地铁1500V混合型制动能量吸收装置

地铁列车再生制动能量处理是地铁系统的一个重要课题。国内外多年来提出并实践了多种方案,但是没有一种方案的技术性能、节能减排效果、设备造价等各方面综合性能让用户普遍满意。本文介绍了电阻＋逆变混合型制动能量吸收装置。该装置以较先进的技术性能、较低的设备造价在保证列车正常制动的同时较好地实现节能减排效果,具有良好的工程应用前景。     

地铁车辆涡流制动装置磁场分析与制动力矩计算

分析了旋转型永磁涡流制动装置的工作原理,并以地铁车辆为对象设计了一种涡流制动装置的结构。利用ANSYS分析软件对其磁场分布进行分析,得到磁通密度的变化规律。以电磁场理论为基础,利用解析法计算了制动装置的制动力矩。为旋转型涡流制动装置的设计、优化与控制方法等提供了一定的依据。     

首先发生紧急制动车辆的电子定位方法

分析了电子定位首先发生意外紧急制动车辆的紧急制动波到达时间差原理,推导出了定位公式,并进行了实测验证。测试结果表明,客车车辆顺位定位误差不大于1辆。     

地铁列车过渡车钩功能改进及应用

针对目前内燃调车机车采用过渡车钩对地铁列车调车作业中存在的问题,提出了对过渡车钩的改进方案,以达到缓解地铁列车停放制动、提高调车效率的目的。同时提出了对地铁列车制动管路进行改进的思路,以实现内燃调车机车与地铁列车同步实施制动与缓解,从而大幅提高调车过程的安全性与效率。     

车轮高温对红外轴温探测影响的试验研究

通过制动试验模拟车轮高温热辐射对红外轴温探测的影响,研究形成特殊轴温波形及探测到高温的原因。     

汽车ABS滑模变结构控制的分析与仿真

汽车防抱制动系统(ABS)是改善汽车主动安全性的重要装置.本文介绍了滑模变结构控制方法,针对汽车ABS的特点利用此方法设计了控制器,并在MATLAB/Simulink的环境下进行了仿真,给出了仿真结果和评价.     

EQ6110混合动力电动汽车再生制动控制策略研究

分析了电机再生制动对车辆制动性能的影响以及典型城市公交客车运行工况特点，提出了适于EQ6110HEV的再生制动控制策略——低制动强度时优先采用再生制动，高强度时按比例复合再生制动与摩擦制动。仿真计算表明：在各种循环工况下，EQ6110HEV采用这种再生制动控制策略均有较好的节能效果，可降低能耗10％～25％。     

防抱制动系统基于模型的最佳滑移率计算方法

提出了一种基于μ-λ曲线的近似数学模型来实现最佳滑移率的递推最小二乘算法(RLS)。应用累积求和统计控制法(CUSUM)，解决了RLS算法在检测跃变路面时响应滞后的问题。通过计算机仿真，验证了算法在车辆防抱制动系统中的可行性和有效性。     

System energy optimisation strategies for metros with regeneration

Energy and environmental sustainability in transportation are becoming ever more important. In Europe, the transportation sector is responsible for about 30% of the final end use of energy. Electrified railway systems play an important role in contributing to the reduction of energy usage and CO₂ emissions compared with other transport modes. For metro-transit systems with frequently motoring and braking trains, the effective use of regenerated braking energy is a significant way to reduce the net energy consumption. Although eco-driving strategies have been studied for some time, a comprehensive understanding of how regeneration affects the overall system energy consumption has not been developed. This paper proposes a multi-train traction power network modelling method to determine the system energy flow of the railway system with regenerating braking trains. The initial results show that minimising traction energy use is not the same as minimising the system energy usage in a metro system. An integrated optimisation method is proposed to solve the system energy-saving problem, which takes train movement and electrical power flow into consideration. The results of a study of the Beijing Yizhuang metro line indicate that optimised operation could reduce the energy consumption at the substations by nearly 38.6% compared to that used with the existing ATO operation.     

Mental models of driving and speed: biases,choices and reality

This paper provides a review of research performed by Svenson with colleagues and others work on mental models and their practical implications. Mental models describe how people perceive and think about the world including covariances and relationships between different variables, such as driving speed and time. Research on mental models has detected the time-saving bias [Svenson, O. (1970). A functional measurement approach to intuitive estimation as exemplified by estimated time savings. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 86, 204–210]. It means that drivers relatively overestimate the time that can be saved by increasing speed from an already high speed, for example, 90–130?km/h, and underestimate the time that can be saved by increasing speed from a low speed, for example, 30–45?km/h. In congruence with this finding, mean speed judgments and perceptions of mean speeds are also biased and higher speeds given too much weight and low speeds too little weight in comparison with objective reality. Replacing or adding a new speedometer in the car showing min per km eliminated or weakened the time-saving bias. Information about braking distances at different speeds did not improve overoptimistic judgments of braking capacity, but information about collision speed with an object suddenly appearing on the road did improve judgments of braking capacity. This is relevant to drivers, politicians and traffic regulators.