drag force on an airplane, which is of engineering importance, particularly during take-off. The results for landing show that the airplane moves faster than the structural waves generated in the early stage, and the waves overtake the airplane as its speed decreases to zero. The results for take-off are essentially the same as those for landing, except that the structural waves develop slowly in the early stage, and no obstacle exists on the runway after the take-off of airplane. The additional drag force on an airplane due to the elastic responses of the runway considered in this work was found to be small in magnitude.     

Extensive study on the design loads used for strength assessment of tanker and bulk carrier structures

ClassNK has undertaken wide-ranging basic research covering many aspects related to the safety of ship structures, including design loads, structural analysis, strength assessment of buckling, collapse, and fatigue, and rational corrosion margins to develop new design standards which have transparency and consistency. Among the wide-ranging basic research, this article summarizes the results of extensive work on the design loads used for strength assessments of tanker and bulk carrier structures. The main aim of the research was to develop practical estimation methods of design loads with rational technical backgrounds relating to the actual loads acting on the primary structural members of tankers and bulk carriers. During this study, we proposed the following methodology. Design sea states that closely resemble the actual sea states which are considered to be the most severe for hull structures. Find practical estimation methods for the design sea states by parametric studies using the results of series calculations on representative tankers and bulk carriers. Find practical estimation methods for design regular waves which will result in the same level of stresses as those induced in irregular waves under the design sea states. We also briefly introduced some practical estimation methods for the design loads, such as ship motions, accelerations, hull-girder bending moments, and hydrodynamic pressures that are induced under design regular waves. The findings in this study have been summarized and implemented in the new design standards for tanker and bulk carrier structures.Updated from the Japanese original which won the 2003 SNAJ prize (J Soc Nav Archit Jpn 2002; 191:195–207; 2002; 191:208–220; and 2002; 192:723–733)     

让压预应力锚索在软岩隧道大变形控制中的作用机制研究

为解决高地压、高流变条件下软岩隧道围岩及支护结构大变形控制难题，通过理论和数值分析，研究让压预应力锚索在隧道大变形控制中的作用机制。研究内容包括2个方面，一是研究新型让压锚垫板在低预紧力及低围压下的力学性能，满足支护结构先柔让压的要求； 二是让压结束后，预应力锚索在高预紧力条件下改善支护结构受力性能，实现后刚强支的作用。结果表明： 1）预应力锚索通过施加预紧力，增大洞壁径向阻力，提高围岩稳定性； 2）预应力锚索在让压结束后对支护结构的主要作用是减跨，由此提高支护结构刚度和承载能力； 3）围岩、支护结构和让压预应力锚索变形协调，力学上相互耦合，构成“先柔后刚”的支护体系。     

墩台施工监理中的若干问题

针对工程的特殊性 ,管理人员在质量控制方面及相关协调工作方面进行了必要的调整和大胆尝试 ,最终促成该项目的圆满完成。     

基于相对变形的大变形隧道地应力反算

针对复杂地质条件下高地应力大变形隧道地应力复杂多变的特点，为满足该类隧道动态设计对地应力资料的要求，提出基于上台阶开挖后拱腰水平收敛与拱顶下沉的相对比值并结合开挖揭示的围岩情况，建立二维数值模型反算地应力的方法。以丽江至香格里拉铁路中义隧道为例，对该方法进行详细说明。研究表明所述方法具有无需地应力测试、计算方便的优点，施工期间可用于地应力分析、预测。中义隧道典型区段地应力反算结果表明： 1）隧道出口及2号横洞工区的地应力分布特点并不相同； 2）围岩及埋深差别不大的区段，隧道水平收敛变形出现较大差异主要是由于地应力侧压力系数不同引起的。     

有移动热源的海上大空间通风技术研究

由于有某种热源在海上大空间内移动,使得大空间通风系统也与其他一般大舱空间的通风系统不同.目前国内外对海上大空间通风系统尚无明确的规范及要求.在对大空间通风进行模型试验研究和相应的计算机模拟计算基础上,确定大空间通风系统初步方案,为大空间通风系统设计提供科学合理的试验和理论依据.     

Optimal selection of suspension parameters in large scale vehicle models

Optimum values are selected for the suspension damping and stiffness parameters of complex car models, subjected to road excitation, by applying suitable numerical methodologies. These models result from a detailed finite-element discretisation and possess a relatively large number of degrees of freedom. They also involve strongly nonlinear characteristics, due mostly to large rigid body rotation of some of their components and the properties of the connection elements. First, attention is focused on gaining some insight into the dynamics of the mechanical models examined, resulting when the vehicle passes over roads involving typical geometric profiles. Then, the emphasis is shifted to presenting results obtained by applying appropriate optimisation methodologies. For this purpose, three classes of design criteria are first set up, referring to passenger ride comfort, suspension travel and car road holding and yielding the most important suspension stiffness and damping parameters. Originally, the optimisation is performed by forming a composite cost function and employing a single-objective optimisation method. Since the design criteria are conflicting, a multi-objective optimisation methodology is also set up and applied subsequently.     

桥梁深水钻孔灌注桩施工技术

随着大型跨海、跨江桥梁的相继建设，桥梁跨度越来越大，对基础的要求也越来越高，超长、大直径的钻孔灌注桩已被广泛应用于大型深水桥梁建设中。结合工程实例，介绍大型桥梁深水钻孔灌注桩施工技术及其施工过程中的关键控制要点。     

秦岭天台山大断面高速公路隧道降尘除尘方案研究

为解决由于隧道施工断面大、在开挖过程中产生的粉尘难以通过施工通风排除的问题，对秦岭天台山隧道（双向6车道）施工过程中钻孔、爆破、出渣、喷浆等不同工况下的隧道粉尘质量浓度进行现场实测，并根据现场实测结果，对隧道内各工况施工粉尘分布特性进行数值模拟研究，提出适合于大断面隧道施工的粉尘控制措施。现场测试结果表明，出渣和喷浆工况下，粉尘质量浓度超过规范要求数倍。通过数值模拟得到： 1）靠近掌子面40 m区域内粉尘质量浓度不稳定，下降趋势不明显； 2）在布置风管时，风管末段至掌子面距离建议取为60~80 m，以保证新鲜风以较大的喷射面抵达掌子面； 3）建议采用附壁风筒降尘+车载除尘方案，除尘效率达95%，能有效处理隧道各区域粉尘，且对施工造成的影响小。